Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Induction of micronuclei, nuclear anomalies, and dimensional changes in erythrocytes of the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) by lanthanum
No full textThe genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of lanthanum (La(III)) were studied in fish micronucleus analysis in erythrocytes of the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Fish were exposed to 0.04, 08, 0.16, 0.32, and 0.80 mg L-1 of La concentration for 21 days. Several important morphological alterations of the nucleus were noted, such as the ratio of micronucleated erythrocyte, and total ratio of erythrocytes with nuclear anomalies, blebs, notches, and so on. The total ratio of nuclear anomalies was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in G. rarus exposed to La(III) (except for 0.04 mg L-1) compared with the control. Hypsometric analysis indicated significant dose-dependent changes in erythrocyte and nucleus dimensions (P < 0.05). Various abnormal morphological forms of erythrocytes were also observed. These results showed that La(III) was cytotoxic to erythrocytes of the rare minnow
Synergistic control of internal phosphorus loading from eutrophic lake sediment using MMF coupled with submerged macrophytes
No full textSediment phosphorus (P) is the main source of endogenous P for lake eutrophication. An in-situ combined technology for determination the removal effect of sediment P in all fractions was first developed using the novel modified maifanite (MMF) and submerged macrophytes in this study. MMF was synthesized using an acidification process (2.5 mol/L H2SO4) and then a calcination (400 degrees C) method. The morphology and structure of MMF were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, and BET. We tested the removal effects of sediment P by MMF and submerged macrophytes in combination and separately. The results demonstrated that the synergistic removal capacity of sediment P using MMF coupled with submerged macrophytes was higher than the sum of them applied separately. MMF could promote the submerged macrophytes growth and enhance the adsorption of extra P on MMF through root oxygenation and nutrient allocation. The microcosm experiment results showed that sediment from fMMF+V. spiralis exhibited the most microbial diversity and abundance among the sediment. The combination of MMF and submerged macrophytes increased the Firmicutes abundance and decreased the Bacteroidetes. These results indicated that adsorption-biological technology can be regarded as a novel and competitive technology to the endogenous pollution control in eutrophic shallow lakes. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
一株红假单胞菌的分离及生理特性研究
No full text光合细菌在水处理和水生态修复领域应用前景广阔,对其生理特性研究具有重要价值。从武汉东湖分离得到一株不产氧光合细菌PUF1,通过对菌落形态、细胞超微结构、特征吸收光谱以及系统发育等分析,初步确定为红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas sp.)紫色非硫光合细菌。PUF1细胞呈直的或稍弯曲的杆状,长3.05-10.06 μm,直径0.32-0.68 μm,具有片层膜结构。PUF1培养物呈深紫红色,主要色素为细菌叶绿素a (Bchl. a)和类胡萝卜素。初始pH 6.0-8.0,光照强度500-3000 lx,稳定期细菌生物量无显著差异,但培养液pH>8.0会显著抑制PUF1最大光量子产量(F_v/F_m)。试验进一步研究了细菌不同生长阶段粗蛋白含量、ATP酶(ATPase)活性及F_v/F_m的变化规律。结果表明, PUF1不同生长阶段其蛋白含量有所差异,以稳定期为最高(>60%),而ATPase活性随培养时间的延长而逐渐降低。此外, PUF1光合作用与其生长状态也有一定的关系,具体表现为细菌生长周期内F_v/F_m变化规律适用单峰高斯模型,且以对数期F_v/F_m为最高。研究结果可为光合细菌生理生化特性研究提供重要的参考依据
The insights into the systematic relationship ofGastrostyla-affinitive genera, with report on a new saline soil ciliate genus and new species (Protozoa, Ciliophora)
No full textBackground Hypotrichia are a group with the most complex morphology and morphogenesis within the ciliated protists. The classification ofGastrostyla-like species, a taxonomically difficult group of hypotrichs with a common ventral cirral pattern but various dorsal and ontogenetic patterns, is poorly understood. Hence, systematic relationships within this group and with other taxa in the subclass Hypotrichia remain unresolved. Results 18S rRNA gene sequence of a newGastrostyla-like taxon was obtained. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene sequences indicate that this ciliate represents a new genus that is closely related toHeterourosomoidaandKleinstylawithin the oxytrichid clade of the Hypotrichia. However, the position of this cluster remains unresolved. All three genera deviate from the typical oxytrichids by their incomplete (or lack of) dorsal kinety fragmentation during morphogenesis. Morphology and morphogenesis of this newly discovered form,Heterogastrostyla salinanov. gen., nov. spec., are described.Heterogastrostylanov. gen., is characterised as follows: more than 18 fronto-ventral-transverse cirri, cirral anlagen V and VI develop pretransverse cirri, and dorsal ciliature inUrosomoida-like pattern. Conclusions Similar to the CEUU-hypothesis about convergent evolution of urostylids and uroleptids, we speculate that the shared ventral cirral patterns ofGastrostyla-like taxa might have resulted from convergent evolution
Antagonistic interactions between above- and belowground biota reduce their negative effects on a tree species
No full textAims Plants in nature are confronted by a variety of beneficial and antagonistic above- and belowground organisms, including leaf herbivores, soil fungi, and soil nematodes. While their individual effects are usually well studied, their joint effects on plant performance are less well known. Synergistic or antagonistic interactions between these organisms would mean that their joint effects on plant performance are more or less detrimental or beneficial than expected from their individual effects. Methods We conducted a factorial greenhouse experiment in which we manipulated the presence of aboveground herbivores (weevils), soil nematodes, and soil fungi using addition (weevil) or removal (fungicide, nematicide) treatments to test how these groups of organisms alone and in combination affectTriadica sebiferabiomass production, when grown individually or under intraspecific competition. Results Soil fungi and aboveground weevils alone each strongly decreased plant root and total biomass. Interestingly, soil nematodes alone slightly reduced plant biomass but they mitigated the negative impacts of aboveground weevils, indicating antagonism in their effects on plant biomass. However, in the presence of soil fungi this antagonism was less pronounced, illustrating the complexity of interactive effects of aboveground and belowground biota on plant biomass. Aboveground herbivory increased nematode infections, but only in the absence of soil fungi. Intraspecific competition strongly enhanced nematode infection loads and slightly decreasedT. sebiferaroot biomass but did not modulate the direction or the strength of interactions among these aboveground and belowground biota. Conclusions Our findings indicate that joint effects of antagonistic above- and belowground biota on plant performance can be less detrimental than expected from their individual effects. These results highlight the importance of considering the roles of plant aboveground and belowground interactions from a systems perspective
MBR-UV/Cl-2 system in treating polluted surface water with typical PPCP contamination
No full textThis study proposed the membrane bioreactor-ultraviolet/chlorine (MBR-UV/Cl-2) process for treating polluted surface water with pharmaceutical personal care product (PPCP) contamination. Results showed that MBR-UV/Cl-2 effectively removed the organic matters and ammonia at approximately 80% and 95%. MBR-UV/Cl-2 was used in the removal of sulfadiazine(SDZ), sulfamethoxazole(SMZ), tetracycline(TC), oxytetracycline(OTC), ciprofloxacin(CIP), ofloxacin(OFX), erythromycin(ERY), roxithromycin(ROX), ibuprofen(IBU) and, naproxen(NAX) at 12.18%, 95.61%, 50.50%, 52.97%, 33.56%, 47.71%, 87.57%, 93.38%, 93.80%, and 71.46% in which their UV/Cl-2 contribution was 12.18%, 95.61%, 29.04%, 38.14%, 25.94%, 7.20%, 80.28%, 33.79%, 73.08%, and 23.05%, respectively. The removal of 10 typical PPCPs using UV/Cl-2 obtained higher contributions than those of the MBR process, except OTC, ROX, and IBU. The UV/Cl-2 process with 3-min hydraulic retention time and chlorine concentration at 3 mg/L effectively removed the trace of PPCPs. MBR-UV/Cl-2 has the potential to be developed as an effective technology in treating polluted surface water with PPCP contamination.</p
Comparison of the Toxicity Effects of Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP) with Tributyl Phosphate (TNBP) Reveals the Mechanism of the Apoptosis Pathway in Asian Freshwater Clams (Corbicula fluminea)
No full textTo compare the toxicities of a chlorinated and a nonchlorinated organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) in this study, adult calms (Corbicula fluminea) were exposed to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP) and tributyl phosphate (TNBP) at 20, 200, and 2000 mu g/L for 30 days. Toxicity screening using transcriptomics indicated that the apoptosis pathway was significantly affected in the groups exposed to 2000 mu g/L TDCIPP and TNBP (p <= 0.05), and this finding was further confirmed by the protein interaction network. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay suggested that TDCIPP and TNBP can cause apoptosis. The significant (p <= 0.05) increases in the activities of caspases 3 and 8 obtained with all treatments and in that of caspase 9 obtained with 2000 mu g/L exposure treatments indicated the presence of mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, a noticeable dose-dependent increase in DNA damage was observed in all treatments, resulting in apoptosis. Therefore, our results demonstrate that TDCIPP and TNBP induce DNA damage and apoptosis in C. fluminea, which indicates that these chemicals pose an ecological risk to benthic organisms. Moreover, through a similar mechanism of action in apoptosis, TDCIPP induced more serious toxicity than TNBP, which indicated that chlorination or differences in structure-specific metabolism could be key factors influencing toxicity
Glutamate dehydrogenase plays an important role in ammonium detoxification by submerged macrophytes (vol 722, 137859, 2020)
No full textBdelloid rotifers (Rotifera, Bdelloidea) of China: diversity and new records
No full textBdelloid rotifers are a group of microscopic invertebrates known for their obligate parthenogenesis and exceptional resistance to extreme environments. Their diversity and distributions are poorly studied in Asia, especially in China. In order to better understand the species distribution and diversity of bdelloid rotifers in China, a scientific surveys of habitats was conducted with 61 samples (both terrestrial and aquatic habitats) from 11 provinces and regions of China, ranging from tropics to subtropics with a specific focus on poorly sampled areas (Oriental) during September 2017 to October 2018. A total of 59 morphospecies (including subspecies) were found, of which, thirty-nine morphospecies (including one genus) are new records for China, almost doubling the number of previous records. Four rare morphospecies (Adineta cf. acuticornis Haigh, A. beysunae Orstan, Habrotrocha ligula loxoglotta De Koning and H. serpens Donner) are depicted and redescribed, and an updated checklist of Chinese bdelloids with their location and ecological information is presented. This study provides new data from a large region of China, enriching the knowledge of bdelloid biodiversity, and their global biogeography
De Novo Genome Assembly of Limpet Bathyacmaea lactea (Gastropoda: Pectinodontidae): The First Reference Genome of a Deep-Sea Gastropod Endemic to Cold Seeps
No full textCold seeps, characterized by the methane, hydrogen sulfide, and other hydrocarbon chemicals, foster one of the most widespread chemosynthetic ecosystems in deep sea that are densely populated by specialized benthos. However, scarce genomic resources severely limit our knowledge about the origin and adaptation of life in this unique ecosystem. Here, we present a genome of a deepsea limpet Bathyacmaea lactea, a common species associated with the dominant mussel beds in cold seeps. We yielded 54.6 gigabases (Gb) of Nanopore reads and 77.9-Gb BGI-seq raw reads, respectively. Assembly harvested a 754.3-Mb genome for B. lactea, with 3,720 contigs and a contig N50 of 1.57 Mb, covering 94.3% of metazoan Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. In total, 23,574 protein-coding genes and 463.4 Mb of repetitive elements were identified. We analyzed the phylogenetic position, substitution rate, demographic history, and TE activity of B. lactea. We also identified 80 expanded gene families and 87 rapidly evolving Gene Ontology categories in the B. lactea genome. Many of these genes were associated with heterocyclic compound metabolism, membrane-bounded organelle, metal ion binding, and nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism. The high-quality assembly and in-depth characterization suggest the B. lactea genome will serve as an essential resource for understanding the origin and adaptation of life in the cold seeps