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    Interview with Kim McCray Sakil, May 10, 2021

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    Kim McCray Sakil was interviewed on May 10, 2021, by Devin McKinney about her early life, her education at Gettysburg College, and her subsequent professional life. Collection Note: This oral history was selected from the Oral History Collection maintained by Special Collections & College Archives. Transcripts are available for browsing in the Special Collections Reading Room, 4th floor, Musselman Library. GettDigital contains the complete listing of oral histories done from 1978 to the present. To view this list and to access selected digital versions please visit https://gettysburg.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16274coll2/search

    A Biological Assessment of Water Quality in El Placer, Ecuador: The Effect of Agriculture on Stream Health and the Quality of Historical Versus Current Drinking Water Sources

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    Although fresh water is one of Ecuador’s most abundant resources, high quality drinking water for its inhabitants is scarce (Wingfield et al., 2021). The most prevalent sources of water pollution in Ecuador are domestic waste, silver and gold mining, oil production, and agricultural chemicals (Buckalew et al., 1997). El Placer, a village located in Tungurahua, Ecuador, is highly dependent on agriculture as a source of income. The first objective of this study was to determine the effect of agriculture on the El Placer’s Tía Anita Stream through comparing the water quality at three sites with varying agricultural influence. The second objective was to investigate the quality of El Placer’s historical and current drinking water sources. These objectives were carried out through comparison of chemical factors, physical factors, hydromorphological quality, and macroinvertebrate composition at each of the study sites. Macroinvertebrate and hydromorphological analyses agree that agriculture did have an effect on water quality in the Tía Anita Stream, suggesting that Site 3 (no agricultural influence) had higher water quality than Sites 1 and 2 (both were influenced by agriculture). Chemical analysis did not agree with these biological findings, but suggested that Site 1 had the lowest water quality, whereas Site 2 had the highest water quality. This inconsistency may have been due to physical factors such as stream velocity causing a higher sediment load in Site 1 (EPA, 1997). Macroinvertebrate, hydromorphological, and chemical analyses agree that Site 4, El Placer’s historical water source, had moderate water quality. It is important to note that, in the past, Site 4’s water quality was likely higher. Macroinvertebrate, hydromorphological, and chemical analyses agree that Site 5, a stream from El Placer’s current potable water source, had very good water quality

    The Faculty Notebook, September 2021

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    The Faculty Notebook is published periodically by the Office of the Provost at Gettysburg College to bring to the attention of the campus community accomplishments and activities of academic interest. Faculty are encouraged to submit materials for consideration for publication to the Associate Provost for Faculty Development. Copies of this publication are available at the Office of the Provost

    Interview with Glenn Cain, April 29, 2021

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    Glenn Cain was interviewed on April 29, 2021, by Devin McKinney about his early life, his education at Gettysburg College, and his subsequent professional life. Collection Note: This oral history was selected from the Oral History Collection maintained by Special Collections & College Archives. Transcripts are available for browsing in the Special Collections Reading Room, 4th floor, Musselman Library. GettDigital contains the complete listing of oral histories done from 1978 to the present. To view this list and to access selected digital versions please visit https://gettysburg.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16274coll2/search

    Understanding Poverty: Food Insecurity in Gettysburg, PA

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    This study informs on Gettysburgians’ experiences with health, nutrition, and the class structure. I conducted an ethnographic study based on a twelve-week volunteer experience with the food pantry in Gettysburg at the Adams County branch of South Central Community Action Programs. Experiencing the pantry for a 3-month period informed my understanding of nutrition and poverty in town. Extensive field notes and reflections were compiled to show the strength of the Gettysburg food pantry staff and community support system. This study also reflects on the limitations of the food pantry based on staff feedback and observation. The food pantry is much more than just monthly groceries for local families; the SCCAP pantry allows residents a place for support, love, and access to phenomenal resources to help families during hardship

    Altered Physiology of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents Following Neurotrauma

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    The adaptability of the central nervous system has been revealed in several model systems. Of particular interest to central nervous system-injured individuals is the ability for neural components to be modified for regain of function. In both types of neurotrauma, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, the primary parasympathetic control to the gastrointestinal tract, the vagus nerve, remains anatomically intact. However, individuals with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Such gastrointestinal dysfunctions attribute to higher morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. While the vagal efferent output remains capable of eliciting motor responses following injury, evidence suggests impairment of the vagal afferents. Since sensory input drives motor output, this review will discuss the normal and altered anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal vagal afferents to better understand the contributions of vagal afferent plasticity following neurotrauma

    Textbook Remix: An Introduction to LibreTexts for OER Editing

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    So, you’ve found an open textbook that you really like, but it’s not quite right for your class? LibreTexts might be the answer! Join us for this informal webinar to learn a little more about this online platform designed for customizing and distributing open textbooks. From Gettysburg College, Scholarly Communications Librarian Mary Elmquist will provide an introduction to the platform, its structure and features, and Dr. Alice Brawley Newlin, Assistant Professor of Management, will speak on her ongoing experiences using LibreTexts to edit and implement an open textbook for a Statistical Methods course. This session should provide insight for both instructors interested in LibreTexts for their own projects and for librarians and other staff on campus who work to support OER adoption. Please bring your questions, as there will be plenty of time for Q&A

    What Shall We Call God? An Exploration of Metaphors Coded From Descriptions of God From A Large U.S. Undergraduate Sample

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    People use numerous metaphors to describe God. God is seen as a bearded man, light, and love. Based on metaphor theories, the metaphors people use to refer to God reflect how people think about God and could, in turn, reflect their worldview. However, little work has explored the common metaphors for God. This was the purpose of the current investigation. Four trained raters coded open-ended responses from predominantly Christian U.S. undergraduates (N = 2,923) describing God for the presence or absence of numerous metaphoric categories. We then assessed the frequency of each of the metaphor categories. We identified 16 metaphor categories that were present in more than 1% of the responses. The top categories were “GOD IS POWER,” “GOD IS HUMAN,” and “GOD IS MALE.” These findings were similar across religious affiliations. We attempted to support our coding analysis using top-down and bottom-up automated language analysis. Results from these analyses provided added confidence to our conclusions. We discuss the implications of our findings and the potential for future studies investigating important psychological and behavioral outcomes of using different metaphors for God

    Complete Genome Sequence of the Pantoea Phage AH07

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    Bacteriophages of the phyllosphere have not been extensively described, despite their role in bacterial communities on this plant organ. Here, we describe a temperate Pantoea phage, AH07, that was isolated from the leaves of horse chestnut trees. The 37,859-bp linear double-stranded DNA genome contains 58 putative genes, including an integration cassette

    Public Safety Agencies and UAV Technology: A Review of Uses

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    This study utilizes a systematic review of some of the scholarly literature available on drone usage within Southern California, specifically in Los Angeles and Chula Vista. I ask: how do public safety agencies use drone technology? The review will cover cases from existing scholarly literature, as well as policy reports and books from the Google Scholar database. A systematic review was the best methodology to begin fully investigating my research question, since the scope could have been so large that individual data points would have been difficult to find and instead requires a macro-level review. This data will provide a foundation to function as a pre-study for scholars to use in future research and case studies. I chose this method since most academia has tended to examine the usage of UAV technology abroad or at the border, but the expansion of domestic drone usage by public safety agencies hundreds of miles from any border necessitates an understanding of their role in domestic policing. Using the approach described above, I will develop original data using the process of thematic coding to respond to the identified question to understand the real usage of drones and UAV systems in California

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