Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
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Influence of Wood Flour Loading on Tribological Behavior of Epoxy Composites.
No full textA series of wood flour (WF) filled epoxy composites consisting of five samples were prepared by varying the concentration of WF in step of 10 wt%. These samples were characterized for its wear behavior in abrasive and sliding wear modes to study the influence of WF. It was observed that specific wear rate (k0) of all the composites decreased with increasing load in sliding wear mode. Specific wear rate was of the order of 10−10 m3/Nm in abrasive wear mode and ∼10−14 m3/Nm in sliding wear mode. Composite containing 40 wt% WF exhibited the lowest specific wear rate in abrasive wear mode. While composite containing 20 wt% WF exhibited lowest specific wear rate in sliding wear mode. This was attributed to the fact that in abrasive wear mode, the wear debris consisting of mainly WF particles was maximum for 10 wt% composite and minimum for 40 wt% composite. In sliding wear mode, the exposed WF particles caused maximum roughening of steel counterface in the case of composite containing higher concentration of WF particles. Hence, they exhibited a higher value of specific wear rate
Attenuation of divalent toxic metal ions using natural\ud sericitic pyrophyllite.
No full textThe present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and ecofriendly alumino silicate clay mineral, sericitic pyrophyllite, as an adsorbent for the possible application in the removal of some divalent toxic metal cations such as Pb2+, Cu2+and Zn2+ from aqueous systems. Batch scale equilibrium adsorption studies were carried out for a wide range of initial concentration from 24.1 to\ud
2410 mmol L�1 for lead, 78.65 to 7865 mmol L�1 for copper and 76.45 to 7645 mmol L�1 for zinc solutions. The removal of Pb2+ was almost complete at low concentration (maximum lead removal capacity, LRC, 32 mg of lead/g of pyrophyllite) with 10 g L�1 of adsorbent in a 30 min equilibration time. The effects of temperature on adsorption of heavy metal ions were studied. The applicability of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption models in each case of lead, copper and zinc adsorption was examined separately at different temperatures. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and the Freundlich adsorption model was found to represent the data at different temperatures more suitably
Thermal and Rheological Behavior of Ultrafine Fly Ash\ud Filled LDPE Composites.
No full textThe specimens containing different volume\ud
fractions of ultrafine fly ash in LDPE were prepared with\ud
the help of two roll mixing mill and the hot-plate compression-molding machine. Thermal and rheological properties were evaluated using DSC and parallel-plate rotational- rheometer. The effect of composition variation on melt enthalpy, crystallinity, shear viscosity, shear stress and first normal stress difference was studied and\ud
reported here. The addition of ultrafine fly ash in LDPE\ud
decreased the melt enthalpy of the specimen. Slight\ud
decrease in the crystallinity of LDPE was observed on\ud
addition of fly ash. The shear stress as well as the shear\ud
viscosity both increased with the addition of ultrafine fly\ud
ash in LDPE. Two regions of shear thinning were\ud
observed at 2008C for fly ash filled LDPE. The first normal\ud
stress difference (N1) reduced with fly ash content\ud
and with the increased temperature. The values of N1\ud
remained almost invariable at low shear region however\ud
a proportional increase was observed beyond the shear\ud
stress of 10 kPa
Development and High stress abrasive behavior of milled carbon fibre reinforced Epoxy gradient composites.
No full textFormation and microstructure of (Ti, V) C-Reinforced iron matrix composites using self propagating high-temperature synthesis.
No full textThe combustion synthesis of (Ti, V)C-reinforced iron-matrix composites from elemental powders was examined. Examination using scanning electron microscopy indicated that two types of carbide particles were formed having a different size and composition from each other. These were sub-micron size (Ti, V)C particles and pure TiC or TiC-rich particles of a slightly larger particle size. The development of the microstructure and formation of the two types of carbides were explained through an understanding of the reaction mechanism and the thermodynamics of the carbide phases. Increasing the amount of vanadium in the reactants led to a decrease in the carbide and the iron grain size and to a corresponding increase in microhardness
Studies on water-injection cyclone for processing iron ore fines.
No full textAttempts are made to evaluate the feasibility of using a water-injection cyclone for the concentration of iron ore fines. The separation characteristics of clay fines, containing large amounts of alumina and silica, from the iron values are discussed. The effects of critical variables, such as injection water rate, truncated cone diameter, spigot opening and vortex finder diameter, on the performance of a water-injection cyclone in terms of iron, alumina and silica grades; iron recoveries; and alumina and silica rejections are discussed. A set of 16 full-factorial experiments (24) was carried out to gain an understanding of the individual and interaction effects of the variables. The results indicate that classifying iron ore fines containing 63.0% iron, 2.5% alumina and 3.5% silica through a water-injection cyclone can produce concentrates with iron grades greater than 66.0% and alumina and silica contents less than 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively, at different study conditions. The achievable iron recovery values are greater than 88%, and alumina and silica rejections are more than 80% and 50%, respectively, within the specific study conditions. While the truncated cone diameter, injection water rate and spigot diameter influences the alumina rejection to a considerable extent, it is mostly influenced by the vortex finder diameter. The iron recovery and silica rejection values are mostly influenced by spigot diameter and truncated cone diameter. The effect of injection water on the concentration characteristics depend on the prevalent truncated cone diameter and spigot diameter conditions
Effect of sintering temperatures on corrosion and wear properties of sol gel alumina coatings on surface pre treated mild steel.
No full textSol–gel alumina coatings were developed on the surface pre-treated (zinc-phosphated) mild steel substrate and subsequently sintered at 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C. The alumina sol was synthesised using aluminium iso-propoxide as a precursor material. FTIR of the boehmite (AlOOH) gel sintered at above-mentioned temperatures was employed to identify the presence of various functional groups. The microstructural features and the phase analysis of the sol–gel coated specimens were carried out using SEM and XRD respectively. The corrosion resistance of the sol–gel alumina coatings was evaluated by electrochemical measurement in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. The abrasive wear behaviour of the sol–gel coated specimens was measured in two body (high stress) conditions. The experimental results revealed that the sol–gel coated specimen sintered at 400 °C has superior wear and corrosion resistance properties as compared to the sol–gel coated specimen sintered at 300 °C. However, the sol–gel coated specimen sintered at 500 °C has exhibited a very poor corrosion and wear resistance properties. Poor performance of the sol–gel coatings sintered at 500 °C could be explained to be due to (i) the presence of numerous cracks (ii) absence of organic groups in the coating
Dielectric Behaviour of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene (MA-g-PP) Modified Sisal Fibre Reinforced PP Composites
No full textSisal fiber reinforced polypropylene composites having different weight percent sisal fiber with and without Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAgPP) have been developed by melt mixing method. Dielectric properties such as ε′, tanδ, and a.c. conductivity of sisal fibers reinforced polypropylene composites with and without MAgPP have been determined. Dielectric constant, tan δ, and a.c. conductivity increases with increase in temperature at different frequencies. 10 wt% sisal fiber addition to PP gave two tanδ peaks. First peak appears at 90°C, which is similar to 5 wt% sisal fiber PP composite. Another peak appears at 105°C, which is due to the sisal fiber. MAgPP addition to sisal-PP composite suppresses the first 90°C peak. There is a peak that appears at 123°C, 126°C, 135°C, and 140°C in 1 phr (parts per hundred) MAgPP added sisal-PP composite. On adding 2 phr maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MagPP) to 5wt% sisal-PP composite the peak appears at 125°C, 128°C, 132°C, and 135°C. Peak is shifted to higher temperature side due to the improved bonding between the sisal fiber and PP matrix. The relaxation time values calculated at 70°C for sisal fiber/PP composites with and without MAgPP show that addition of sisal fiber decreases the relaxation time due to shortening of PP chains. Addition of low concentration of coupling agent increased the relaxation time and further increase of MAgPP concentration decreased the relaxation time value, increase is due to increased bonding between sisal fiber and polypropylene chains. Better bonding between fiber and polypropylene would have created hindrance in the movement of the dipoles, which would have increased the relaxation time