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When We’re Connected to a Community, We’re Less Likely to Be at War with It: The Effect of Strong Civil Society on Civil War Onset and Incidence
Get PDFI argue that a strong civil society suggests the existence of institutions that provide alternate mechanisms to reduce grievance as well as opportunities for public problem solving, which, in turn, should result in a decreased probability of civil war onset as well as decreased civil war incidence (a proxy for civil war duration). Controlling for per capita GDP, ethnic fractionalization, regime type, and population -- the measures that tend to have the strongest association with civil war onset and incidence -- I find that the presence of strong civil society does, indeed, have a negative and statistically significant association with probability of civil war incidence, though not (at the 95% confidence level) with civil war onset. Nevertheless, insofar as civil society can emerge absent broader societal changes such as the expansion of economic opportunity, this research has broad policy implications for governments and international organizations seeking to alleviate the tolls of war
Today\u27s Fibromyalgia
Get PDFFibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder which results in widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and emotional distress (CDC, 2017). It is also associated with abnormal pain processing. About 2% of US adults have Fibromyalgia, and the disease is more common in middle-aged women, particularly those who have other illnesses like Lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis (CDC, 2017). The exact cause of the disease is unknown, but it is likely a combination of genetics, infections and physical and emotional trauma. Since the exact cause of Fibromyalgia is unknown, treatment options vary. Medication, stress management techniques and an exercise plan are all examples of treatments used for Fibromyalgia. Treatment is important due to the negative impact Fibromyalgia has on life functioning. Fibromyalgia research has progressed in recent years as more clinicians put definitive diagnostic measures in place, researchers investigated various theories on causes and they have continued to explore new treatment options
The Actions and Reactions of Trajan and Decebalus: A Brief Reconsidering of the Causation of the Dacian Wars
Get PDFWhile one camp of historians have followed the words of Cassias Dio, that Trajan began the war to avenge the defeats of his predecessor Domitian and put down the ever growing power of the Dacians and subsequently was forced to fight a second war which was inevitably for conquest, the other camp argues that Trajan aimed for military glory and sought to conquer Dacia from the onset of hostilities. Neither camp has yet to conclusively utilize Decebalus’ and Trajan’s actions as a way to definitively prove their argument. By analyzing these two military leaders’ orders and strategies, it becomes clear that Trajan always intended for a large war of conquest and fabricated or at least distorted the truth to place the blame on the Dacians
Conflict, Alliance, Mobility, and Place in the Evolution of Identity in Portuguese Amazonia
No full textThis chapter reveals how the vast waterways of equatorial South America facilitated exploration and inter-ethnic contact that led to conflict as well as cooperation and migration. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Portuguese explorers, slave traders, and missionaries moved progressively upriver, descending natives to missions and settlements. Some Indian and African runaways subsequently escaped to riverine forests to evade exploitation. This chapter presents new evidence showing that runaways to remote tributaries would become the supposedly uncontacted “tribes” of twentieth-century ethnographers. Against the backdrop of the eighteenth-century demarcation of Spanish and Portuguese imperial boundaries, the occupation of geographic and ecological zones defined social and cultural identities
Harriet Tubman: A Life in American History
No full textHarriet Tubman: A Life in American History is an indispensable resource for high school and college students about the life and times of anti-slavery activist Harriet Tubman, who exemplifies how slaves took the initiative to free themselves and others.
Harriet Tubman served a pivotal role in leading slaves to freedom in the decade before the Civil War. This biography offers a demythologized chronicle of her life and work with information about her life as a slave, role as conductor on the Underground Railroad, work as a military scout during the Civil War, and postwar activism for blacks and women.
The book provides valuable context that situates Harriet Tubman against the backdrop of the slavery debate in antebellum America, and the hardships endured by ex-slaves in postbellum America. As such, the timeframe covers nearly a full century, from the first quarter of the 19th to the first quarter of the 20th. In addition to ten biographical chapters and a short timeline, Harriet Tubman includes an interpretive essay reflecting on her importance in American history. The volume also includes an appendix of primary documents about Tubman\u27s life and work, a bibliography, and a number of sidebars and short commentaries embedded in the text, inviting readers to explore connections between Tubman\u27s life and political, intellectual, and social culture.
Features: Provides readers with a comprehensive but readable account of Tubman\u27s life Provides readers with an overview of American abolitionism and the Underground Railroad Explores the pivotal role of religious faith in Tubman\u27s activism Suggests several comparisons between Tubman\u27s activism and current struggles for social justicehttps://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1162/thumbnail.jp
Myofascial Release
Get PDFFascia represents an intricate system of connective tissue that permeates throughout the human body. Its matrix of continuous fibers support, protect, divide and suspend both superficial and deep anatomical structures. While once thought to be a passive mesh network, new evidence suggests fascia is much more complicated. Now recognized as an active physiological component of the human body, myofascial health and function has been given much attention clinically. Of the techniques aimed to treat and restore fascial structure and function, myofascial release has been found to promote stability, increase range of motion and most importantly alleviate musculoskeletal pain. This form of soft tissue therapy deserves more academic and clinical attention for its positive effects on the fascial health
Thirty Two Days in the Argonne Offensive
Get PDFIt is manifestly impossible for one man, without access to official records, to write anything like a comprehensive history of the great Meuse-Argonne conflict. So no attempt will be made to write a history, but simply to describe some events, experiences, feelings, and hardships from the standpoint of a personal observer in the hope that they will provide to be typical of the experiences of the average Adams County boy who book part in that battle. [excerpt
The Warrior as Priest: Edmund Herring and the Call to the People of Australia
Get PDFProminent for his role in World War II in New Guinea, Sir Edmund Herring grew discouraged about his countrymen’s failure to sustain wartime spirit in a post-war era. In his view ‘faith and courage’ had been replaced by a national ethos of ‘gimme and get’. Charged by Prime Minister Robert Menzies with leading a national awakening, particularly as related to the threat of international communism, in 1951 Herring spearheaded a fervent ‘Call to the People of Australia’, which earned massive publicity, short-term engagement by up to a third of the population, but little long-term impact. To Herring’s frustration, a largely secular populace remained fixed in its commitment to pursuing life’s material opportunities and pleasures
A Secret in the Words Tales of Literature and Dissent in Communist Czechoslovakia
No full textIn order to better understand the parallel culture of the 1970s and 1980s Czechoslovakia, this paper aims to tell the stories of six members of the Czechoslovak samizdat community: Marie Klimešová, Ivan Lamper, Ladislav Šenkyřík, Tomáš Tichák, Jáchym Topol, and Jarka Vrbová. Through personal interviews with these individuals, we understand how editors, typists, artists, writers, translators, and readers played significant parts in this parallel culture as well as how these people continue to play important roles in society today. While the tales told here are only parts of the lives of six individuals, they help reflect the impact of an entire culture that led to the Velvet Revolution in 1989