Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Copper stress induces zebrafish central neural system myelin defects via WNT/NOTCH-hoxb5b signaling and pou3f1/fam168a/fam168b DNA methylation
No full textUnbalanced copper (Cu) homeostasis is associated with neurological development defects and diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, central neural system (CNS) myelin defects and the down-regulated expression of WNT/NOTCH signaling and its down-stream mediator hoxb5b were observed in Cu2+ stressed zebrafish larvae. The loss/knockdown-of-function of hoxb5b phenocopied the myelin and axon defects observed in Cu2+ stressed embryos. Meanwhile, the activation of WNT/NOTCH signaling and ectopic expression of hoxb5b could rescue Cu induced myelin defects. Additionally, fam168b, similar to pou3f1/2, exhibited significant promoter hypermethylation and reduced expression in Cu2+ stressed embryos. The hypermethylated locus in fam168b promoter acted pivotally in its transcription, and the loss/knockdown of fam168b/pou3f1 also induced myelin defects. This study also demonstrated that fam168b/pou3f1 and hoxb5b axis acted in a seesaw manner during fish embryogenesis: Cu induced the down-regulated expression of the WNT &NOTCH-hoxb5b axis through the function of copper transporter cox17, coupled with the promoter methylation of genes fam168b/pou3f1, and its subsequent down-regulated expression through the function of another transporter atp7b, making joint contributions to myelin defects in embryos
How do Biotic and Abiotic Factors Regulate Soil Enzyme Activities at Plot and Microplot Scales Under Afforestation?
No full textAfforestation can greatly affect soil enzymes which are tightly associated with soil nutrient cycling. However, the spatial variations in enzyme activity (EA) in plantation forests and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The main goal of this study was to determine how the drivers including the biotic (for example, plant traits and microbial properties) and abiotic factors (for example, soil properties) best regulate spatial variations in EA (beta-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase) in three selected sites [woodland, shrubland and adjacent open areas (that is, control)] in Central China. Specifically, we tried to determine: (1) whether the drivers of EA variations vary between woodland and shrubland sites at the plot scale (100 m(2)) and (2) whether the drivers vary depending on the presence of tree patch (tree patch microplot vs. open-interpatch microplot) at the microplot scale (1 m(2)) within sites. A spatially nested sampling was conducted within each site via a series of partial Mantel tests to examine the correlations between EA and the environmental factors. For each site, similar spatial distribution trends were observed for the three kinds of enzymes at the plot scale. Our results showed that the tree distribution-induced shifts in litter and root biomass, soil pH and microbial community structure primarily controlled the spatial variations in EA. Specifically, soil EA was significantly correlated with litter and root biomass in the woodland site at the plot scale and primarily dependent on soil pH and microbial properties in the shrubland site. In contrast, the drivers of EA variations at the microplot scale are inconsistent between the tree patch microplot and the interpatch microplot within sites. Additionally, soil EA was not correlated with any factor in the open area. Taken together, our results reveal a shift in drivers of EA under afforestation and a profound impact of tree patch on these drivers at the plot scale
Rhizosphere effects promote soil aggregate stability and associated organic carbon sequestration in rocky areas of desertification
No full textSoil aggregate stability is an important index for predicting soil water loss and soil erosion resistance. Plant roots effectively control soil erosion and stabilize soil structure, which has a crucial influence on the formation of aggregates and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. We examined how rhizosphere effects influence soil aggregate stability and its associated SOC contents and delta C-13 values, following a proposed extended model of carbon (C) flows between the aggregate size classes in the root systems based on C-13 fractionation in each step of SOC formation. The results show that the rhizosphere effects significantly improved the stability of aggregates. The mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of rhizosphere soil aggregates were significantly higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil aggregates associated with plants with fibrous roots. SOC levels of all size aggregates in the rhizosphere soil of both fibrous and tap root plants were higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil. Moreover, SOC contents increased in the order of silt-clay particles (SCP, 1 mm). The delta C-13 values in non-rhizosphere soil were generally higher than those in rhizosphere soil in aggregates of the same size class, especially in the tap root plants. Except for the rhizosphere soil of fibrous root plants, the other three soil types (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of tap root plants, and non-rhizosphere soil of fibrous root plants) were shown to have aggregate delta C-13 values that decreased with increasing soil aggregate size. delta C-13 enrichment of the SOC fractions showed that the general flow direction of SOC was from rhizosphere to non-rhizosphere, and from large aggregates to small aggregates. The C flow in the aggregates of rhizosphere soil was clearly greater than that in the non-rhizosphere soil, especially with the fibrous root plants. These findings suggest that plant roots have the potential to regulate soil structural stability, and enhance soil erosion resistance and SOC sequestration
Current progress, challenges and perspectives in microalgae-based nutrient removal for aquaculture waste: A comprehensive review
No full textThe increase in nutrients in aquaculture waste and their adverse environmental impacts has led to interest in adopting more efficient, cost-effective wastewater treatment methods as alternatives to conventional processes. The phytoremediation of aquaculture wastewater with microalgae has great potential due to its high nutrient removal efficiency and low cost. Most importantly, the microalgal biomass can be utilized directly or converted into aquacultural feed. However, the diversity and dynamic changes in wastewater characteristics, light-limited microalgal growth and high harvesting costs are still challenges to its successful application. This review gives an extensive overview of microalgae-based nutrient removal from aquaculture waste, including the challenges in the development of an efficient treatment system and the factors affecting microalgal growth and nutrient removal. Novel cultivation strategies to enhance biomass productivity and nutrient removal are discussed. Moreover, suggestions are proposed for the development of a more robust model for nutrient loading and removal. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
River network alteration of C-N-P dynamics in a mesoscale agricultural catchment
No full textThe majority of freshwater ecosystems worldwide suffer from eutrophication, particularly because of agriculture-derived nutrient sources. In the European Union, a discrepancy exists between the scale of regulatory assessment and the size of research catchments. The Water Framework Directive sets water quality objectives at the mesoscale (50-500 km(2)), a scale at which both hillslope and in-stream processes influence carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics. Conversely, research catchments focus on headwaters to investigate hillslope processes while minimising the influence of river processes on C-N-P dynamics. Because hillslope and river processes have common hydro-climatic drivers, the relative influence of each on C-N-P dynamics is difficult to disentangle at the mesoscale. In the present study, we used repeated synoptic sampling throughout the river network of a 300 km2 intensively farmed catchment, spatial stochastic modelling and mass balance calculations to analyse this mesoscale conundrum. The main objective was to quantify how river processes altered C-N-P hydrochemical dynamics in different flow, concentration and temperature conditions. Our results show that flow was the main control of alterations of C-N-P dynamics in the river network, while temperature and source concentration had little or no influence. The influence of river processes peaked during low flow, with up to 50% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production, up to 100% of nitrate (NO3) retention and up to 50% of total phosphorus (TP) retention. Despite high percentages of river processes at low flow, their influence on annual loads was low for NO3 (median of 10%) and DOC (median of +25%) but too variable to draw conclusions for TP. Because of the differing river alteration rates among carbon and nutrients, stoichiometric ratios varied greatly from headwaters to the outlet especially during the eutrophication-sensitive low-flow season. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Screening of the dominant Chlorella pyrenoidosa for biofilm attached culture and feed production while treating swine wastewater
No full textThis research 12 microalgal species were screened for biofilm attached culture in the treatment of anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). The influence of ADSW on biomass productivity and removal efficiencies were evaluated using biofilm attached culture with the selected Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The variation of nutritional components from algal cells were further analysed to evaluate the potential applications of C. pyrenoidosa. The results showed that C. pyrenoidosa had the highest tolerance to ADSW, and the highest removal efficiencies for wastewater pollutants were reached when cultured in 5 times diluted ADSW. These test conditions resulted in an algal cell biomass composed of 57.30% proteins, 14.87% extracellular polysaccharide, 3.08% crude fibre, 5.57% crude ash, 2.85% moisture. Amino acids in proteins contained 21.73% essential amino acids and the EAA/NEAA value was 0.64. The essential amino acid score indicates that the selected C. pyrenoidosa could be a good protein source for feed addition
长江干流宜昌-监利段洲滩湿生植物群落特征及其驱动因子分析
No full text为了解长江干流洲滩湿地植物的群落结构特征及其驱动因子,于2018年3~5月对干流宜昌-监利5个江段洲滩的湿生植物开展了调查。共采集湿生植物88种,隶属于26科73属,其中菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、蓼科(Polygonaceae)占优势,狗牙根、薹草、牛鞭草、虉草为主要优势种。采集样方平均种类数为6种,平均密度为88.9 ind/m~2,平均生物量(地上部分干重)为55.8 g/m~2。采集洲滩湿生植物群落结构时空差异较大。枝城江段洲滩样方物种数、密度和生物量均为最大,荆州洲滩均最小。样方密度在3~5月间呈下降趋势,生物量则呈上升趋势。划分了薹草、狗牙根、牛鞭草-紫菀等10个稳定群落。典范对应分析表明湿生植物群落组成主要受到黏粒比例、相对水面高程、土壤含水率以及土壤总有机质含量的影响,其中影响最大的是黏粒比例。样方总生物量沿相对水面高程、总有机质、土壤含水率的变化趋势一致,即先增大后减小;而与黏粒含量的关系不明显。分析认为洲滩湿生植物分布格局是在水文过程影响下,由底质、水分及营养共同作用的结果
三维荧光分析评价腐殖酸高级氧化前处理效果的研究
No full text地表水中腐殖酸类物质在常规水处理过程中很难被降解去除,大部分残留组分会在后期加氯消毒过程中产生消毒副产物等对人体有害的物质。选取紫外(UV)辐照、过硫酸根(peroxydisulfate,PDS)和双氧水(H2O2)高级氧化过程,对腐殖酸进行部分氧化降解,考察了不同的高级氧化作用对腐殖酸的处理效果。三维荧光光谱(fluorescence excitation emission matrix,FEEM)分析结果表明, UV/PDS共同作用可在10 min内极大程度地去除腐殖质类难降解组分,可减轻腐殖质带来的嗅味与色度问题,并可减少后续消毒处理过程中产生消毒副产物的问题
Systematic genome editing of the genes spanning an entire chromosome by CRISPR/Cas9 in a vertebrate——zebrafish (Danio rerio)
No full textDeciphering the biological functions of each gene in the genome is fundamental for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying normal development, physiology,and behavior, as well as diseases. One common approach to determine gene function is to disrupt individual genes and assess the consequences. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been gaining popularity as a model organism to analyze gene function. This is particularly true in China
噬藻体感染相关基因的研究进展
No full text噬藻体是感染蓝细菌(蓝藻)的病毒,能调控蓝细菌种群的丰度和多样性,在许多水生生态系统的食物网动态变化和生物地球化学循环中起关键作用。噬藻体与宿主细胞发生各种相互作用,包括吸附、入侵和复制,参与感染过程,从而完成噬藻体的生命周期。本文在综述噬藻体生命周期与基因组结构相互关联的基础上,重点介绍噬藻体与宿主蓝细菌相互作用的蛋白,如噬藻体吸附蛋白、内肽酶、穿孔素、DNA聚合酶、藻胆体降解蛋白A(NblA)、毒力因子、抗CRISPR蛋白(Acr)和小分子热休克蛋白等,分析它们的分子特性,阐述它们在噬藻体感染蓝细菌以及噬藻体-蓝细菌相互作用的分子机制。为了更好地认识驱动不同噬藻体与宿主及水生环境相互作用的策略、感染效率及生态学影响,本文不仅对这些与噬藻体感染相关的重要基因研究动态进行综述与讨论,还在了解噬藻体丰富的多样性和复杂性的基础上,提出应用新技术对噬藻体感染相关基因的功能进行广泛研究,以期扩展全球水生病毒数据库,进一步认识噬藻体与宿主的相互作用机理