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Nominalism in Position of Contract Will
Get PDFChanges in the value of money reach almost all segments of society. In this way the issue of the protection of monetary claims in terms of depreciation shows in its full expansion. Source of the problem, as we attempt to prove is based on a different understanding of the essence of money in monetary and legal theory and judicial practice that characterize the money differentaly. Consequently there are different doctrinal conflicts in various attempts to define the money referred to two questions: what are the main characteristics of money and what is the nature of the intrinistic value of money? There is a point where legal and economic theories diverge. Those differences result in unequal legal treatment of legal subjects. To that goal we subordinate our choice of scientific methods: induction, explicative analysis and abstraction, with the intention of forming a general conclusion about causality among phenomena induced by economic factors and conditions embedded in legal matters
HARMONIZACIJA ZAKONSKE REGULATIVE PRIVATNE SIGURNOSTI U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI U KONTEKSTU EVROPSKIH INTEGRACIJA
Get PDFPitanje sigurnosti je oduvijek bilo od velikog značaja za čovjeka, jer predstavlja njegovu vrlo važnu potrebu, pri čemu su se modaliteti njezinog ostvarenja mijenjali i razvijali kako su se mijenjali i razvijali oblici ugrožavanja sigurnosti. Kada se govori o privatnoj sigurnosti u širem smislu, koja nije i ne smije biti konkurencija javnoj sigurnosti, onda se kao zasebna područja pojavljuju zaštita osoba i imovine s jedne strane i privatna detektivska djelatnost s druge strane. One su vrlo često isprepletene i zajedno s javnim sigurnosnim službama (policija, vojska, sigurnosne službe, pravosudne institucije) tvore sigurnosni okvir savremenog čovjeka. U ovom radu će biti razmatran proces nastanka i razvoja privatne sigurnosti i privatne detektivske djelatnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini, a u kontekstu događaja s početka devedesetih godina prošlog vijeka, koji su označili kraj socijalističke ere i uspostavu novih društveno-političkih i tržišnih odnosa. Autor osvjetljava problematiku zakonske regulative koja normira privatnu sigurnost i detektivsku djelatnost, te ukazuje na praktične aspekte primjene propisa istih u Bosni i Hercegovini. U kontekstu evropskih integracija autor posebno ističe neophodnost harmonizacije propisa u BiH, te neminovnost donošenja zakona o privatnoj detektivskoj djelatnosti u Federaciji BiH.
Ključne riječi: privatna sigurnost, detektivska djelatnost, harmonizacija propisa, evropske integracij
MAKING STUDENTS MORE ACTIVE IN LEARNING THE PASSIVE
Get PDFWhy are students of English so reluctant to use the passive voice? The answer to this question may lie in the fact that students find it artificial, even pretentious, partly because it really does tend to be overtly wordy and cumbersome. Moreover, a point often overlooked is that the Croatian language “favours” the active structure as more natural both in informal and formal discourse, which is why students often find it difficult to adopt the passive voice as characteristic of the English language. Also, both for learners of English and native speakers of the language, the passive structure may be felt as contrary to the more common subject-verb-object (or S-O-V) order of syntactic constituents in the transitive sentence, employed profusely in the majority of Indo-European languages.
Nonetheless, not only is it expected of the students to appreciate the passive, but also to use it competently. A great deal of academic English courses focus on formal communication; which makes the passive of key importance to understanding the type of language prevalent in EAP. This type of discourse is essential to studying English at university level, in the authors’ case ESP in the field of international relations and diplomacy, where study materials abound with passive structures.
The aim of the paper is to show that the passive is fairly simple and easy both to understand and apply in independent production since it follows a set of formulaic instructions with little or no exceptions to the rule. It will look into examples of texts such as newspaper articles, legislation, professional literature, etc., and provide various activities used as a springboard for the acquisition of passive structures
THE USE OF AGENT-BASED MODELS IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS: AN APPROACH TO CHOMSKY’S LINGUISTICS THROUGH THE CLARION MODEL
Get PDFIn this paper we propose the use of Agent-Based Models (ABM) (Gilbert 2008) to study the development of historical natural languages starting from a universal grammar according to Chomsky’s "Theory of the principles and parameters" (Chomsky 1995) .
The CLARION architecture, designed by Ron Sun (Sun 2002) integrates implicit and explicit knowledge, cognitive and meta-cognitive levels, with the motivational aspect, i.e. accepting the cardinal principles of the embodied mind (Clark 1997) and recognizing the basic role of direct men- environment interaction in cognitive mechanisms. Ron Sun develops these points in a theory of mind and in a thorough discussion of learning problems.
The goal of an artificial neural network (ANN), based on a CLARION architecture, is to verify theoretical assumptions through simulation, bringing together the dichotomy between implicit (subsymbolic) and explicit (symbolic) knowledge through a learning mechanism realized by the extraction of explicit rules by subsymbolic knowledge, based on interaction with the world. In the real world, cognitive operations are mostly performed unconsciously. Moreover, learning is carried out through attempts, in dynamic circumstances. The methodology allows to observe the development of cognitive structures of individual agents through ABM and contribute to studying the emergence of unplanned and unexpected routines or mechanisms. The use of neural models as learning tools implies that the simulations are realistic, considering the relationship between intentional behaviour, learning, desires, individual structures and social structures. The simulation, thus, enables a study the mind from an evolutionary perspective (that of satisfying a particular need in a physical and sociocultural world), understanding how individual structures and social institutions and environment could change each other.
Through ANN-based models one can build realistic 'intelligent agents', i.e. with a 'mind', minimizing the programming of rules of behaviour and letting the interaction with the environment produce efficient behaviour
DEVELOPING BEGINNER TEACHERS’ PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS IN POST-LESSON REFLECTIONS
Get PDFAlthough reflective practice has gained popularity world-wide in recent years, some argue that the ‘reflective’ research has focused too much on different conceptualisations of reflection and not enough on how teachers actually think when they reflect. This article addresses this issue of teacher cognition by examining one skill underpinning reflective thinking, problem solving. Specifically, this study compares the problem solving of six inexperienced and three experienced teachers of English. It emerged that the experienced teachers developed sophisticated reasoning skills to help themselves analyse problems in principled ways. This article identifies what principled reasoning actually consists of and how it may be developed in inexperienced teachers of English to help them solve teaching problems and so reflect more effectively
The Effects of Foreign Direct Investments on Transition Economies: The Balkans Case
Get PDFAbstract: The stabilized economic growth in the long-run lies ahead as an obstacle in the long road of development for many transition economies especially for those are in the Balkans. Some of the Balkan countries such as Croatia and Bulgaria have managed to get aboard to the European Union train. But for many others, the train has not arrived yet. Furthermore, many of those non-European Union member transition economies in the Balkans have to deal with an inheritance of a war economy experienced during early 90s. Today non-European Union member transition economies in the Balkans need to increase the capital flows to their countries for economic growth purposes. The literature on foreign direct investments suggest that there may be some positive effects on the economic growth of the host countries depending on many conditions - most commonly on absorptive capacities. However, are they really ready for this? Are the absorptive capacities in those countries at the extent in which enable them to extract benefits from foreign investments? The answer to this question is the key to truly understand the effects of foreign direct investments in those countries. Therefore, in this study, the effects of foreign direct investments on the economic growth of non-European Union member transition economies in the Balkans are investigated from the absorptive capacity perspective. This paper serves a role in comprehending the true dynamics of absorptive capacities measured through a new technique presented in this paper. The results confirm that current foreign direct investment flows to those non-European Union member Balkan countries are not able to work miracles given the absorptive capacities of the host countries
Twin Deficit in Nigeria: A Re-Examination
Get PDFAbstract: This study re-examines the long run relationship between the budget and current account deficits in an oil-dependent open economy like Nigeria using a multivariate Granger causality test within the VECM framework. This result confirmed the existence of a long run relationship between the budget and current account deficit in Nigeria, thus supporting the Mudell-Fleming theory and refuting the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH). The causality result indicates no causality between budget deficit and current account while the current account deficit causes budget account deficit. This implies that reduction in the current account deficits will help reduce the “twin deficit” dilemma
A FLOOD OF METAPHORS? CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN THE 2014 BALKAN MEDIA REPORTS ON FLOODS
Get PDFThe paper explores the linguistic and conceptual metaphors in media reports on the 2014 floods in the Balkans, focusing on the conceptualization of floods and flood-related concepts. While natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes represent a well-known source domain within the conceptual metaphor theory, this paper aims to explore floods as a target domain drawing on online Balkan newspaper reports from May 2014. The analysis offers insight into long-standing, conventional metaphors related to floods and natural disasters as well as the specific realizations and elaborations of these and other metaphors in the context of the 2014 Balkan floods. The possible functions and effects of the predominant metaphors related to the 2014 floods are discussed
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ FIELDWORK IN THE NATIVE-AMERICAN RESERVATION
Get PDFThis is the narrative of the fieldwork conducted by the Global Citizenship Studies Department at Seisen University. The fieldwork in the Native-Americans reservation was started in 2008 in Colville in the State of Washington. Since 2008, we have sent average of 10 students every year for 7 years. The aims of this fieldwork are:
1) to understand history, culture and life of the Native-Americans
2) to learn the importance of symbiotic relation between people and the nature
3) to acquire English skills through communicating with local peopl