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TEACHING GRAMMAR IN GE AND ESP CONTEXT: A CASE STUDY OF CHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
No full textTeaching grammar of a foreign language has always been a matter of controversy. One of the most prominent, yet unsettled issue is whether grammar should be taught explicitly or implicitly. To that end, the study aims to investigate relation between contextualizing grammar teaching and students’ achievement at the end of the course. The study has been conducted among the first year students of Chemistry at the State university of Novi Pazar. Research instruments include a questionnaire administered to 25 students, as well as classroom observations. Students of chemistry have to take two courses in English language during their studies; the first course is in General English (GE), where grammar is taught explicitly, and the second course in English for Specific Purposes (ESP), where grammar points are contextualized. After the analysis of students’ achievement at the end of each term, it can be concluded that the students scored better results in the ESP course than in the GE course. Moreover, the questionnaire results revealed that students’ preferences go in favor of teaching grammar in context, which is indicated as more efficient than giving isolated examples. Another result highlighted a significant change in students’ attitude towards learning English language at the end of the ESP course.
Keywords: General English, English for Specific Purposes, Chemistry students, achievements, preference
VOCABULARY ACQUISITION FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
No full textAn increasing number of children around the world, including Bosnian children, are being educated in a second language (L2). This L2 learning in primary school settings raises interesting questions about developing L2 vocabulary. Investigating the nature of vocabulary knowledge in these L2 children is important particularly as they face the significant challenge of acquiring L2 vocabulary in order to handle school work. This is the case with the children who participated in this study. They attend the first grade at International Primary School in Sarajevo where key subjects are taught in English
TEACHING MODAL VERBS EFFECTIVELY IN ESL
No full textA modal verb is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality. The modal auxiliary verbs express a variety of moods or attitudes of the speaker towards the meaning expressed by the main or lexical verb in a clause. Many modal verbs have more than one meaning or use and in some cases two different modal verbs have some meanings or uses in common but are not completely interchangeable. Auxiliary verbs are as their name suggests, helping verbs, and help complete the form and meaning of main verbs.
Many students are not aware of the subtle shades of meaning that are found within the meaning of a modal; for example, there are many layers to the meaning of can. What is a modal? What is modality? How do we form modals? And what do modals mean? These are the questions that many students ask when trying to learn modals. Modals are difficult for students to grasp because a modal and modality are rarely explained to the student, the form of modals does not follow the conventional rules of grammar, and there are so many meanings of modals that students often get confused about which modal to choose.
The aim of the paper is to present the various uses of these verbs, the features of modal verbs that causes difficulty and how auxiliary verbs are distinguished from other verbs. Also the scope of this paper will analysis the two ways to teach the meanings of the modal auxiliaries. The most common way to teach modals is as a list. Modals, when taught as a list, are presented like regular vocabulary which does not present the various ways each modal can be used. A better way to teach modals is as a system which is more efficient to teach modals by placing the modals in context (e.g. making guesses, giving advice, permission, request, etc.).
Keywords: teaching, modals, verbs, methods, student
ESP CURRICULUM AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL
No full textThe paper focuses on the former curricula for English for Special Purposes at the University of Banjaluka. Namely, the old curricula that had been used to teach ESP to students of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, and spatial planning had displayed a poor focus on the specific vocabulary. Furthermore, the main focus was one the basic grammar points so the students could not be expected to show deep understanding of specific texts. If we consider the fact that students from the target departments all use different vocabulary in their own fields, it became obvious that the target vocabulary should be included, which had not been the case. Another flaw of the former curricula was that the students did not deal with any original English texts in their subject field or with the translation. Hence, we introduced such texts in the new curriculum resulting in a better understanding of the students' own subject matter. We also considered the fact that most scientific papers and handbooks that the students use during their college years were written in English. Our suggestion was that apart from the grammar points presented to the students, their ESP curricula should more focus on their own scientific language, i.e. on the vocabulary that is typical of their own subject matter and which they might be able to use one day in their own field of research. The new curricula resulted in students being more eager to study ESP and better understand the specific target texts.
Keywords: ESP, curriculum, revision, university level, teaching trend
DISCOURSE MARKERS L I KE , S OR T OF AND K I N D OF IN THE SPOKEN DISCOURSE OF ADVANCED L2 STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
No full textThis study explores the use of discourse markers (DMs) in the conversational discourse of non-native speakers of English. Specially, it investigates the functions and positions of DMs like, sort of and kind of in conversations of Croatian speakers of English.
The study investigates DMs in the conversations of first year university students of English. The subject group consisted of four volunteers, two females and two males. For every participant two different speech events of about 15 minutes each were recorded. The speakers engaged in two casual, dyadic conversations. The participants were asked to talk as naturally as possible about a casual topic of their choice.
The results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses show pervasiveness of DMs at this capability level and a variety in use. Discourse like, sort of and kind of cover about 8% of the DMs used by the students in this study. Among them like is the most frequent and sort of is the least frequent. Variability has been noticed in the frequency distribution of these markers in the talk of individual students. Like most often occurred before a noun, sort of was the most frequent before a verb and kind of before an adjective. Multifunctionality of these markers has been identified, too. Like and kind of were most often used as approximators and sort of was most often used as a compromiser.
Keywords: discourse markers, like, sort of and kind of, non-native speakers of Englis
HOW MUCH IS TOO MUCH? - THE TREATMENT OF ANGLICISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF CROATIAN AND GERMAN
No full textThe aim of this research is to establish the relevance of the results from a survey conducted among the university students of English and German at the University of Osijek construed in order to establish the degree of awareness among the non-native users of English of how anglicisms are treated in the context of Croatian and German language systems and which are the strategies of coping with the pervasive influence of English vocabulary. Preliminary results show that English lexical borrowings from the field of IT technology are used very frequently in their communication via computers and mobile phones and the students acquire rather slowly the suggested Croatian and German equivalents and neologisms in the IT terminology.
Three basic strategies of direct borrowing, phonological and morphological adaptation and neologisms will be researched by applying a questionnaire with both lexical and visual prompts for the students in order to elicit responses which will be analysed and put in the context of whether Croatian and German function as a "language of identification" or a "language of communication" (House, 2003)
ENGLESKI POMORSKI JEZIK KAO FAKTOR SIGURNOSTI PLOVIDBE
No full textPomorski engleski jezik je specifičan registar i, prema tome, zahtijeva poseban tretman. Ovaj rad podrazumijeva osvrt na važnu ulogu engleskog jezika u okviru sigurnosti plovidbe. Složen, a u isto vrijeme i jednostavan, pomorski registar predstavlja lingvistički fenomen koji zahtijeva multidisciplinarni pristup. U tom registru dominiraju dvije suprotne tendencije: ekonomičnost i kreativnost. Ekonomičnost pomorskog jezika ogleda se u uslovu da mora biti koncizan i nedvosmislen, to jest precizan da bi služio svrsi. Kreativnost, sa druge strane, stvara nove riječi, nova značenja i nove kombinacije postojećih jezičkih elemenata.
Postoji određen broj podregistara, kao što su podregistar GMDSS-a (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System subregister); palubni (deck department subregister); podregistar navigacionog mosta (navigational bridge subregister) ; i mašinski podregistar (engine department subregister). Seaspeak je vitalni instrument za komunikaciju na brodu. Važnost engleskog jezika je oduvjek isticana, a posebno standardizovane pomorske fraze koje se koriste u komunikaciji na relaciji brod – brod i brod – obala.
Na osnovu analize registra engleskog pomorskog jezika možemo zaključiti da je on „ograničeni jezik“ (restricted language) i da posjeduje određene specifičnosti na fonološkom, morfološkom, leksičkom nivou i sintaksičkom nivou. Te osobenosti su najuočljivije na leksičkom nivou, koji obuhvata stručnu terminologiju. Pored toga, leksika je, kao otvoreni sistem, najviše izložena vanlingvističkim uticajima. Složenost engleskog pomorskog jezika otežava njegovo učenje, odnosno usvajanje. Prvo se moraju savladati stručni termini na maternjem jeziku da bi se išlo dalje sa učenjem engleskog pomorskog registra.
Ključne reči: linguistički, kreativnost, ograničeni jezik, leksikologija , pomorski termini, GMDSS, pragmatika, pomorska komunikacija, posebna svrha, brod, plovidba, kormilo, samarica, VHF-oprema, analiza potreba
Measurement of the Competitiveness of Turkey: EU Countries, 1980-2010 Period Comparison
Get PDFNowadays, in the new world order caused by economic globalization, technological and political changes in world economy result in changes in the competitiveness of the countries. Everyday, countries intensify their effort to gain, develop and protect their power to compete with other countries. Today, even the most developed countries are trying to strengthen their competitiveness in order to enlarge their share in the world economy. Turkey desires to increase its competitiveness in all sectors in order to raise the welfare level of its people and to speed up its economic growth. Turkey endeavors to increase its competitiveness against EU, who is one of the most important economic partners of Turkey, in all sectors. In this study, the period of 1980-2010 is used to measure the competitiveness of Turkey towards the EU countries and aims to achieve predictions for the future, and the watermark
RETROTRANSPOSON BASED MARKERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.cvs.) TISSUE CULTURE
Get PDFBarley has economical value and it is an important model plant. Transposons cover more than
80% of barley genome. More than 40 retrotransposons were characterized in barley genome.
This type of transposons replicate via RNA and move in the genome. As a result of these
movements, mutations and genome enlargements are occurred. During the recent years, active
transcripts and protein products of some retrotransposons have been determined. Somaclonal
variations are spontaneously occurred variations in tissue culture conditions. These variations
could be produced by genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms and result in problems in gen
transfer applications. We investigated the retrotransposon movements in barley tissue culture
and regenerated plantlets using inter retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), inter
primer binding side (iPBS) and analytical techniques (DNA and RNA levels) and determined
the relationship between retrotransposon movements, changes in copy number and
differention in culture conditions. For these purposes BARE1, NIKITA, BAGY2 and
SUKKULA retrotransposons were analyzed. Our research results show that tissue culture
conditions and time increase the transposon based variation and copy numbers of
retrotransposons and thus, cause genome enlargements. This research will be contribute the
understanding of basic mechanisms related to plant development and differentiation in
cultured material and also restriction of variations in applications.
Keywords: Barley, Tissue Culture, Retrotransposon markers, Somaclonal variatio
Female worker in European Union Labor Law and Turkish Labor Law
Get PDFThe European Union social policy includes issues like increasing employment rate, ensuring free movement of labor, improving working conditions and living conditions, providing temporary assistance for unemployed, and freedom of social security and organization within the general lines. Besides all these applications, other European Union social policies can be considered as treating men and women equally, preventing discrimination and social exclusion. Even though the European Union policy developed policies just for workers and unemployed initially, today this policy has become a policy which covers everyone who is economically weak.
The first policy which is related to treating women and men equally takes place in Treaty of Rome and according to the provision no. 119. Some arrangements were made which is about balancing the charges for men and women. And this first step taken for equity of wages paved the way for regulations in order to be equal between men and women in the other areas like social security and social welfare. Also European Union Community is established for the purpose of economically this caused many regulations for women. And in this context, up to present EU, there are many legislative work and action programs in order to protect women workers, ensure equal treatment for women and men, and provide equal opportunities for women, increase women employment rate, improve family life and working life. Along these studies, the new approach which is adopted by EU within the framework of equality of women and men is about exposing equality of women and men under the main plan and policies.
When we examine Turkish law system, the principle of equal treatment for everyone is guaranteed by the constitution. In true sense, the first embodiment in Turkish work life for women who gained worker status with the industrial revolution took place in Public Health Law in 1930. Although there is no special law for women in our country, there are some provisions to prevent discrimination between men and women. At the same time, in the process of harmonization of Turkish legislation with union acquits, the arrangements for women workers have taken place in Turkish labor legislation. In this paper, the arrangements towards women workers in the context of both European Union labor law and Turkish labor law will be discussed.
Keywords:female labor, working life, European Union labor law