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The Life and Legacy of James I, King of England
Get PDFAs the first member of the Stuart line to hold the Kingdoms of England, Ireland, and Scotland under his suzerainty, the life and reign of King James I was always going to mark a serious turning point in the histories of the lands under his control. The Tudors, who had dominated English politics, religion, and culture since the end of the War of the Roses, had been extinguished with the death of the childless Queen Elizabeth I. Their successors, the Stuarts, would find that their personal rule over the British Isles would mark some of the most defining moments in not only British political, cultural, and religious history, but that of the wider Western world as well. James I, the progenitor of this impactful tenure, would have a lasting influence on the reigns through both his life and his work. A monarch of scholarly persuasion, James I has left the historical record a number of personal works on political philosophy, theology, and proper monarchical conduct. Not content merely to rule while others debated political theory, James I was a very active and important participant in many of the philosophical debates over the role of a monarch in a commonwealth that raged through the early modern period in Europe. While the importance and impact of James I’s political philosophy can be seen immediately in his own reign, the ideas which he advanced and the lessons he imparted to his heirs clearly set the stage for the next hundred years of British history. Although the early Jacobean era often seems to be overlooked in the historical records in favor of the events surrounding the English Civil War, it is imperative to understanding James I’s life and legacy in order to explain the tumultuous events that would follow. James I’s prolificity as a writer has left contemporary historians with a number of important literary works and primary sources that help the chart both his personal history and the history of the kingdoms which he ruled. Chief among these documents are James I’s Basilikon Doron, The Trew Law of Free Monarchies (hereafter referred to as “The True Law of Free Monarchies” or “The True Law”), and his speech to Parliament in 1603. These three works each present primary source evidence of James I’s importance as a historical figure and, taken together, they are providential in understanding many of the dominant political, religious, and cultural issues of the Stuart era. By combining James I’s own words and works with more contemporary historical analyses of his reign and the context in which he was acting, the significance of James I’s life and legacy becomes truly apparent
Episode 13: What Being a “Gettysburgian” Means to Members of the Class of 2020
No full textIn Episode 13 of Conversations Beneath the Cupola, podcast host, Gettysburg College President Robert W. Iuliano, is joined by three members of the Class of 2020—Darby Nisbett, Jason Sinsheimer, and Jazmin Reynoso Ortiz. Iuliano asks the graduates to define what it means to be a “Gettysburgian” by reflecting on their time at Gettysburg College, sharing the lessons they learned, memories of the people and moments that shaped them, and more.
The episode begins with the graduates reflecting on their takeaways from the transition to remote learning during the spring semester, which was prompted by the COVID-19 outbreak. They discuss the challenges it presented, such as balancing the demands of homelife and schoolwork and being outside the residential learning environment, but also several positives, including the support of their dedicated faculty and the opportunity to learn to be more flexible. As the conversation continues, all three students agree that community is a special component of a Gettysburg College experience, and while remote learning has temporarily put a hold on in-person gatherings, the sense of community remains. They then reflect on the faculty members and courses they took at Gettysburg that had the greatest influence on them.
Later in the episode, the graduates share their advice to the incoming class of 2024: learn as much as you can, but don’t forget to have fun; step outside of your comfort zone; and seek out mentors.
The episode concludes with an anecdotal “Slice of Life” told from the president’s perspective.
Iuliano uses this moment to congratulate the Class of 2020 for their perseverance and accomplishments during their time at Gettysburg. While the entire College community cannot wait to celebrate graduates in person in October, Iuliano highlights the happenings of the Senior Celebration that will be held on May 17 to commemorate the Class of 2020’s original Commencement date
Comparative Study of the Rates of Dispersal of Triadica sebifera (Chinese Tallow) and Imperata Cylindrica (Japanese Blood Grass) in North America
Get PDFChinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera) and Japanese Blood Grass (Imperata cylindrica) are two invasive species that wreck havoc on their invaded areas by reducing the biodiversity of their new environments. We studied the rate of dispersal of these two species in North America to determine which species spreads faster. We hypothesized that Chinese Tallow spreads faster than Japanese Blood Grass since Chinese Tallow was introduced in North America long before Japanese Blood Grass and has a greater number of seed dispersal methods (e.g. wind, water, bird, etc.) than Japanese Blood Grass. To test our hypothesis, we collected the record of Chinese Tallow and Japanese Blood Grass in North America from their year of introduction to present and determined the area covered by each species individually over time. After comparing the range covered by the two species over time, we observed that though Chinese Tallow spread faster in its early years, yet in sum, Japanese Blood Grass spreads faster than Chinese Tallow, which opposes our hypothesis. For the log transformed total range difference of Japanese Blood Grass subtracted by Chinese Tallow 70-120 years after introduction, our equation for the trendline was y= =-0.0302*x + 3.39 with an R^2 value of 0.934. This negative slope evident from the trendline refutes our initial hypothesis. For the data analysis, our t=-5.31, d.f=2, p(one-tailed)=.016842. Based on our experiment, it was clear that the rate of dispersal of the Japanese Blood Grass in North America is increasing at an alarming rate and it is necessary to control this species as it is extremely harmful for the environment and biodiversity. As our data showed that the rate of dispersal of the Chinese Tallow is decreasing, the management methods for the Chinese Tallow can be studied to find effective ways to control the Japanese Blood Grass