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Unparalleled Opportunities or Unmitigated Risk? Economic Globalization and its Impact on State Capacity in the Developing World
Get PDFEconomic globalization is a phenomenon driving major developments in the international system. With the force of this phenomenon shaping events within states and interactions among them, the question of economic globalization’s impact on state capacity is worthy of an in-depth analysis. In this work I use economic globalization as the central explanatory variable and state capacity as the dependent variable and seek to establish an empirical relationship between the two that will offer the social science community a better understanding of how this phenomenon is shaping state capacity in developing countries. Based on available scholarship, I argue that economic globalization in its current form poses major issues for state capacity in developing states at international, national, and structural levels. I explore policy ramifications for the potential threat that economic globalization poses for that ability of state capacity in the developing world to mitigate economic globalization’s destabilizing effects
Criminal Justice Updates - November 2020
Get PDFThe Criminal Justice Update is a monthly newsletter created by the Adams County Bar Foundation Fellow providing updates in criminal justice policy coming from Pennsylvania\u27s courts and legislature as well as the US Supreme Court.
Contents:
Updates from PA Governor’s Office
Updates from PA Legislature
Criminal Law and Procedure
Updates from Courts
U.S. Supreme Court: Criminal Law & Procedure
PA Supreme Court: Criminal Law & Procedure
PA Superior Court: Criminal Law & Procedur
Local Perceptions of Change in Climate and Agroecosystems in the Indian Himalayas: A Case Study of the Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS) Landscape, India
No full textAgricultural communities in the Himalayas are especially vulnerable to the shocks of climate change. An improved understanding of how residents perceive changes to climate and agroecosystems is critical to creating and implementing locally appropriate adaptation strategies. In this study, we administered a questionnaire to 251 residents within 16 villages in and adjacent to the Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS), a culturally and ecologically important area in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The study area is rugged and remote, and the resource-dependent communities are among the least-studied of the region. Using the questionnaire, we investigated how residents perceive changes to climate and agroecosystems, how households are adapting, and whether perceptions and adaptations differ by demographic and livelihood factors. We used both quantitative (summary statistics, t-tests, and chi square tests) and qualitative strategies (interpretation of open-ended responses) to analyze the questionnaire results. A majority of respondents perceived an increase in many variables including flash flood/landslide events, total annual rainfall, average summer temperature, agricultural pests, crop failure, and crop raiding by wild animals. In most cases, perceptions did not vary by demographic or livelihood factors. However, larger landholders were more likely to perceive an increase in intense rain/snow, average annual rainfall, and wildlife sightings in fields. Most respondents reported that they were not adapting or planning to adapt to change. However, a few reported adaptation strategies such as changing crops and planting vegetation to stabilize soil, as well as pesticide use. Respondents believed that to effectively adapt they need assistance from outside institutions. Locally-based (panchayat) and state-level institutions were ranked as very helpful for adaptation, but the Forest Department, Government of India, and NGOs received lower rankings. Overall, the respondents demonstrated a high level of agreement in their perceptions of change and barriers to adaptation. The broad consensus among residents offers an important opportunity for consensus building and collaboration with local and national institutions. The study has implications for collaborative public works and research projects which can help to build trust, develop locally-appropriate adaptation strategies, reduce conflict with wild animals, share insights, and increase the visibility of local knowledge about climate and agroecosystems. Furthermore, the study illustrates how understanding the perceptions and insights of agricultural communities around protected areas can inform adaptation at the ground level
Military Occupation, Sexual Violence, and the Struggle over Masculinity in The early Reconstruction South
Get PDFThis inquiry centers on the way that sexual violence became the terrain upon which the struggles of the postemancipation and early Reconstruction South were waged. At the start of the Civil War, Confederate discourse played upon the fears of sexual violence engulfing the South with the invasion of Union armies. The nightmare never came to Southern households; rape was infrequently reported. However, Southern women, especially if they were African American, were subjected to sexual violence, which likely increased as the war dragged on. Sexual violence includes, but is not limited to, rape. Destruction of clothing, invasion of domestic spaces, and other actions could also constitute sexualized violence. With Confederate surrender came the ultimate humiliation to white Southerners: the military occupation of the South by United States Colored Troops. To white Southerners, occupation by USCTs marked the complete collapse of slavery and the inversion of Southern racial relations. Race and gender’s link in the 19th century South meant that the racial instability caused by military occupation would frequently be depicted in gendered discourses. Southern newspapers continually reported on sexual crimes committed by African Americans during 1865 and 1866 to justify white supremacist violence. The newspapers reportage of a rape committed by black soldiers in South Carolina marked a transition in white Southern discourses about black sexuality. Once described as docile and obedient, white Southerners now articulated a vision of hypersexual black men who threatened the purity of white Southern men. In retaliation for real and imagined “outrages” committed by African Americans, white vigilante groups engaged in violence that attempted to demonstrate the superiority of white masculinity. Lynch mobs were the most common public demonstration of white masculine power. Lynch mobs and “night-rider” organizations engaged in brutal attacks against black men for alleged sexual indiscretions
The Politics of Dissent: How Living Within the Truth Threatens Autocracy and Catalyzes Democratic Progress
Get PDFThis article examines Václav Havel’s The Power of the Powerless in the context of a broader ideation of dissent, primarily using Hannah Arendt’s The Origins of Totalitarianism and William Connolly’s The Fragility of Things as supplements. Havel’s argument remains relevant over thirty years after its initial publication, and his ideas regarding dissent as a fundamental challenge to authoritarian untruth are valuable and deserve further exploration. From this conceptualization, a “politics of dissent” is proposed as a means to express dissatisfaction with authoritarian government and to reevaluate democratic social and political discourse
Energy Demand and Economic Growth: Public Opinion and Mutual Exclusivity
Get PDFThe world is currently undergoing an energy transition from primarily fossil fuels to cleaner energy. The developing world is becoming more advanced, spawning relentless economic growth and an increase in energy consumption. Energy demand and economic growth are inextricably linked which poses a paradoxical question about future economic growth during a period of energy transition. Unfortunately, the transition requires large upfront costs with no guaranteed net benefit. A multitude of studies depict the impact of education, party identification, and age on how individuals perceive alternative energy. This study shows that views on governmental spending and party membership have a paradoxical relationship with the development of new energy sources. Republican individuals who support liberal economic views tend to be less supportive of the energy transition compared to their liberal or conservatively economic counterparts. This study posits that non-republicans, regardless of their views on the economy, are indistinguishable from fiscally conservative Republicans. The complexity between funding the energy transition and partisanship suggest that an individual’s perspective depends on their willingness to promote clean energy over other economic programs
The Lottery and Other Stories
No full textIn celebration of National Library Week 2020, Musselman Library held its seventh annual Edible Book Festival, which was held virtually due to the campus closure. Library staff, faculty, and students created many book-inspired treats to share with the campus community via social media. Entrants were awarded prizes in the categories of best look, punniest, best use of limited quarantine supplies, and best in show. The above creation is by John Dettinger.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/edible/1117/thumbnail.jp
One Fish, Two Fish, BREAD Fish, Blue Fish
No full textIn celebration of National Library Week 2020, Musselman Library held its seventh annual Edible Book Festival, which was held virtually due to the campus closure. Library staff, faculty, and students created many book-inspired treats to share with the campus community via social media. Entrants were awarded prizes in the categories of best look, punniest, best use of limited quarantine supplies, and best in show. The above creation, by Kim Longfellow, won Best in Show .https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/edible/1116/thumbnail.jp
The Faculty Notebook, April 2020
Get PDFThe Faculty Notebook is published periodically by the Office of the Provost at Gettysburg College to bring to the attention of the campus community accomplishments and activities of academic interest. Faculty are encouraged to submit materials for consideration for publication to the Associate Provost for Faculty Development. Copies of this publication are available at the Office of the Provost
“Peace for Our Time”: Past and Present Receptions of Neville Chamberlain’s Speech and the Munich Agreement
Get PDFThis paper covers British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain\u27s role in the Munich Agreement, as well as his September 30th speech in London, and explains how Chamberlain\u27s attempt to negotiate peace with Hitler was received by the public. This paper examines three major newspapers: The London Times, The Manchester Guardian, and The New York Times, to see whether the press interpreted Chamberlain\u27s negotiation with Hitler as a success or a failure. The paper also builds off of the newspapers\u27 coverage to explain how Chamberlain and his policy of appeasement have been perceived through present-day