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    Poetic Justice: Black Poets and the Movement for Black Lives

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    The Office of Alumni Relations sponsored a program with English Prof. McKinley Melton, Poetic Justice: Black Poets and the Movement for Black Lives. Prof. Melton discusses the work of Black Poets in response to structural racism and historical and contemporary struggles for social justice

    Some Corner Forever: The Imperial War Graves Commission and the Meaning of the Great War

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    This paper argues that sites administered by the Imperial War Graves Commission played a significant part in the British public’s mourning and understanding of the meaning of the Great War. Pilgrimages, due to their popularity, size, and accessibility, allowed the countless bereaved families to grieve the losses that they suffered during the war. Their visits to cemeteries were powerful experiences because of the painstaking work done by the IWGC to bury identified bodies, honor unidentified remains, and enshrined names for those whose remains could not be identified. The IWGC was a bureaucratic organization that overcame the cultural challenge posed by the question of how to memorialize hundreds of thousands of war dead. IWGC Director Fabian Ware oversaw the commission and was instrumental in creating a bond amongst the dead that redefined them to be an extension of the empire, in effect creating a constituency where the tombstones and memorialized names became grasped as a single entity.The IWGC relied on planned cemeteries and accompanying funerary, centered around the complex web of meaning that families, the nation, and the Empire assigned to the Great War. More than 100 years since the creation of the first IWGC cemeteries, the cemeteries remain a powerful reminder of the cost and meaning of the Great War

    Arithmetical Structures on Paths With a Doubled Edge

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    An arithmetical structure on a graph is given by a labeling of the vertices that satisfies certain divisibility properties. In this note, we look at several families of graphs and attempt to give counts on the number of arithmetical structures for graphs in these families

    Synthesizing the Sublime and Beautiful: Aesthetics in Shelley\u27s Hymn to Intellectual Beauty

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    As a Romantic poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley bristled at rationalistic attempts to definitively categorize the human condition. Taking Edmund Burke’s treatise “On the Sublime and Beautiful” as his chief foil, Shelley explored aesthetic categories that certain strains of Enlightenment thought had held apart from one another. In my brief exegesis of his “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty” from 1816, I build on Rudolf Otto’s concept of the numinous and the work of intellectual historian Frank Ankersmit to argue that Shelley presents a holistic account of experience with the ineffable

    Friends of Musselman Library Newsletter Fall 2020

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    From the Dean (Robin Wagner) On the Cover Fall Semester 2020: By the Numbers Library News New Services Here to Stay Student Studies Library Culture During Pandemic Flashback Mapping the Battlefield African-Americans at Gettysburg College: An Oral History Project Raymond Lee \u2761 Jim Hyman \u2769; Admissions Counselor, 1969-1970 Halbert R. Carmichael, Jr. \u2774 Donald L. Cooper, Jr. \u2774 Cyrus Tribue \u2777 Edmund Hardy \u2709 Spotlight: Buddy Glover A Continuing Fight: The Black Student Union A Sign of the Times: The Knoxville Exchange Black Voices Matter: African-American Speakers & Performers Library Bookshelf Books Podcasts African American Writers When Gettysburg Students Graced the Cover of a National Magazine (Michael J. Birkner) Recent Additions On the Ground: Bloody Sunday Family Donates Invaluable WWI Collection GettDigital: Imaginary Life on the High Seas From the Dean (cont.

    Inward Baptism: The Theological Origins of Evangelicalism

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    Inward Baptism analyses the theological developments that led to the great evangelical revivals of the mid-eighteenth century. Baird Tipson here demonstrates how the rationale for the new birth, the characteristic and indispensable evangelical experience, developed slowly but inevitably from Luther\u27s critique of late medieval Christianity.Addressing the great indulgence campaigns of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, Luther\u27s perspective on sacramental baptism, as well as the confrontation between Lutheran and Reformed theologians who fastened on to different aspects of Luther\u27s teaching, Tipson sheds light on how these disparate historical moments collectively created space for evangelicalism.This leads to an exploration of the theology of the leaders of the Evangelical awakening in the British Isles, George Whitefield and John Wesley, who insisted that by preaching the immediate revelation of the Holy Spirit during the new birth, they were recovering an essential element of primitive Christianity that had been forgotten over the centuries. Ultimately, Inward Baptism examines how these shifts in religious thought made possible a commitment to an inward baptism and consequently, the evangelical experience.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1172/thumbnail.jp

    La Peste y el Distanciamiento en El ganso de oro de Lope de Vega

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    Despite presenting a widespread threat during the Golden Age, the plague was rarely dramatized in comedias. Lope de Vega’s El ganso de oro serves as a notable exception to this general trend. With its blending of genres, from the pastoral to the palatial with a strong dose of magic, the play provides insight into life during such a time of pestilence. The current COVID-19 health crisis suggests a new reading of the work, which has previously suffered from a lack of critical attention. This article reviews the key role of the plague in El ganso de oro to highlight its main theme: distancing, understood through its physical, social, and emotional manifestations

    The Contradictions of Freedom: Depictions of Freedwomen in Illustrated Newspapers, 1865-1867

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    Between 1865 and 1867, artists working for Northern illustrated newspapers travelled throughout the South to document its transition from slavery to a wage labor society. Perceiving themselves as the rightful reporters of Southern Reconstruction, these illustrators observed communities of newly freed African American men and women defining their vision of freedom. Northern artists often viewed the lives of African Americans through the cultural lens of free labor ideology in their efforts to provide documentary coverage of the South as objective observers. This paper will examine how illustrations of Harper’s Weekly and Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper reveal the contradictions between free labor ideology and the realities of Southern black women during early Reconstruction. Freedwomen’s efforts to define their emancipation were dually confronted with Southern vigilante violence, discrimination, and oppression as well as Northern pressures to pursue wage labor and construct respectable households. These illustrations only offered narrow glimpses into the lives of African American women as artists sketched narratives Northerners could use to gauge the success of their free labor experiment

    The Crepe Gatsby

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    In celebration of National Library Week 2020, Musselman Library held its seventh annual Edible Book Festival, which was held virtually due to the campus closure. Library staff, faculty, and students created many book-inspired treats to share with the campus community via social media. Entrants were awarded prizes in the categories of best look, punniest, best use of limited quarantine supplies, and best in show. The above creation is by Erin McGrath.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/edible/1103/thumbnail.jp

    Evaluating Potential Effects of 2019 Australian Bushfires on Animal Species, Protected Land, and Land Cover

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    The 2019-2020 Australian bushfire event had exceptionally dry, hot conditions as well as high potential impacts on the country’s wildlife and natural resources. The purpose of the study was to analyze the potential impacts of the 2019 Australian bushfire event on animal species, protected land, and varied land cover types. The research question of this project is: how does the location of the Australian Bushfires of 2020 potentially impact animal species, protected land and national parks, as well as different land covers? Raster calculator was used to combine and classify layers from the MODIS Burned Area Product of burned (1) and unburned (0) areas from September through December of 2019. The combined burned layer was overlaid upon the Australia - Species of National Environmental Significance Database, Collaborative Australia Protected Areas Database, and MODIS Land Cover Type Yearly Global layer to identify burned animal habitats, protected areas, and land cover types. Many animal species’ habits burned in areas like eastern Australian forests, grasslands, and savannas but fire refugia may have provided protection for Blue Mountain Water Skinks and Southern Corroboree Frogs. Indigenous protected land had high burn percentages and were found in larger central regions while national parks burned less in comparison and were dispersed in smaller patches throughout the nation. Evergreen broadleaf forests, woody savannas, and non-woody savannas were the land cover types that burned the most, respectively. Bushfires can cause loss of habitat, decrease in biodiversity, and reduction in resources, however, these fires can be better regulated to help prevent future cases of similar damage in the future

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