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Colliding Effects of Freedom of Access to Information and Personal Data Protection
Get PDFAbstract: Significant efforts were taken in BiH in the adoption of legislation guarantying the rule of law and human rights. In the framework of this activity the Law on Freedom of Access to Information and the Law on Personal Data Protection were adopted. Unfortunately, practice in some cases shows present of conflict in implementation of those two laws. The most recent example is the case in which the Personal Data Protection Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina conducted the administrative proceedings against the Prosecutor’s Office and the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina for handling of personal data of accused and convicted persons at their official web-sites. As a result of these proceedings, The Personal Data Protection Agency adopted a decision warning the Prosecutor’s Office and the Court of BiH to refrain from such illegal complainant’s data handling and asking them to block personal data of all the persons comprised in the indictments and court decisions posted on its official web-site. This paper analyzes the consequences of the action of the Agency for Protection of Personal Data from perspective of international human rights standards and international jurisprudence and its impact on the justice, rule of law and human rights in the judicial sector
Postmodernization and the Crisis of Law: Legal System and Rule of Law in „Brave New World“
Get PDFAbstract: In the past few decades, due to far-reaching social changes caused by globalization and postmodernization, modern law and legal systems have changed significantly. Generally speaking, law has become less general, systematic, and hierarchical since the basic structural features of modern law changed.
New principles of the functioning of the legal system have taken advantage over the previous ones, i.e., instead of a public law model, a private law contracting model has established itself as the dominant way of regulating social relations. Moreover, the boundary between public and private law has become less clear, and new legal concepts, institutes, and disciplines have occurred while those which prevailed throughout the modern legal tradition have changed significantly. Postmodernization of law, among other things, brings a lot of negative “crisis” transformation, among which those worth mentioning are the spread of the neo-liberal law-and-order legal ideology and politics, the degradation of fundamental principles of the rule of law, changes in substantive and procedural criminal law for the sake of fast, efficient, and economic prosecution of criminal suspects, the breakdown of the (law of) welfare state (the latter being transformed into penal state), privatization of justice (e.g. judicial services), excessive juridization of social relations, and the transformation of legal subjectivity. In many important aspects, the postmodern transformations have taken contemporary law and legal systems back to the times of the early classical liberal legal system of the 18th and early 19th centuries.
The author argues that, in the process of their integration to European Union and the legal reform according to the European standards, the states should take into account the broader historical context of this process: the social and legal postmodernization which gave the law and legal system a new postmodern identity, on one hand, and the crisis of the concept of the rule of law, on the other
Partner Relationship: Microcrisis Aspect
Get PDFAbstract: In the present work we try to problematize the emergence of partnerships which by definition belong to the free expression of the will of adults. Research shows that this is not entirely so, and that is the basis of these relations social structures that define their nature. Character risks in relationships largely stem from the nature of modernity in which we pay attention to those theorists who have these issues radicalized in their studies. We believe that partnership is a form of community, but is exposed to the risks of a social nature characteristic of modernit
DEVELOPING A BLENDED-LEARNING MODEL IN AN L2 CLASSROOM
Get PDFThe study analyzes the pedagogical model of the blended-learning delivery format that may be incorporated in an L2 classroom. The study begins with the introduction of current developments in the area of blended-learning in higher education and in second-language acquisition research in particular. The focus is on scholarship that empirically informs the instruction and acquisition of language competence in an L2 classroom with an added computer-assisted language-learning component, blended-learning in particular. The model studied is a combination of face-to-face instruction as the basis of learning experience and an online teaching and learning tools. The focus is on specific tasks to be incorporated into the design of activities for both methods of learning and instruction. Five types of tasks, interactive, adaptive, communicative, productive and instructional, are studied as the main building blocks of an L2 learning environment. The discussion focuses on ways the blended-learning model allows reconfiguration of specific tasks in the two, face-to-face and online, components, leading to changes in the dynamics of an L2 classroom, shifting also the role of student and instructor in the studied blend. The analysis shows that the incorporation of the studied model may contribute to the increase of students’ engagement in the learning process at both learning spaces, face-to-face and online, fosteringa learner-centered L2 environment. The study concludes with a discussion of benefits the blended-learning approach offers in an L2 classroom and suggests directions for further empirical investigations
THE ELEMENTS OF REALISM IN GEORGE ELLIOT’S (MARIE ANNE EVANS) MIDDLEMARCH
Get PDFThis research paper is going to elaborate Middlemarch, one of the greatest works of George Elliot (her real name was Marie Ann Evans). It is one of the major pieces of the thesaurus of British Victorian period. The novel is subtitled as ‘A study of Provincial Life’ which is set in the imaginary town of Middlemarch which is thought to be at the territory of today’s city of Coventry, a little town not far from Oxford. The story takes place between the periods of 1930-1932.Elliot presents the stories of a number of denizens of a small English town on the eve of the Representation of the People Act Bill. This Reform Bill endorsed major changes in the parliament where the number of commoners increased. Middlemarch is her seventh novel, started to be written in 1869.The interruption of her writing was caused by the illness of Thornton Lewes, the son of her partner George Henry Lewes. Elliot’s resumed works; fusing together several stories into coherent whole during 1871-1872, appeared in serial form. The Volume I Edition was published in 1874 and attracted a large publicity. The novel is composed of eight books; it contains also a prelude and a postscript or a finale describing the post-novel fates of the main characters. The narrator is an omniscient third-person singular that narrates the life of ordinary people isn’t granting the echelon of heroic princes and kings. As a realistic novel Middlemarch contains multiple and different characteristics of realism such as; a slow-moving plot, emphasis on morality, casualty, foreshadowing of everyday events, emphasis on psychological optimistic tone, too much details, events are usually plausible. The research methods that have been helpful while conducting this research paper are; narrative and descriptive methods
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH COMPOUNDS AND THEIR CORRESPONDENTS IN ALBANIAN LANGUAGE
Get PDFContrastive analysis or contrastive linguistics is related to the field of applied contrastive studies which predicts and clarifies the difficulties in the process of second language acquisition. It is also claimed that a comparison of different levels between the mother tongue and the target language (phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis, culture) would identify points of difference or difficulty and provide results that would be important in language teaching. This paper aims at describing and analyzing the similarities, dissimilarities, and identities between the English and Albanian compounds by form and meaning. Considering the fact that the dissimilarities are the main cause of difficulty in the learning of the second language or a foreign language, the paper will look at the most common errors Albanian university students make whilst translating compounds from Albanian to English and vice versa. The research presents a combined methodological design, both quantitative and qualitative approach. Correspondingly, English and Albanian grammar books were used as the primary sources in this contrastive study. The research also included the conducting of a test run questionnaire and the subsequent analysis of its results. Consequently, the results gave some insightful ideas or indications regarding implications in teaching and learning compounds in an ELT context
HOW TO BUILD AN ENGLISH CLAUSE
Get PDFI will be examining central aspects of English clause structure from the standpoint of Cognitive Grammar (CG). Though well known and extensively studied, these phenomena have eluded definitive treatment; they still have much to tell us. Indeed, working out their theoretical basis has contributed to further development of the CG framework (Langacker 1991, 2008a, 2012). Especially relevant are two general notions: the organization of structure in terms of baseline and elaboration; and grammar as the implementation of semantic functions
LANGUAGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCE IN DISCOURSE
Get PDFMany empirical researches on Gender and language have been conducted by numerous sociolinguists in order of finding out the relationship between them. These differences between women’s and men’s language consisted in terms of phonology, lexis, syntax, dominance and difference in discourse analysis. Some other studies have investigated the influence of female - male language differences on maintaining the imbalance power between the two genders. This paper will aim at finding out the relationship between gender and language in political debates in Albanian and English while trying to identify the impact of gender based language in displaying the difference and dominance in conversational interaction. Political debates in English and Albanian will be analyzed in order to distinguish cross gender and cross language differences through the use of linguistic and discourse features such as: turn taking, dominance, minimal response, overlaps, hedges, interruptions etc
THE ATTRITION OF PORTUGUESE AS A THIRD OR ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE OVER THE SUMMER HOLIDAYS
Get PDFThe present study aims to investigate the attrition of Portuguese as a third or additional language (L3, L4, etc., cf. de Angelis, 2007) over the summer holidays. The research questions concern the correctness of the participants’ responses, the language areas in which attrition is observed, the ways in which it manifests itself and the students’ perception of their own attrition. Since multilingual systems are dynamic and the languages are in constant interaction, when a language is not used, attrition sets in (Herdina & Jessner, 2002). However, some elements of linguistic knowledge are more prone to attrition than others (Sharwood-Smith, 1989). The study was carried out with 42 Polish (L1) learners of Portuguese, 30 of whom were second-year students of Portuguese philology, and 12 were students of other Romance philologies who followed a Portuguese language course. After the summer holidays, they completed a vocabulary and grammar test and participated in oral interviews, followed by a questionnaire. In general, they produced more incorrect and partly correct (e.g. the right verb in the wrong form) than correct responses. Attrition could be observed in various language areas, from speaking fluency to grammar and vocabulary, though the subjunctive, which they had only started to study before the holidays, caused them the most difficulty. The attrition of Portuguese manifested itself in various forms, from avoidance and the inability to retrieve certain items, through the confusion of Portuguese forms, to interference from other languages. As the questionnaire indicates, the students were aware of the areas in which attrition occurred. It can be concluded that attrition is connected mainly with a decrease in the activation of a language. Given the interference from other Romance languages, it can be supposed that, as the activation of Portuguese items is lower, Spanish, French and Italian items compete for selection
How Micro-Level Determinants Affect the Capital Structure Choice: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFAbstract: The purpose of this study is to examine two leverage ratios using a sample of non-financial companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It was done by taking into account the joint effect of traditional capital structure determinants and managers' personal values and aspirations. We applied hierarchical regression analysis to determine the contribution of profitability indicators, firm size indicators, assets, growth, networking, managerial strategies, managerial psychology, managerial human capital and earnings volatility to explain the variance in capital structure. The results suggest that companies with less experienced owners/managers and higher firm growth have higher financial leverage ratios. In the analysis of the balance sheet leverage, financial proxies of capital structure seem to be significant in explaining capital structure variance. Therefore, companies with lower profitability, a lower level of fixed assets and higher growth opportunities have higher balance sheet leverage ratios. The findings provide better understanding of theoretical perspectives that can best explain how companies choose their capital structure in the transition economy context. Furthermore, empirical findings should help corporate managers to make optimal capital structure decisions