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Beyond Binary: Towards Embracing Complexities in Cyberbullying Detection and Intervention - A Position Paper
Get PDFIn the digital age, cyberbullying (CB) poses a significant concern, impacting individuals as early as primary school and leading to severe or lasting consequences, including an increased risk of self-harm. CB incidents, are not limited to bullies and victims, but include bystanders with various roles, and usually have numerous sub-categories and variations of online harms. This position paper emphasises the complexity of CB incidents by drawing on insights from psychology, social sciences, and computational linguistics. While awareness of CB complexities is growing, existing computational techniques tend to oversimplify CB as a binary classification task, often relying on training datasets that capture peripheries of CB behaviours. Inconsistent definitions and categories of CB-related online harms across various platforms further complicates the issue. Ethical concerns arise when CB research involves children to role-play CB incidents to curate datasets. Through multi-disciplinary collaboration, we propose strategies for consideration when developing CB detection systems. We present our position on leveraging large language models (LLMs) such as Claude-2 and Llama2-Chat as an alternative approach to generate CB-related role-playing datasets. Our goal is to assist researchers, policymakers, and online platforms in making informed decisions regarding the automation of CB incident detection and intervention. By addressing these complexities, our research contributes to a more nuanced and effective approach to combating CB especially in young people
The Well-Being of Early Childhood Providers in Ireland
Get PDFEarly childhood professionals play a critical role in the lives of the children they work with, and their psychological well-being significantly impacts this relationship. Over recent years, societal changes, coupled with new policy, has increased the demands and pressures faced by these professionals. Therefore, the current mixed methods study set out to explore the well-being of early childhood providers (i.e., owner, owner-managers) in Ireland. In total, 489 participants completed the anonymous online survey, which included the WHO-5 questionnaire and an open-ended question that explored reasons for any stress experienced in the previous 2-week period. Almost 60% of participants scored 50 or lower and over 20% scored 28 or lower, indicating poor well-being and potential depression. The majority of participants reported feeling stressed in the 2-week period prior to completing the survey and frequently cited work-related issues as being the source of their stress. The major themes that emerged were burden of administration, overwhelming financial pressure, and staffing issues. These findings indicate that early childhood providers would benefit from bottom-up and top-down assistance to positively support their well-being. This is vital if they are to thrive in their professional roles and provide high quality, transformative experiences for our children
Roadside object geolocation from street-level images with reduced supervision
Get PDFWe propose a method for automated detection and
geolocation of roadside objects from street-level images by leveraging historical records of these objects. Such partial and/or noisy
geo-records are often held by infrastructure owners and require
frequent updating. We aim to reduce the amount of imagelevel supervision required for the deployment of deep learning
methods to geolocation problem from segmentation masks (very
costly) to binary image labels (lower cost). Our proposed method
integrates an image classification deep learning pipeline with
Grad-CAMs and watershed transform to identify the positions
of roadside objects of interest in the images. The geolocation
is performed by deploying the existing Markov Random Fieldbased optimization module. We analyze the robustness of the
proposed low-supervision geolocation model to noisy records. We
report experiments for the detection of traffic lights and public
bins, with geolocation of the latter performed in central Dublin
Subverting oppressive structures: on kelinhood, solidarity and feminist research in the bazaars
Get PDFFeminist principles in research emphasise acknowledging differences to address power imbalances. Taken at face value, discussions on positionality tend to prioritise differences, often turning into mere declarations of the researcher’s social privilege. To counterbalance this
tendency, I highlight the critical importance of also focusing on shared experiences between the researcher and research participants. Based on my feminist ethnographic fieldwork, this research note reflects on my positionality as an Uzbek musofir (migrant) kelin (daughter-inlaw) conducting PhD research on the lived experiences of women in Tashkent’s bazaars. It illustrates how my complex, intertwined identity as a locally-raised and foreign-educated musofir kelin initially posed challenges in accessing the field and building trust with participants. Yet, it also highlights how, in addition to the shared experience of musofirchilik, the oppressive experience of kelinhood can be subverted to build solidarity and rapport with the women in the bazaars, transforming an oppressive experience into subversive solidarity
Balancing Act: Germany's Multifaceted Approach to Cybersecurity in the EU Space Domain
Get PDFThis article examines cybersecurity within the European Union's Space Programme, with a focus on Germany's proactive approach. As space-based assets become increasingly vital for essential services, cybersecurity in space has emerged as a universal imperative. The central research question addressed is: “What strategies does Germany employ to enhance cybersecurity in the EU space sector, and how do these strategies balance national and collective security interests?". Germany's strategies in cybersecurity, public-private collaboration, and
supply chain security are analysed, highlighting its efforts to fortify cosmic frontiers and enhance European cyber resilience.
Germany's Federal Space Strategy demonstrates the country’s commitment to balancing national autonomy with collective security, while technical initiatives led by the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) showcase adaptability in addressing evolving cyber threats. In this context, the article also discusses the challenges and potentials of a coordinated EU-wide approach versus individual member state strategies in enhancing space cybersecurity.
Through a balanced discussion, the article explores how Germany's approach offers insights for shaping future cybersecurity policies for the space sector at both national and EU-wide levels. By navigating the complexities of space cybersecurity while balancing autonomy and cooperation, Germany emerges as a pivotal case study, offering valuable lessons for addressing global vulnerabilities and shaping the future of space security
The drivers of family business succession intentions of daughters and the moderating effects of national gender inequality
Get PDFThis study explores the drivers of succession intentions among daughters of family business owners. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and using a dataset of 7,798 daughters from 44 countries, we find that parental instrumental support and family business work experience positively influence the family business succession intentions of daughters. Moreover, subjective norms moderate these relationships, demonstrating the role that social groups play in the formation of succession intentions. Our results also point to a systemic national gender gap effect on the succession intentions of daughters
Democracy's Guardians: Decoding Populism's Impact on Teachers in Europe
Get PDFThis proposal presents the results of a three-year European comparative research project focussing on the rise, influence, and impact of populism on young people in Europe. The research explored intricate relationships between populism and education in four countries in Europe: the Republic of North Macedonia, the United Kingdom, Greece, and Ireland. The study, was conducted as part of the CitEdEv (Citizenship Education in the Context of European Values) research initiative supported by the EU’s Erasmus+ Jean Monet Network. The research aimed to investigate the complex and multifaceted nature of populism and its impact on educational landscapes, societal dynamics, and democratic values across European nations, both within and outside of the European Union. The research project sought to make EU citizenship education relevant to a context in which many children and young people are increasingly anxious and concerned about their futures in the face of populism, xenophobia, divisive nationalism, discrimination, fake news and misinformation, and the rise of right-wing politics in Europe, as well as the challenge of radicalisation.
The research anticipates highlighting the adaptability of populist narratives to diverse value systems, the challenges faced by educators in navigating complex landscapes, and the necessity for ongoing investigation and research. Additionally, the study will produce a casebook for educators which emphasises the pivotal role of education in addressing populist challenges, urging more explicit incorporation of populist themes into the curriculum (both formal and informal) to equip students with critical thinking skills, digital literacy, and skills required to interrogate knowledge and facts
"Male athletes play well to feel good, and female athletes feel good to play well": Attitudes, beliefs, and practices pertaining to perceived sex-related differences in communication and interpersonal approach of strength and conditioning coaches in international women's rugby union.
Get PDFEffective communication and rapport building with athletes are key tenets of coaching. As the majority of empirical evidence to date has adopted an androcentric view of strength and conditioning, a potential knowledge gap exists regarding sex-related differences in physical preparation and coaching approaches. Therefore, this study explored the attitudes, beliefs and practices of strength and conditioning coaches (n = 8; M/F, 6/2) in elite level (international) women's rugby union using semi-structured interviews (mean ±standard deviation duration 59 ± 15 min). The interviews explored differences in coaching practices for elite female rugby players compared to males, with a specific focus on the interpersonal aspects of the athlete-coach relationship. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to generate a rich qualitative dataset. The analysis resulted in the identification of higher order themes: athlete engagement, and interpersonal approach. The coaches in this study consistently perceived important differences between male and female players in factors related to engagement and interpersonal approach. Coaches adopted differing coaching practices for male and female athletes. This study provides important contextual evidence for the understanding of differences in the interpersonal relationships of female rugby players compared to male athletes from the perspective of elite-level strength coaches
Digital and green: reconciling the EU twin transitions in times of war and energy crisis
Get PDFThe Next Generation EU plan has significantly invested into the digital and green transitions to increase the resilience and boost the recovery of the European Union after the Covid-19 pandemic. The recent geopolitical developments following the Russian invasion of Ukraine have provoked an unprecedented energy crisis in the EU. This chapter aims to analyse the digital and green transition strategic plans of the EU in such a complex post-pandemic context. The digital can be a powerful driver of the green transition thanks to its potential to help societal actors manage resources and infrastructures more efficiently. However, fostering a digital Europe cannot occur without climate considerations, due to environmental impact of digital technologies on energy consumption and raw materials. While EU digital sovereignty ambitions seem to be undermined by the current geopolitical situation, the current energy crisis generate both positive and negative effects on EU decarbonisation strategies
Conducting research within the acronym: Problematizing LGBTIQ+ research in psychology
Get PDFLGBTIQ+ research acknowledges shared experiences of groups marginalized due to gender identities, sexualities, and sex characteristics. This universalist coalition approach has resulted in much affirmational research and progressive policy development. However, it risks homogenizing the unique experiences and needs of specific groups; a risk lessened by a particularist subgroup approach. In this theoretical paper, we reflect on the challenges of a coalition or subgroup approach by considering interdependencies and boundaries between sex, gender, and sexuality-based identities. Through tracing the historical development of LGBTIQ+ research and activism and using examples from intersex studies, intersectionality, and political actions, we explore tensions between the collective identities that make up the LGBTIQ+ acronym. We further offer suggestions for reimagining LGBTIQ+ research, advocating for community-driven approaches that respect the situated knowledge of LGBTIQ+ individuals, and use adaptable and inclusive research practices that bridge academia and activism that aim to improve the lives of the marginalized