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Leader Age and Conflictual Behavior in International Relations
Get PDFThe United States 2020 election of Joe Biden over Donald Trump led many Americans to argue the need for younger politicians and presidential candidates, as they had concerns that older presidents, like Trump and Biden, were unfit mentally and physically to lead the nation. In particular, some expressed fears that these leaders, because of their age, would be more likely to engage the United States in or escalate interstate disputes. Scholarship in the field has found conflicting results, with Horowitz et al. finding older leaders are more likely to engage their states in interstate disputes, while Bertoli et al. found the same for younger leaders. This paper reviews these works, which leads to a detailed analysis of the variable of age. I find that age cannot be isolated as the primary variable influencing conflictual behavior in world leaders, as there are simply too many factors confounding their behavior. This finding suggests that leaders, as human beings, are complex actors in international relations, and their decision-making and behavior cannot be attributed to one variable, such as age
A Place Called Yellowstone: The Epic History of the World\u27s First National Park
No full textIt has been called Wonderland, America’s Serengeti, the crown jewel of the National Park System, and America’s best idea. But how did this faraway landscape evolve into one of the most recognizable places in the world? As the birthplace of the national park system, Yellowstone witnessed the first-ever attempt to protect wildlife, to restore endangered species, and to develop a new industry centered on nature tourism.
Yellowstone remains a national icon, one of the few entities capable of bridging ideological divides in the United States. Yet the park’s history is also filled with episodes of conflict and exclusion, setting precedents for Native American land dispossession, land rights disputes, and prolonged tensions between commercialism and environmental conservation. Yellowstone’s legacies are both celebratory and problematic. A Place Called Yellowstone tells the comprehensive story of Yellowstone National Park as the story of the nation itself.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1203/thumbnail.jp
How Did the Deer Cross the Road? Reducing Habitat Fragmentation and Wildlife-Vehicle Collision Deaths through Connective Conservation in the South Mountain Region, Pennsylvania
Get PDFWhile some deleterious effects of road networks and the vehicles that travel them– such as pollution, fossil fuel extraction, and carbon emissions– are widely recognized, their significant role in causing an estimated one million wildlife deaths per day (Shilling et al., 2021) and contributing to habitat loss and degradation, the leading causes of global biodiversity decline (Pinto et al., 2023), has garnered less attention. Connective conservation policies, such as designating wildlife corridors and constructing wildlife crossings on roadways, have been proposed as a means of mitigating these repercussions. This study proposes a connective conservation plan addressing the logistics of a wildlife crossing, an estimated budget, potential funding sources, and stakeholder opportunities with the objectives of reducing deer habitat fragmentation and wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) in the South Mountain region (SMR) of Pennsylvania. To inform the proposal, we interviewed local experts, reviewed relevant literature, and contextualized current management strategies in the national, state, and regional policy landscapes of the issue. We then conducted a GIS analysis that overlaid densities of WVCs from PennDOT’s public crash database with suggestions from previous literature on suitable deer habitat (Bolivar-Cime & Gallina, 2012, Eckrich et al. 2020, Jeong et al. 2015). These insights resulted in five priority road segments where wildlife crossings would be most effective in the SMR to reconnect deer habitat and reduce their road-related mortality. We found that from 2004 to 2023, deer-related vehicle collisions in the SMR steadily increased from 62 to 155 per year with almost 190 square miles (sq. mi) of the SMR considered exceptionally suitable deer habitat, most of which are highly fragmented in and to the east of Michaux State Forest. Out of the five priority locations, we recommend constructing an underpass along US-15 along S Cherry Lane in Dillsburg, PA, due to its elevated topography, potential to aid multiple species by featuring a stream, and ability to foster safer travel for deer between adjacent State Game Lands
The Faculty Notebook, September 2024
Get PDFThe Faculty Notebook is published periodically by the Office of the Provost at Gettysburg College to bring to the attention of the campus community accomplishments and activities of academic interest. Faculty are encouraged to submit materials for consideration for publication to the Associate Provost for Faculty Development. Copies of this publication are available at the Office of the Provost
Joke Capital, Punching Up/Punching Down, and Accounting for the Ethical Relation between Joker and Target
No full textThe currently dominant view concerning humor ethics is punching up/punching down. According to this view, members of one community with less social capital are allowed to make jokes at the expense of another with more social capital as a means of achieving social justice, while those in a community with more social capital are forbidden from making jokes about those with less. The latter is considered an act of bullying, which further entrenches pre-existing social injustice. While there is value in the moral intuitions that underlay this view, it falls prey to several problems. A new approach, the joke capital approach, is introduced which has the virtue of accounting for the cases in which punching up/punching down is effective but also is capable of handling the problematic cases
Türkiye: Home State Reimagined
No full textAccording to Türkiye’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, there are approximately 6.5 million Turkish people living abroad. With national communities in more than seventy nations, the Turkish diaspora has a global reach. This chapter examines Türkiye’s relations with its national communities abroad. Over the decades, Türkiye reimagined its relationship with its citizens abroad, which in turn allowed national communities abroad to reimagine their home state. In the early years of labor migration, Türkiye focused on economic benefits such as remittances. Later on, Ankara noticed the public policy potential of national communities living abroad. With widening diplomatic support and an increase in selective cultural engagement, Türkiye expanded its reach to overseas communities. While diplomatic services benefited all, some forms of cultural support targeted conservative populations. Domestic security concerns also led to an interest in understanding the political leanings of the diaspora
Inventors of Ideas: Introduction to Political Thought
No full textInventors of Ideas (4th Edition) introduces readers to the works of key figures in the history of political thought, situating them in history while also shedding light on current political questions. Designed to identify, contextualize and connect core ideas from commonly taught texts, this volume is an asset to instructors from a variety of backgrounds in the social sciences and humanities. Thoroughly revised and updated to be both rigorous and accessible, the 4th Edition covers the traditional canon while also adding expansive coverage of previously neglected voices. New contributions include writings from Christine de Pizan, Harriet Taylor Mill, Abū Nasr al-Fārābi and W.E.B. du Bois. It gives students the practical and historical foundations with which to critically engage with contemporary political issues.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1209/thumbnail.jp
Liberal Education, Moral Agency, and a Flourishing Life
No full textThis book provides a more overarching, inclusive, appraisal of “human flourishing,” especially as it applies to the larger society and higher education. In an increasingly fractured world, it is imperative that both internal (individual) attributes of that notion be juxtaposed with external (social, economic, and political) factors that may either enhance or constrain development toward a more fulsome realization of “human flourishing.” The text focuses more on external contingencies since that side of the equation has been more submerged through history than the former model. Thus, the chapters take on a kind of Deweyan approach in that they simultaneously treat school and society, rather than a narrow look at only higher education. The methodological lenses for the book include critical pedagogy, critical social theory, philosophical analysis, and qualitative research.The volume uses the term “human flourishing,” as opposed to “human thriving,” because (1) it connotes a fuller flavor for the means and ends in developing both individuals and societies; (2) “thriving” sometimes connotes a sense of status, a problematic aspirational goal; (3) more universities and colleges are creating “centers for human flourishing,” as in the case of Baylor, Harvard, Notre Dame of Maryland, and Stanford. In sum, “human flourishing” seems more attuned to the larger aims of liberal education, building a good life and a saner society, and the forging of continuous efforts toward higher ethical aims. Indeed, it is more synonymous with fulsome growth in individual identity and the enrichment of cultural development within a pluralistic world.
DeNicola\u27s chapter argues that liberal education aims to help students envision and pursue a flourishing life. A key component is the development and equipping of moral agency, which includes morally relevant capacities and skills, character, moral understanding, and the making of moral commitments
Not All “Small Business” Is the Same, and I-O Has Shoulders to Stand On
Get PDFIn this commentary, Dr. Brawley Newlin highlights the wide-ranging definitions of small business and the challenges - but necessity - of doing interdisciplinary research to better understand small business operations
Cross-Cultural Evidence for an Association Between Agreeableness and Sweet Taste Preferences
No full textResearch has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. This association may be due to conceptual metaphors (a “sweetie”) that link sweet taste experiences to niceness. This research team examined the replicability and cross-cultural consistency of this effect in four samples from different countries (China, Germany, Mexico, & the U.S.). Participants (N = 1,629) completed a measure of agreeableness and two measures of sweet taste preferences. They found that agreeableness was significantly and positively correlated with two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all four samples with small effect sizes (rs = 0.10 to 18). The association between agreeableness and a sweet taste preference appears replicable and occurring across cultures at least in the samples studied