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THE INDIVIDUAL BETWEEN THE RESTRICTED AND THE ELABORATED LINGUISTIC CODE
No full textThe individual as a part of the society owns a very important element so that he can become part of it: the verbal communication. If we focus here we will see that the language user is the past, the present and the future of language itself. From one generation to the other, from one linguistic areal to the other, the language is in constant movement together with its users.
The question arises:
Does the change between the linguistic codes of the same language create a problem for the linguistic performance?
Does the society accept the users of restricted linguistic codes, or even prejudge them?
Can we talk about a linguistic prejudice in between of the users of the same language, even though modern societies are trying to fight any kind of prejudice and discrimination?
These questions take a great importance in the Albanian reality where even though there have been 50 years from the determination of the linguistic standard (the elaborated code), the debates and polemics between the academic and social groups continue to exist. The placement of one of the narrow codes ( the south’s tosk dialect) as a standard or as a elaborated code based on a political act of the communist dictatorship of that time has made the contradictions of the north dialect users even more apparent linguistically and politically. The users of Geg dialect live in between of two different realities the elaborated and restricted code. In this study we will analyze the results of a large scale questionnaire made in the north area, whose purpose was the identification of the linguistic individual’s problems while he is confronted with the standard language and also the results of another questionnaire made to the users of elaborated language and the dialect close to it, the tosk dialect
THE PICTURE OF ORIENTALISM COLORED BY THE CHARACTERS IN T HE B U D DHA O F S U B U R B I A
No full textThis study exhibits how orientalist view reveals itself in The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi. Many of the subjects represented in the novel are still relevant in today’s society. One of the most important one is “Orientalism” which is portrayed by the author throughout the novel. We search for answer why orientalism has essential place in the plot. In the novel we feel that the author aims to arouse attention of the readers in orientalism experienced by immigrants from non-Western backgrounds. In order to obtain a deep understanding of the theme “orientalism”, definition and historical background of the term is presented in this paper. The analysis of the novel’s genre and characters are examined in detail by quotations from the novel. The novel has many autobiographical traits therefore we give a place to author’s biography to establish a connection. It can be clearly understood that the author reflects his own identity with the protagonist Karim like most of the characters in the novel who have connection to his real life. The author addresses orientalism in the novel through these characters’ lives. In this respect, it becomes relevant to elaborate character analysis. In conclusion, in the novel the theme orientalism is analysed from a postmodern perspective and it is aimed to shed light on the issue that it shouldn’t be underestimated the role of the characters chosen in the novel on this subject.
Keywords: Orientalism, postmodernism, Bildungsroman, otherness
BUILDING ENGLISH
No full textThis paper is a sociolinguistic and sociopsychological analysis relating to the attitudes of Civil Engineering Students in Tuzla towards the English Language. The empirical research will be conducted in the form of a survey. It involves 40 students from the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Tuzla. The survey will be carried in February 2014.
The aim of this paper is to determine the types and features of attitudes towards English regarding their age, gender and level of education. A standard computer program SPSS will be used in the statistical data processing of responses.
It is expected that the results of the survey will support the initial hypothesis that attitudes towards English are positive, that respondents will recognise English its global status and, the most important, that respondents perceive English as the language of business.
Keywords: Language Attitudes, Globalisation, Gender, Business English, Age, Gende
THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKING SITES IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
No full textAs the World turns into a “Global Village”, learning a foreign language has become an important need to people to communicate with people of other cultures. To meet this need, there are various ways such as taking the language class, visiting the country, the Internet and so on. By the development of Web 2.0, the internet had the property of interactivity which is enabled by social networking. It is known that interaction is one of the characteristics of ideal language learning environments. (Lomicka & G. Lord, 2009). This characteristic of language learning atmosphere looks like an intersection of the language learning and social media networking. The aim of this study is to examine the use of web 2.0&new media and social networking web sites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Skype in the development of writing, listening, reading and speaking skills. Also, the importance of these social media tools to students in enhancing learning a foreign language by the property of interactivity. During the study methodologically it is used a survey to the university students.
It is hoped to accomplish by this study to understand which social media networking sites are used for improving of different language skills which are reading, listening, speaking and writing.
Keywords: Language Learning via Social Media; Social Networking Sites and Language; Web 2.0; Foreign Languag
SPANISH SPORTS DISCOURSE: INTERDISCURSIVITY AND CULTURAL CODES
No full textThe notion of “sports discourse” is an umbrella term used for the range of genres, united by the same functioning area, common agents and goals. It is manifested via the complex of media articles, books, reviews, Internet blogs, synchronous commentaries of the competitions, interviews, TV programmes, music, and movie industry works that are unified by the common topic – sporting events – and produce sports discourse representing sportsmen, coaches, fans and journalists. However, in this article I want to focus on its written presentation: newspaper articles and books.
Sports discourse doesn’t function in an isolated way. Considering the fact that discourse inherently is a semantic and pragmatic phenomenon, it is necessary to highlight that it is a multifaceted notion which exists in a dialogical communication with other discourses. Interdiscourse relations are understood as the interaction between several discourses that marks a particular space and tends to generate new meanings. This paper aims to single out the main types of these discursive formations that mark the dialogue between the Spanish sports discourse and other kinds of discourses. To a greater extent we are talking about sports discourse VS artistic discourse, briefly mentioning some aspects of its relation to medical and culinary institutionalized discourses.
Among the most productive agents of interdiscourse actualization I primarily distinguish lexical level that leads us to understanding global hidden codes. These markers also enable us to extract some typically Spanish cultural codes: bullfighting, tradition of flamenco guitar, and even national cuisine. This lexis layer creates a particular stylistic image of any text dedicated to sport regardless of its genre. This aspect proves one of the main features of discourse highlighted by the majority of scholars – social nature of discourse that brightly reflects life of a particular society.
The culture is not a child of work, but a child of sports1
COLOUR NAMING LEXEMES IN TENNYSON'S POEM T HE L A DY O F S H A L OT T AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE
No full textIn this paper certain lexical fields of colour naming lexemes from Tennyson’s poem The Lady of Shalott and their translational equivalents in Serbian are chosen in order to determine the internal system of mutual references concerning the abovementioned names of lexemes. The colours will be considered from semantic, pragmatic and stylistic aspect. The sequence of colours is given according to their cognation, according to Berlin-Kay’s Universal Theory of Categories of Basic Colours (1969). According to this theory, the colours are considered due to the principle of their frequency. This theory is based upon the postulate about achromatic and chromatic colours. The achromatic colours are white, black and grey, whereas all others are chromatic. The chromatic colours which will be analyzed after achromatic ones, in the following order, are red (with its shades: light-red, crimson and blood-red), orange, purple, blue, silver, and yellow. For comparison, a segment which is smaller than a sentence is chosen (most often it is a noun phrase, and sometimes it is a clause, depending on the length of a verse). Structural model is chosen because of its convenience for the analysis up to the clause level. The contrastive analysis is performed on the basis of tertium comparationis, represented by rhyme on formal basis, and by phrasal lexeme on the basis of contents. The corpus of research is the Tennyson's poem itself. The comparability is to a great extent determined by semantic criteria. The aim of this paper is to indicate the similarities and differences in the colour naming lexemes and also to review their use in both languages, as well as their function in literary work. The research is based upon psycholinguistic and cognitive relations between colours from one side, and emotionality and warmth from the other, and over which the conceptualization of their meaning can be revealed as well as the cultural distinctiveness of the Serbian language speakers
ESP Teaching Practice at Technical Faculties
Get PDFThe paper offers an insight into the highlights of the ESP teaching practice at the University of Zenica, the university with the longest ESP tradition in the country. This type of language instruction started as part of an optional course at the Faculty of Metallurgy in 1970s. During the following decades – especially in recent times – the teaching has been developed and organized into several obligatory ESP courses that are taught during the final four semesters of undergraduate studies at technical faculties. The training finishes with so called Public Lecture – a series of presentations delivered by the students themselves. The main characteristics of ESP instruction at these faculties are total flexibility and adaptability. This means the ESP teacher not only tends to follow the most recent findings in the realm of the ELT, but also observes the specific educational and social circumstances within which the learning/teaching process takes place. In a country such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the legacy of war includes a brain drain and a complex situation at all three educational levels, it is important to design innovative practices that can compensate for the aforementioned deficiencies. By being responsive to students’ needs, we try to bridge and/or fill in the gaps in their knowledge. In the course of our ESP instruction the students are equipped with the most appropriate and practical tools they can use when they encounter the problem of translating a technical text – a simplified 'translation technology'. Thus, they are encouraged to enter the language arena. Without such a scaffold, they would most probably remain only spectators.
Key words: ESP, translation technology, vocabulary, syntax, morpholog
The Effects of War Crime Processing before Domestic Courts on the Reconciliation Process in Bosnia and Herzegovina Efekti procesuiranja ratnih zločina pred domaćim sudovima na procese pomirenja u Bosni i Hercegovini
Get PDFDuring the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995), severe war crimes were committed, including even genocide. The war crimes, committed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), have been processed at several different levels (from international to local). The paper focuses on the processing of war crimes committed in BiH before domestic, Bosnian courts and the contribution of these processes to the reconciliation process in BiH. We made an empirical research and collected data on the attitude of victims and, for the first time, of perpetrators of war crimes about three research domains: purpose and expectations from war crime processing, subjects’ perception of the judicial system in BiH that processes war crimes, and perception of the past results of war crime processing in BiH.
The following conclusions were made: the subjects express their negative opinion about the proceedings; most subjects expect processing to reveal the truth and contribute to their prevention in the future; all the subjects have a negative opinion about judicial institutions that process war crimes in BiH; subjects believe that the punishments for the crimes do not achieve the purpose of punishing; processing contributed to easing victims’ suffering but also helped convicts reject their psychological burden.
Sažetak: Tokom rata u BiH (1992-1995), počinjeni su teški zločini, pa čak i genocid.
Njihovo procesuiranje odvija se na više različitih nivoa. U ovom se radu analizira procesuiranje ratnih zločina pred domaćim, bosanskohercegovačkim sudovima i doprinos ovih suđenja pomirenju u BiH.
Provedeno je empirijsko istraživanje i prikupljeni su podaci o stavovima žrtava i, po prvi put, osuđenika za ratne zločine o tri grupe pitanja: svrha i očekivanja od procesuiranja ratnih zločina, percepcija ispitanika o pravosudnom sistemu u Bosni i Hercegovini koji sudi za ratne zločine i percepcija dosadašnjih rezultata rada na procesuiranju ratnih zločina u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Zaključeno je sljedeće: ispitanici izražavaju svoje negativno mišljenje o procesuiranju; većina ispitanika očekuje da će procesuiranje otkriti istinu, i doprinijeti njihovoj prevenciji u budućnosti; svi ispitanici imaju negativno mišljenje o pravosudnim institucijama koje procesuiraju ratne zločine u BiH; ispitanici smatraju da se kaznama za zločine ne postiže svrha kažnjavanja; procesuiranje doprinosi ublažavanju patnji žrtava, ali, također, pomaže osuđenicima da se oslobode psihološkog tereta
From Global Structural Changes to a New Concept of Sovereignty Od globalnih strukturalnih promjena ka novom konceptu suvereniteta
Get PDFGlobal movement of goods, services and capital, that causes the new forms of content and organization of production, that is increasingly growing into a new form of “global production for the global market”, is not able to fully define the essence of phenomenon of globalization itself. What makes the process of globalization is particularly rapid growth of communications, rapid growth of global participants and rapid growth of network system of global institutions. In the process of globalization, with a new form of communication between the growing number of participants in global relations, the structural changes taking place in which the state is losing its global position of the necessary factors of global production process. The growth of a large number of international governmental organizations (IGOs), international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), regional organizations (EU, Asia Pacific, NAFTA), the dramatic growth of MNCs, and the steady growth of mutual multidimensional and multiplication communication between these organizations, creates a process to a "reconfiguration of political power." Political power has been increasingly disseminated, on the one side, between national and sub-national level, while on the other hand, the diffusion of political power is evident among national government and supranational institutions and organizations. In this divergent process of "reconfiguration of political power", the transformation of state’s power has been turned up to a new complex forms of global governance in a complex political process in which the concept of national geo-political sovereignty has been increasingly transformed into the concept of "global-institutional-sovereignty."
Sažetak: Ekonomska globalizacija, koja po najraširenijem odredjenju obuhvata globalno kretanje roba, usluga i kapitala, što uvjetuje nove oblike i sadržine organizacije proizvodnje koja sve više izrasta u novi oblik globalne proizvodnje za globalno tržište, nije u mogućnosti u potpunosti odrediti suštinu fenomena post-moderne globalizacije. Ono što danas čini proces globalizacije ekonomskim, političkim i kulturnim fenomenom jeste prije svega rapidan rast komunikacija, rapidan rast mreže network sistema globalnih institucija i rapidan rast participanata u globalnim komunkacijama. U procesu globalizacije odvijaju se strukturalne promjene u kojima država sve više gubi poziciju nužnog faktora globalnog proizvodnog procesa, što izrasta u odredjujuću odrednicu fenomena globalizacije krajem 20 stoljeća. Rast velikog broja medjunarodnih vladinih organizacija (IGOs), medjunarodnih nevladinih organizacija (INGOs), regionalnih organizacija (EU, Pacific Asia, NAFTA), dramatičan rast MNCs i transnacionalnih komercijalnih banaka, te stalni rast medjusobnog multidimenzionalnog i multipliciranog komuniciranja izmedju ovih organizacija, korporacija i vlada država, vodi ka „rekonfiguraciji političke moći“. Politička moć se sve vise difuzira, s jedne strane, izmedju nacionalnog i subnacionalnog nivoa, dok s druge strane, difuzija političke moći sve je evidentnija izmedju nacionalne vlade i supranacionalnih institucija i organizacija. U ovom divergentnom procesu „rekonfiguracije političke moći“, dolazi i do sve izraženije transformacije moći države ka novim kompleksnim formama upravljanja u globalnim kompleksnim političkim procesima u kojima se koncept nacionalnog teritorijalno-političkog suvereniteta sve više transformira u koncept „globalnog institucionalnog suvereniteta“
Impact of Related Acquisition Strategy on Bidding Company Performance
Get PDF: Strategy researchers believe that the better the strategic fit or relatedness between the bidding and acquired firms, the greater should be the economic gain from the merger. Although merger performance has been widely researched we recognized that empirical results on merger performance are inconclusive and that there are research gaps related to geographical settings, time frame and methodological approach. Thus, the research question examined in our study was to find out if acquisition strategy or relatedness of merging companies increases performance of the bidding company. Also we considered moderating effect of premerger bidder profitability on the performance of the merger. Our study predicts that relatedness between merging companies has a positive impact on the merger’s performance. Results of 49 mergers completed in 2008 in EU member countries and Switzerland show that related mergers have better merger scores than unrelated mergers. We also predict that the impact of the related acquisition strategy becomes more positive as bidder premerger performance decreases