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Less Is More: Mindfulness, Portion Size, and Candy Eating Pleasure
No full textEating candy is pleasurable. Yet, eating candy in large quantities is not recommended. Manufacturers have consistently produced small portion sizes of a variety of candy. While consuming small versus large portion sizes is healthier, do people experience the same amount of pleasure from eating a small portion and does it matter how it is eaten? In a pre-registered study, we examined how candy portion size and mindful eating affected eating-related pleasure. Participants (N = 301) were randomly assigned to eat a small (113 calories) or large (210 calories) portion of a popular candy, Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups. They were also randomly assigned to eat the candy in a regular or mindful manner. We examined eating-related pleasure after consumption. We found that eating pleasure did not differ between portion sizes in the regular eating condition, but in the mindful eating condition, participants experienced more pleasure when eating the small versus large portion. Furthermore, participants experienced more guilt after eating the large versus small portion in the regular eating condition, but portion size did not affect feelings of guilt in the mindful eating condition. An awareness of such effects could encourage people to reduce the portion sizes of the candy they consume
Screening Salamanders for Symbionts
No full textMicrobial symbionts are broadly categorized by their impacts on host fitness: commensals, pathogens, and mutualists. However, recent investigations into the physiological basis of these impacts have revealed nuanced microbial influences on a wide range of host developmental, immunological, and physiological processes, including regeneration. Exploring these impacts begins with knowing which microbes are present. This methodological pipeline contains both targeted assays using PCR and culturing, as well as culture-independent approaches, to survey host salamander tissues for common and unknown microbial symbionts
Heaven Hung In Black: Grant’s Reputation and the Mistakes at Cold Harbor
Get PDFThis article examines Ulysses S. Grant’s command of the Union army after receiving his commission as Lieutenant-General through analyzing his decisions both before and during the bloody battle of Cold Harbor. By examining the various factors leading to his tactical decisions, including the ever-looming threat of the upcoming presidential election, the article questions whether or not his reputation as a butcher of his own men is truly deserved. That he made mistakes is undeniable, but the mess of Cold Harbor was not solely his fault. Through the use of a variety of biographies and personal journals and memoirs, the article points out the perfect storm of mistakes both on Grant’s part and that of his commanders, the pressure being faced from higher up in the chain of command, the horrible weather and conditions of the army, and the fact that Lee simply took advantage of every opportunity he was presented with
Presidential Use of Diversionary Drone Force and Public Support
Get PDFDuring times of domestic turmoil, the use of force abroad becomes an appealing strategy to US presidents in hopes of diverting attention away from internal conditions and toward a foreign policy success. Weaponized drone technology presents a low cost and potentially high-reward option to embattled presidents. While generally covert operations, drone strikes are frequently reported in the media, making them a viable diversionary tool. To gauge whether drone strikes are in fact capable of diverting the public’s attention, we surveyed 1198 Americans and find that a successful drone strike increases presidential approval despite a weak and sagging economy, and the impact of diversionary drone use is significantly greater than that which accompanies traditional diversionary methods