Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
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Multi-component sorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)\ud onto low-cost mineral adsorbent.
No full textMulti-component sorption studies were carried out for attenuation of divalent heavy metal cations (Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) by a low-cost mineral adsorbent from the aqueous solution. Kinetic and equilibrium batch-type sorption experiments were conducted under variable conditions for multicomponent using low-grade (<12%P2O5) phosphate rock. Percentage of multiple heavy metal species removal increases with decreasing initial metals concentration and particle size. The equilibrium data were well described to a lesser extent by Freundlich model but Langmuir model seemed\ud
to be more appropriate with the fixation capacity obtained at room temperature for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ was 227.2, 769.2 and 666.6 �mol g−1, respectively. Two simple kinetic models were tested to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Rate constants have been found nearly constant at all metal concentrations for first order. The comparison of adsorption capacity of low-grade phosphate rock decreases in multi-component system as compared to single component due to ionic interactions. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique was used to ascertain the formation of new metal phases followed by surface complexation. Used adsorbents have been converted into a value added product by utilizing innovative Zero-waste concept to solve the used adsorbents disposal problem and thus protecting the environment
Coal fly ash utilization: Low temperature sintering of wall tiles.
No full textWe present here a study of the sintering of fly ash and its mixture with low alkali pyrophyllite in the presence of sodium hexa meta phosphate (SHMP), a complex activator of sintering, for the purpose of wall tile manufacturing. The sintering of fly ash with SHMP in the temperature range 925–1050 °C produces tiles with low impact strength; however, the incremental addition of low alkali pyrophyllite improves impact strength. The impact strength of composites with ⩾40% (w/w) pyrophyllite in the fly ash–pyrophyllite mix satisfies the acceptable limit (19.6 J/m) set by the Indian Standards Institute for wall tiles. Increasing the pyrophyllite content results in an increase in the apparent density of tiles, while shrinkage and water absorption decrease. The strength of fly ash tiles is attributed to the formation of a silicophosphate phase; in pyrophyllite rich tiles, it is attributed to the formation of a tridymite-structured T-AlPO4 phase. Scanning electron micrographs show that the reinforcing rod shaped T-AlPO4 crystals become more prominent as the pyrophyllite content increases in the sintered tile
Determination of aliphatic amines by high performance liquid chromatography-ampromatric detection after derivatization with napthaline -2, 3 dicarboxaldehyde.
No full textSliding Wear Characteristics of a Gray Cast Iron as Influenced by the Sliding Speed, Load and Environment.
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High-stress abrasive wear behaviour of Al-2014 alloy\ud and its SiC composite
No full textThe dispersoid Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) of the Al-Cu\ud
alloy have shown changes in their physical and mechanical properties over the base alloy and are seen as potential materials for use in different engineering components. The present paper compares the high-stress abrasive wear behaviour under different loads and ageing conditions (the cast and heat-treated conditions) of the alloy and the SiC dispersoid reinforced composite, prepared by adopting the liquid metallurgy route by stir casting. The wear rates were obtained and compared. It was found that the composite exhibited improved wear resistance (a lower wear rate) than the alloy in both the cast and aged conditions.\ud
The high-stress abrasive wear behaviour of the alloy and the composite in the cast and heat-treated conditions were carried out and the wear rate obtained was compared
Wear behavior of zinc based alloys as influenced by alloy composition, nature of slurry and traversal distance.
No full textIn this study, the influence of microstructural alterations brought about by adding silicon on the slurry wear behaviour of a zinc-based alloy has been investigated. Wear tests were conducted using sample rotation method at a speed of 4.71 m/s over a range of traversal distance and sand concentration in the test environment. The electrolyte (i.e. liquid part of the slurry) contained chloride and sulphate ions which are essential constituents of mine water.\ud
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The study suggests maximum wear loss and rate of the samples in the liquid-only medium. The presence of suspended sand particles in the liquid led to substantially decrease the wear rate/loss. A comparison of the wear response of the samples in the liquid plus sand environments showed that intermediate concentration, i.e. 40%, of the suspended sand particles in the test environment caused maximum wear rate/loss. However, this was substantially less than the liquid-only medium. The wear loss increased with traversal distance. The slope of the wear loss versus traversal distance plots was high initially followed by a reduced slope at longer traversal distances. This trend was very clearly visible in the liquid-only environment. Increasing traversal distance initially led to higher wear rate. This was followed by the attainment of a wear rate peak, a reduction in wear rate and finally a steady state wear rate at longer traversal distances. The average (cumulative) wear rate versus average (cumulative) wear loss plots showed acceleration, steady state and deceleration zones depending on the test conditions. Silicon particles, generated as a result of silicon addition in the alloy system, led to improved wear behaviour.\ud
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Observed wear characteristics of the samples have been explained on the basis of operating wear mechanisms such as corrosion, erosion and abrasion. Predominance of one mechanism of material removal over the other(s) and the nature of various reaction products formed on the affected surfaces were thought to be responsible for specific wear behaviour of the samples under a given set of conditions. Examination of affected surfaces and subsurface regions further supported the wear characteristics of the specimen
Thermal and Rheological Behaviour of Ultra-Fine Flyash Filled LDPE Composites
No full textThe specimens containing different volume fractions of ultrafine fly ash in LDPE were prepared with the help of two roll mixing mill and the hot-plate compression-molding machine. Thermal and rheological properties were evaluated using DSC and parallel-plate rotational-rheometer. The effect of composition variation on melt enthalpy, crystallinity, shear viscosity, shear stress and first normal stress difference was studied and reported here. The addition of ultrafine fly ash in LDPE decreased the melt enthalpy of the specimen. Slight decrease in the crystallinity of LDPE was observed on addition of fly ash. The shear stress as well as the shear viscosity both increased with the addition of ultrafine fly ash in LDPE. Two regions of shear thinning were observed at 200°C for fly ash filled LDPE. The first normal stress difference (N1) reduced with fly ash content and with the increased temperature. The values of N1 remained almost invariable at low shear region however a proportional increase was observed beyond the shear stress of 10 kPa. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 200
A Room Temperature Process for Making Mn2O3 Nano-Particles and g -MnOOH Nano-Rods
No full textCurrent interest in the properties of materials having grains in the nanometer\ud
regime has led to the investigation of the size-dependent properties of various dielectric and\ud
magnetic materials. We discuss two chemical methods, namely the reverse-micellar route\ud
and the polymeric citrate precursor route used to obtain homogeneous and monophasic\ud
nanoparticles of several dielectric oxides like BaTiO3, Ba2TiO4, SrTiO3, PbTiO3, PbZrO3\ud
etc. In addition we also discuss the synthesis of some transition metal (Mn and Cu) oxalate\ud
nanorods using the reverse-micellar route. These nanorods on decomposition provide a\ud
facile route to the synthesis of transition metal oxide nanoparticles. We discuss the size\ud
dependence of the dielectric and magnetic properties in some of the above oxides.\u