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    Tea as a Motivator for British Imperialism in China

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    This poster is based on a research paper that sought to find out what influence the tea trade had on developments in Sino-British relations in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Through research, the paper concluded that the strong British desire for tea influenced British attempts to change its relationship with China, as a more open China would lead to more and cheaper tea for Britain. Ultimately, this desire led to Britain flooding China with addictive, illicit opium, and waging the imperialistic Opium Wars against China

    The Use of Probability in Quantum Mechanics to Calculate Measurement Outcomes

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    The concept of probability can help measure some of the possible outcomes of different experiments in the field of quantum mechanics. Those experiments include Thomas Young\u27s double slit experiment, the Schrödinger equation, the wave function, and the Born Rule, which all make use of probability to predict the placement of certain subatomic particles including photons of light, in the experiments. In this project, the manner in which probability does this is explored in depth

    Learning Through Failure

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    This project focuses on the drawing technique by Henri Matisse. I used his work as inspiration to create a retractable bamboo stick for personal use

    Botticelli\u27s Adoration of the Magi: The Power and Beauty of Individual

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    Adoration of the Magi in Uffizi was a commission from banker Guasparre dal Lama for his chapel in Santa Maria Novella. The altarpiece was painted by the famous artist Sandro Botticelli. It illustrates one of the most famous scenes in the Bible: The Epiphany of the three Magi greeting the birth of Jesus who would bring salvation and peace to the world of sins. This beautiful piece now resides in Uffizi Museum in Florence. Adoration of the Magi represents the peak of Renaissance art, and carefully reflects the political message of Florence in the 15th century through the figures of the Medici. The impeccable details of each portrait in the painting not only praised who was included in it but also honors the humanism of the Renaissance

    An Investigation of Black and White College Students’ Knowledge About the Long-Term Effects of ACEs

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    In the past twenty years, multiple studies have shown the relationship between childhood adversity and later negative health consequences. Yet the extent to which the public is aware of this relationship is unclear. We surveyed Black and White college students about their knowledge of the long-term effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). Students read vignettes comparing children exposed and unexposed to ACEs, and predicted their mental, physical, and social health as adults. Participants were aware of the effect of ACEs on later mental and social health, but not as aware of the risks on physical health. Black and White students had similar knowledge, but Black students attributed some childhood adversity (e.g., physical abuse) as having less impact in adulthood than White participants. These results offer insight into the beliefs of college students and could serve as a basis for targeted interventions aimed at raising awareness and preventing adversity

    Public Landscapes

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    This chapter examines public lands as a central component in the American landscape. Opening with various expressions of how public lands are typically encountered in the landscape, the authors present a snapshot of where they are, what they are, and most importantly, why they matter (i.e., not only in terms of environmental conservation but in the way they reflect broader long-held values and unresolved tensions in American society). The next section offers a brief history of public lands by major type, including national parks and monuments, national forests and wildlife refuges, and BLM lands and wilderness areas. The third and final section discusses major themes in current public land literature, including the challenges of visitation and access, the rise of collaborative and cross-boundary ecosystem management practices, recent public land use conflicts (both reactionary and progressive), and the implications of climate change

    In the Bushes: The Secret History of Anglo-Iroquois Treaty Making

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    The scion of a wealthy family from Maryland\u27s Eastern Shore, Tench Tilghman had no previous experience in Native American diplomacy when the Continental Congress appointed him secretary for a delegation it sent to treat with the Haudenosaunee in 1775. He spent about a month in the Mohawk Valley and Albany on this mission, keeping a journal that detailed his experiences there. Tilghman was much more interested in recording his after-hours social life than anything related to the official proceedings. While much of what he wrote conveyed the snobbery that an eighteenth-century gentleman might have been expected to express about the people and living conditions he encountered in the back-country, Tilghman also wrote with enthusiasm about some of the experiences associated with treaty making. He admired the manners exhibited by the chiefs he encountered, described in detail an Indian dance, and praised the singing he heard from Native women who had converted to Christianity. Growing frustrated at one point with the slow pace of the diplomatic negotiations that were the raison d\u27être for his trip, Tilghman wrote, An Indian Treaty is by the by but dull entertainment owing to the delay and difficulty of getting what you say, delivered properly to the Indians. Yet, the rest of his journal tells a different story: for a novice such as himself, a treaty conference was a singular kind of event that exposed participants to new sights and sounds and to an impressive cross section of Native and early American society. [excerpt

    Faculty Meeting Minutes - October 5, 2023

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    Minutes of the Gettysburg College Faculty Meeting, October 5, 2023

    Accessing History in Gettysburg: A Study of Accessibility of Public History Institutions

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    Based on field observation and interviews with staff, this paper evaluates the state of accessibility in five Gettysburg public history institutions in the summer of 2022. Evaluation criteria for field observations were determined based on a critical disability studies approach, focusing on disabled people’s accounts of these and similar institutions. The research revealed areas of success and failure in current accessibility measures, as well as ongoing projects to increase accessibility in most institutions. The rubric developed here could be refined and used as a research tool or an institutional planning tool

    Complete Genome Sequences of Two Temperate Bacillus subtilis Phages Isolated at Tumamoc Hill Desert Laboratory

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    Bacteriophages are important in structuring bacterial communities, including desert soils dominated by Bacillus species. Here, we describe two genetically similar temperate phages isolated on a Bacillus subtilis strain from soil in Tucson, Arizona. Their double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes contain 98 and 102 genes, with a set of 4 genes being found in only one phage

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