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The Double Burden of Racial Discrimination in Daily-Life Moments: Increases in Negative Emotions and Depletion of Psychosocial Resources Among Emerging Adult African Americans
Get PDFObjective: Racial discrimination is a common experience for African Americans, but no research has examined how discrimination reported in daily-life moments influences concurrent negative emotions and psychosocial resources. Method: Emerging adult African Americans (N = 54) reported hourly on momentary racial discrimination, negative emotions, and psychosocial resources across two days. Results: Controlling for past discrimination and trait emotion, momentary racial discrimination was associated with greater negative emotions and lower psychosocial resources (ps \u3c .05). The relationship between momentary racial discrimination and negative emotions was stronger among individuals residing in areas with fewer African Americans (simple slope p \u3c .0001). The relationship between momentary racial discrimination and psychosocial resources was stronger among individuals reporting greater past discrimination (simple slope p \u3c .0001). Vicarious discrimination (exposure to discrimination experienced by another person) was associated with higher negative emotions, p \u3c .01, but not with psychosocial resources. Conclusion: These results are the first to demonstrate that personal and vicarious racial discrimination are associated with negative emotions and lower coping resources in daily-life moments and that contextual factors modify these associations. Results refine our understanding of the immediate sequelae of discrimination in daily life and point to possible targets for ecological momentary interventions
Developing new faculty voice and agency through trustful, overlapping, faculty-faculty and student-faculty conversations
Get PDFFaculty-faculty conversations and student-faculty conversations typically unfold as separate forms of faculty learning. We present an approach to new faculty development through which faculty-faculty conversations in pedagogy seminars overlap with student-faculty conversations in pedagogical partnerships. Writing as three new faculty members and one academic developer in a bi-college consortium, we review scholarship on building trustful conversation in faculty development; present the overlapping forms of faculty-faculty and student-faculty conversation that constitute our approach; share how the three new faculty members developed voice and agency in their pedagogical practices; and note both challenges and other versions of this approach
Harnessing the NEON data revolution to advance open environmental science with a diverse and data-capable community
Get PDFIt is a critical time to reflect on the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) science to date as well as envision what research can be done right now with NEON (and other) data and what training is needed to enable a diverse user community. NEON became fully operational in May 2019 and has pivoted from planning and construction to operation and maintenance. In this overview, the history of and foundational thinking around NEON are discussed. A framework of open science is described with a discussion of how NEON can be situated as part of a larger data constellation—across existing networks and different suites of ecological measurements and sensors. Next, a synthesis of early NEON science, based on \u3e100 existing publications, funded proposal efforts, and emergent science at the very first NEON Science Summit (hosted by Earth Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder in October 2019) is provided. Key questions that the ecology community will address with NEON data in the next 10 yr are outlined, from understanding drivers of biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales to defining complex feedback mechanisms in human–environmental systems. Last, the essential elements needed to engage and support a diverse and inclusive NEON user community are highlighted: training resources and tools that are openly available, funding for broad community engagement initiatives, and a mechanism to share and advertise those opportunities. NEON users require both the skills to work with NEON data and the ecological or environmental science domain knowledge to understand and interpret them. This paper synthesizes early directions in the community’s use of NEON data, and opportunities for the next 10 yr of NEON operations in emergent science themes, open science best practices, education and training, and community building
The Neural Basis of Social Cognition in Typically Developing Children and Its Relationship to Social Functioning
Get PDFTheory of mind (ToM), the ability to think about the perspectives, beliefs, and feelings of another, develops throughout childhood and adolescence and is an important skill for social interactions. This study examines neural activity in typically developing children during a novel ToM task – the Movie Mentalizing Task– and tests its relations to ToM behavioral performance and social functioning. In this fMRI task, children ages 8–13years (N=25) watched a brief movie clip and were asked to predict a character’s mental state after a social interaction. Engaging in the Movie Mentalizing Task activated the ToM neural network. Moreover, greater neural activity in the ToM network, including the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus, was associated with better behavioral performance on independent ToM tasks and was related to better social functioning, though these results do not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Results offer a new affective theory of mind task for children in the scanner that robustly recruits activity in theory of mind regions
On the distribution of central values of Hecke L-functions
Get PDFQuestions regarding the behavior of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line 1/2 + it can be naturally interpreted as questions regarding the family of L-functions over Q associated to the archimedian characters ψ (k) = k -it at the center point 1/2. There are many families of characters besides those strictly of archimedean-type, especially as one expands their scope to proper finite extensions of Q. Consideration of these Hecke characters leads immediately to analogous questions concerning their associated L-functions.
Using tools from p-adic analysis which are analogues of traditional archimedean techniques, we prove the q-aspect analogue of Heath-Brown’s result on the twelfth power moment of the Riemann zeta function for Dirichlet L-functions to odd prime power moduli. In particular, our results rely on the p-adic method of stationary phase for sums of products and complement Nunes’ bound for smooth square-free moduli.
We additionally prove the frequency-aspect analogue of Soundararajan’s result on extreme values of the Riemann zeta function for Hecke L-functions to angular characters over imaginary quadratic number fields. This result relies on the resonance method, which is applied for the first time to this family of L-functions, where the classification and extraction of diagonal terms depends on the geometry of the associated field’s complex embedding
Exploration of the use of Palladium and Nickel to Catalyze Enolate Cross-coupling and the Enantioselective Mizoroki-Heck Reaction.
Get PDFPalladium catalysis is a common synthetic tool utilized by organic chemists to create carbon-carbon bonds. We utilized palladium to catalyze the γ-arylation of α, β-unsaturated ketones, and esters. This work expands on palladium-catalyzed α-arylation chemistry and extends it to the vinylogous variation at the γ-position. We report the regioselective synthesis of mono-γ-arylated 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin. We also report efforts towards applying our reaction conditions to other α,β-unsaturated ketones and esters to expand the scope of our reaction conditions.
In addition, we utilized palladium to catalyze the enantioselective asymmetric intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction to produce potentially bioactive phenanthridinone analogs. We achieve this through the Birch-Heck sequence, a 4-step sequence that includes Birch reduction/alkylation of benzoic acid, acid chloride formation/amide formation, triflation, and then the enantioselective Mizoroki-Heck reaction. In this process, we report N-H and N-Me phenanthridinone analogs\u27 synthesis. A protection/deprotection protocol was found to be the key to accessing phenanthridinone derivatives with N-H.
Besides palladium catalysis, we also explored conducting the enantioselective Mizoroki-Heck reaction with nickel. Nickel catalysis is a relatively new research area that has recently demonstrated success with the enantioselective intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction under mild conditions with high yields and ee values. We proposed that we may access a pathway that could increase our enantioselectivity under relatively mild conditions by using nickel. We report efforts to optimize the nickel catalyzed Heck reaction to minimize side products and to improve the yield of the desired 1,3-diene. In the synthesis of phenanthridinone analogs, we have demonstrated that the Birch-Heck sequence is a simple way of synthesizing chiral phenanthridinone derivatives with quaternary centers.
In total, three areas of transition metal-catalyzed reactions were explored. This involved cross-coupling between enolates and aryl halides and between aryl halides and alkenes. Strategies for enantioselective synthesis were developed, and potentially bioactive phenanthridinone structures were constructed. Finally, the cross-coupling studies looked at both palladium and, the more cost-effective, nickel in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction
Mirabile Dictu: the Bryn Mawr College Library Newsletter 24 (2021)
Get PDFhttps://repository.brynmawr.edu/mirabile/1025/thumbnail.jp
Building Bridges: Conceptualizing a Student-Teacher Partnership Program to Improve Pedagogical Practices
Get PDFTensions in Welcoming LGBT Older Adults: Discourses of Legitimization and Silence in a Senior Center
Get PDFResearchers are actively exploring how historical institutionalized silences contribute to health disparities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. Yet, none have considered LGBT elders within the specific context of community-based senior centers. My study addressed the research question: how does the discourse of senior centers create welcoming environments, or alternately construct silences, for LGBT older adults? Through an integrated conceptual framework engaging the critical lens of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice in tandem with conceptualizations of silence found in feminist theory and scholar of Black women’s intellectual history, I employed an embedded single case design (N=1) to provide an in-depth exploration of a senior center in the Pacific Northwest. Data collection included review of state, county, and organizational policy documents (n=11), key organizational outreach documents (n=4), interviews with senior center staff (n=4) and participants (n=18), and observations (n=15) of key routine activities. Using an analytic method combining the sensibility of critical discourse analysis with aspects of content analysis, I considered how the language of state, local, and organizational policy converges with organizational practices and the perspectives of senior center participants to construct the daily habits and rules of the senior center— and the implications for the positionality of LGBT older adults. Findings suggest an underlying tension between legitimization of LGBT identities and silence evident across policy, practice, and participant discourse. Implications for practice and future research are discussed and situated in emerging literature on LGBT institutional allyship