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Long-term revitalisation of coastal fisheries in Fukushima Prefecture: Insights from a deliberative Q-methodology exercise
No full textThe recovery of fisheries in coastal Fukushima Prefecture, Japan reflects long-term challenges faced by coastal communities following major environmental disasters. Long-term social, cultural and economic impacts highlight the need for a just recovery, prioritising requirements and perspectives of the most affected and offering opportunity for recovery and transformation. However, a just recovery requires sustained policy support, aligning with what different sections of the community aspire to. We therefore engaged different sectors of the fishing community in Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture in an exploratory collaborative Q-Methodology exercise, to identify divergence and agreement on priorities for long-term recovery in the locality. Our results show that whilst ‘the community’ is never homogenous, a just recovery may depend as much on understanding people outside the community – such as distant consumers – as those in it. We also found that place identity can remain strong across the community in the face of major environmental change; and that divergence over how to proceed with ‘recovery’ may only emerge after the initial ‘emergency’ response period has passed. We make three tentative recommendations about how existing policy could better support just recovery in Iwaki and contexts like it. One is continuing core support for reform of infrastructure and distribution systems to transform local economies. Second is enabling locally-driven messaging about quality of produce, over and above technical safety information. Third is creating processes to engage intermediaries in long-term environmental monitoring to support evidence-informed decision-making
Fortifying the Seams Between C/C++ and Rust: Characterizing Bugs in Interop Tools
No full textRust has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its safety and high performance. Despite these advantages, Rust projects rarely start from scratch in practice, and many Rust-based systems instead use hybrid programming, where Rust interoperates with existing C/C++ code. To reduce the manual effort involved in this interoperation (interop) process, several interop tools have been proposed to facilitate hybrid programming between Rust and C/C++. However, the challenges and limitations of these tools remain largely unexplored, leaving developers unclear about the future directions and users unclear about the appropriate usage scenarios. To fill the gap, we mined 320 bugs in the popular interop tools, i.e., Bindgen, Cbindgen, and CXX. We observe that the main obstacle is not tool crashes or performance issues, but the inability to generate correct and functional code. The leading types of the failures are generating code that is unfaithful to the original code’s intent and generating incomplete code. Memory layout mismatch is the most common cause with Bindgen. Input with complex struct is the biggest challenge across tools, followed by the usage with specific tool configuration options for customized binding generation. Even input with primitive data types can be problematic. We also observe a common fix pattern that updates the control flow and condition. Based on our findings, we propose a series of suggestions to developers, users, and future researchers. For example, we suggest the developers validate configuration combinations, provide clearer documentation, and implement default-safe mechanisms to prevent failures related to unexpected tool configuration options
Afrocentric Pedagogical Leadership: A toolkit for educators in Ghana
No full textThis toolkit presents an Afrocentric Pedagogical Leadership (APL) framework designed to support educators and education leaders in Ghana to lead teaching and learning in culturally grounded, inclusive, and transformative ways. Drawing on Afrocentricity (Asante), African humanist philosophy (Nkrumah), and critical pedagogy (Freire), the toolkit reconceptualises pedagogical leadership as an ethical, relational, and liberatory practice rooted in African worldviews and community knowledge systems. It advances five interrelated principles: cultural grounding in pedagogy; Ubuntu-inspired inclusivity; decolonial data praxis; liberatory learning spaces; and empowerment through relational leadership. These principles are operationalised through Akan Adinkra symbols, contextual case studies from diverse Ghanaian school settings, and practical activities tailored for teachers, subject leads, headteachers, and School Improvement Support Officers (SISOs). Developed collaboratively with practitioners and researchers from Ghana and the UK, the toolkit bridges theory and practice by offering reflective prompts, implementation strategies, and adaptable templates to support professional learning, school improvement, and system-level leadership. By centring African epistemologies while engaging critically with global scholarship, the toolkit contributes to ongoing efforts to decolonise education and strengthen pedagogical leadership that affirms learner identity, community participation, and educational equity
Butterflies of curriculum realisation: Investigating early implementation of the Curriculum for Wales
No full textCurriculum reform provides a vital opportunity for nations to ensure learners are equipped to fully participate as citizens in the 21st century. This paper presents an understanding of educators’ response to curriculum reform, and some of its enablers and barriers. Discussions were conducted with a sample of school senior leaders and learners from Wales. Senior leaders contributed during the early implementation of the new curriculum, with further discussions approximately six months later. Using the ‘butterfly effect’ metaphor, the potential for positive curriculum change is explored. Findings showed that schools were trialling different approaches and increasingly focusing on collaborative activities. Key enablers included the passion, commitment and confidence of school leaders and teachers, cluster working, the provision of support materials and guidance and positive learner engagement. However, barriers included a lack of knowledge and confidence in a minority of aspects of the curriculum, including curriculum design, uncertainty about progression, assessment and future accountability, as yet unmet support needs, and insufficient time. It is concluded that a learning orientation and a social orientation to educators' early response exists. The learning orientation is important to ensure the kind of inquiry for sustained learning for ongoing implementation. Addressing limitations in knowledge and confidence in curriculum design will drive this further. For the social orientation, importance was given to collaboration; it is by interacting with others, particularly within non‐judgemental cluster working, that knowledge is strengthened, trust gained and implementation supported
Enduring hope and loss: qualitative evidence synthesis of LGBTQ+ experiences of perinatal loss
No full textIntroduction Perinatal healthcare systems, services and research are shaped by cisheteronormative assumptions, i.e. that families involve one woman who carries a pregnancy and one man who is a non-carrying partner; furthermore, assuming that conception has usually resulted from sexual intercourse, with both parties providing gametes. These assumptions obscure and sometimes exacerbate LGBTQ+ people’s experiences and needs. This evidence synthesis aimed to identify and bring together the experiences of LGBTQ+ people who have faced pregnancy or baby loss; collectively perinatal loss.
Methods A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted using systematic methods. Relevant databases were systematically searched using predefined search terms, and complimented by citation chaining. Eligibility was restricted to empirical qualitative studies published in English, unrestricted by participants’ relationship to the loss (i.e. physically pregnant or not - sometimes respectively described as gestational/birthing or non-gestational/non-birthing parent), type of perinatal loss (e.g. miscarriage, stillbirth), time since loss, setting, publication date, or type of qualitative methodology. Study selection followed a multi-stage screening process. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse and interpret patterns of meaning across included studies.
Results Seven studies met the eligibility criteria, reported across 10 papers. All seven were conducted in the Global North (including North America, Australia, and Europe). Thematic synthesis generated one overarching theme - enduring hope and loss – which captured the layers of loss experienced by LGBTQ+ people. This included the complexity of loss, and the loss commonly not being felt as an isolated incident, but rather part of a longer process. The three connected themes were: 1. Investment, which included the effort of navigating cisheteronormative systems, frequently after investing time, finances and emotions in assisted conception. 2. Support in relation to loss, highlighting the challenges of accessing support while being marginalised, excluded, or feeling invisible and, at times, unsafe as an LGBTQ+ family. 3. Meaning-making, in the immediate experience of loss, the aftermath of loss and the care received, and the time beyond.
Conclusion Cisheteronormative systems and interactions have potential to amplify loss and contribute to feelings of disenfranchisement amongst LGBTQ+ people. Further research is needed to evaluate support provided, inclusive of implications for subsequent reproductive choices
Surfacing Hidden Social Innovation for a Hidden Form of Flood Risk: The Story of Project Groundwater
No full textAcross the last decade ‘resilience’ has become a guiding principle for flood risk management (FRM) policymakers. The importance of the role of communities has been recognised, and there is a growing emphasis on innovation to contend with the complexity in community resilience building. Problematic traditional approaches and norms of risk authorities and other stakeholders need to be tackled to bring about meaningful change across social relationships and existing behaviours through social innovation. The paper presents an exploratory case study: Project Groundwater, a partnership building community resilience to groundwater flooding. Following interviews with Project Groundwater partners, we suggest that social innovation was largely ‘hidden’ from view. This paper uses a ‘communication continuum’ to set out the project's communication journey, making visible the processes and practices lying under the surface to reach a novel collaborative relationship with communities. The findings demonstrate a need for sustained focus and commitment to understanding and making further social innovation visible, together with the fostering of capabilities to resource and incentivise wider implementation. The research offers a new perspective on social innovation, with a specific focus on communication to support local level community resilience building to flood risk
Living together and apart: Reimagining care in a segregated neighbourhood of Santiago, Chile
No full textBased on an ethnography with children and families in a segregated neighbourhood of Santiago, Chile, this article explores how care is practiced amid urban violence and inequality. Through a combination of drawing and walking methods, it examines how children and parents negotiate risk, absence, and structural neglect in their efforts to sustain relational life. In dialogue with Science and Technology Studies, it shows how care emerges through friction, improvisation, and fragile attachments rather than stability or consensus. In doing so, the article challenges dominant understandings of childhood and parenting, revealing alternative, situated ways of inhabiting and caring for the city and its everyday worlds
False Fronts? CSR Decoupling and Auditor Accountability
No full textThis chapter examines the relationship between CSR decoupling, audit effort, and auditor independence. Using data from Chinese listed firms between 2011 and 2021, the findings suggest that CSR decoupling is positively associated with audit report lag and negatively associated with auditor independence. These results remain robust after employing alternative measures and addressing endogeneity concerns. Further analysis reveals that CSR decoupling is positively related to audit report lag among state-owned enterprises, while it is negatively associated with auditor independence among non-state-owned enterprises. Moreover, high institutional ownership moderates these relationships. The effects of CSR decoupling on audit report lag and auditor independence are more pronounced in firms experiencing financial distress
Pin Classes
No full textOriginally discovered in relation to the simple permutations, the structures known as pin sequences have since appeared in many varied and unexpected places throughout the field of permutation patterns, notably in connection with substitution-closed classes and infinite antichains. Additionally, pin sequences, along with the pin permutation classes they naturally define, have proven to be a very efficient means of producing counterexamples, notably being used recently to construct well-quasi-ordered permutation classes with non-algebraic generating functions. The study of pin classes as objects of interest in their own right, on the other hand, has been somewhat limited, though precedent certainly exists. In this thesis we aim to initiate a more systematic study of pin permutation classes than has previously been attempted.
We begin in Chapter 1 with an introductory discussion of permutation classes, placing this field of study in a historical context and mentioning some of the major open problems, before introducing pin sequences in connection with the simple permutations. In Chapter 2 we introduce the notion of a centred permutation: a permutation along with a defined origin point. This will transpire to be the most natural context in which to situate the study of pin classes, chiefly because it will allow us to utilise the ⊞-sum, an operation on the centred permutations. We begin to study pin permutation classes in earnest in Chapter 3, defining pin words and the (centred and uncentred) permutation classes they generate. Our major result here is that every pin permutation class has a proper growth rate; we also describe an effective procedure for determining the growth rate of any given pin class by reducing to a simpler combinatorial problem on words. We conclude our study of pin classes in full generality in Chapter 4 by determining the best possible bounds on the growth rate of a pin class subject to an important characteristic: the number of quadrants its defining pin word visits recurrently.
In the second half of this thesis we restrict our focus to a large subfamily of pin classes named V-classes: these are the pin classes contained entirely in the upper half-plane. In Chapter 5 we initiate this programme of study by setting up a correspondence between the V-classes and binary sequences; this will prove to be a vital simplifying step in studying these classes systematically. We make a digression in Chapter 6 to briefly study binary factorial languages: this will equip us with the language and machinery required to describe a large collection of V-classes defined by avoidance, many of which will prove indispensable in constructing the growth rate bounds required in the remaining chapters. In Chapter 7 we examine the finer structure of the so-called recurrent V-classes, demonstrating that the generating functions and bases of the classes in this large collection can be effectively determined subject to solving some combinatorial problems on binary factorial languages. Finally, in Chapter 8 we investigate the structure of the set V of V-class growth rates. We will discover a number of unexpected features of this set, including the existence of both intervals and gaps of V-class growth rates, as well as leaving many interesting open problems for further study.
We conclude in Chapter 9 by discussing some possible directions for further research, including a potential application to the classification of small infinite antichains
Apparatus and Actor-Network: The Case of International Architects and Contemporary Chinese Architecture
No full textThis thesis is developed by questioning the dichotomy of "part-whole" in traditional sociology and architectural studies. Specifically, these existing polarized studies mainly focused on the external "sociological explanation"1 at the macro level and the specific architectural design theory. By rethinking the relationship between the apparatus perspective and Actor-Network Theory, this research attempts to break the gap between the macro and micro levels and establish connections between the two. By investigating the specific cases of substantial architectural collaboration between China and foreign architects in the beginning of 21st century, this thesis deconstructs the operating logic of apparatus into specific narratives, and thus proved that apparatus can also become specific and have complex associations behind it. Furthermore, this thesis clarifies the distinction between state apparatus and architectural apparatus and explained why the government cannot fully control the latter. At the same time, this thesis hopes to arouse more thinking on the relationship between macro logic and specific narratives, and may expand it to a wider range of sociological fields