Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Mandarin fish (Sinipercidae) genomes provide insights into innate predatory feeding
No full textMandarin fishes (Sinipercidae) are piscivores that feed solely on live fry. Unlike higher vertebrates, teleosts exhibit feeding behavior driven mainly by genetic responses, with no modification by learning from parents. Mandarin fishes could serve as excellent model organisms for studying feeding behavior. We report a long-read, chromosomal-scale genome assembly for Siniperca chuatsi and genome assemblies for Siniperca kneri, Siniperca scherzeri and Coreoperca whiteheadi. Positive selection analysis revealed rapid adaptive evolution of genes related to predatory feeding/aggression, growth, pyloric caeca and euryhalinity. Very few gill rakers are observed in mandarin fishes; analogously, we found that zebrafish deficient in edar had a gill raker loss phenotype and a more predatory habit, with reduced intake of zooplankton but increased intake of prey fish. Higher expression of bmp4, which could inhibit edar expression and gill raker development through binding of a Xvent-1 site upstream of edar, may cause predatory feeding in Siniperca. He, Li, and Lv et al. took a genomics approach to study innate feeding behavior in mandarin fish. They identify genes related to predatory feeding that underwent rapid adaptive evolution. They also functionally validate the role of bmp4-edar pathway in inducing predatory feeding in zebrafish
Visual system: An understudied target of aquatic toxicology
No full textVisual system is increasingly recognized as a sensitive target of xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems. Various environmental pollutants of distinct physicochemical properties are able to impair the retinal development and function of teleost fishes, including dioxin-like pollutants, flame retardants, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl acids, retinoic acids and metals. Considering the availability of developmental and functional database, zebrafish has been the most frequently used as the teleost model to study aquatic visual toxicology. A diversity of visual deficits has been displayed for fishes across multiple levels of biological organizations (e.g., molecule, cell, histology, physiology and behavior). Covering sensitive developmental windows of eyes during early embryogenesis, acute or chronic exposure to xenobiotics can disturb the expressions of visual gene and protein markers, which affect the retinal neurogenesis and induce degeneration of neurons. Morphological structures and physiological responses of retina and optic rectum are then disorganized, eventually compromising the performance of visually-mediated behaviors and recruitment of individuals. Environmental pollutants can cross the blood-retina barrier and accumulate in eyes, which might impact visual system directly. In addition, pollutants are very likely to interrupt retinal development and function indirectly by disturbing the signaling of retinoids and thyroid. However, exact mechanisms of visual toxicity are largely unknown currently. In this review, the development and structure of retina and available tools for studying visual science are described briefly. Advances in visual toxicology are summarized in detail and outlooks for future visual toxicity studies are discussed
Metagenomic evidence reveals denitrifying community diversity rather than abundance drives nitrate removal in stormwater biofilters amended with different organic and inorganic electron donors
No full textVarious sole and mixed electron donors were tested to promote the denitrification rate and nitrate removal efficiency in biofilter systems with high phosphate and ammonia removal efficiency (92.6% and 95.3% respectively). Compared to sole electron donors, complex organic carbon (bits of wood and straw) substantially improved the denitrification rate and nitrate removal efficiency (from 6.3%-18.5% to35.4%) by shifting the denitrifying microbial community composition, even though the relative abundance of functional genes mediating denitrification decreased. The mixed electron donor combining complex organic carbon with sulfur, iron and CH4 further promoted nitrate removal efficiency by 37.2%. The significantly higher abundance and diversity of bacteria mediating organic carbon decomposition in the treatments with complex organic carbon indicated the continuous production of organic carbon with small molecular weights, which provided sustainable and effective electron donor for denitrification. However, sole sulfur or iron did not effectively promote the denitrification rate and nitrogen removal efficiency, even though the related microbial community had been formed. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Pathogenic characterization ofAeromonas salmonicidasubsp.masoucidaturbot isolate from China
No full textAeromonas salmonicidais a gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of furunculosis. AnA. salmonicidastrain was isolated from diseased turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with the sign of furunculosis from North China. Based onvapAgene, the strain was further classified asA. salmonicidasubsp.masoucidaRZ6S-1. Culturing RZ6S-1 strain at high temperature (28 degrees C) obtained the virulence attenuated strain RZ6S. Genome sequence comparison between the two strains revealed the loss of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) and type III secretion system (T3SS) from the native plasmid pAsmB-1 and pAsmC-1 of wild-type strain RZ6S-1, respectively. Further study demonstrated that the wild-type strain RZ6S-1, but not its derivative mutant RZ6S, can stimulate apoptosis. Elevated protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was detected from epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells infected with wild-type strain RZ6S-1 as compared with that infected with RZ6S strain. Meanwhile, the invasion of the mutant strain RZ6S was about 17-fold higher than the wild-type strain RZ6S-1, suggesting that some protein(s) fromA. salmonicidasubsp.masoucidaRZ6S-1 suppress its invasion. The RZ6S mutant strain was attenuated, since its LD(50)is over 10,000 times higher compared to the wild-type strain as revealed in the turbot infection model
近十年来赤水河不同江段鱼类群落年际变化特征
No full text赤水河是目前长江上游为数不多的仍然保持着自然流态的大型一级支流,同时也是长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分,在长江上游珍稀特有鱼类保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用。文章基于2007—2016年连续十年的渔获物监测数据,对赤水河不同江段鱼类群落结构的年际变化特征进行了分析。调查期间,赤水镇、赤水市和合江县3个调查江段共采集到鱼类7目20科84属133种,其中包括长江鲟Acipenser dabryanus和胭脂鱼Myxocyprinus asiaticus2种国家重点保护野生动物以及36种仅分布于长江上游地区的特有鱼类。鱼类物种数量呈现出随河流梯度向下游延伸而逐渐增加的趋势,其中赤水镇江段采集鱼类47种,赤水市江段采集鱼类90种,合江县江段采集鱼类120种。聚类分析和排序分析显示,赤水河不同江段鱼类群落结构均发生了较为明显的年际变化。主要表现为部分大中型鱼类在渔获物中的比例持续降低,其中赤水镇江段中华倒刺鲃Spinibarbus sinensis和白甲鱼Onychostoma sima的相对丰度由2007—2011的12.19%和14.26%降低至2012—2016年的0.66%和3.25%;赤水市江段中华倒刺鲃的相对丰度由2007—2008年的8.21%下降至2009—2013年的4.31%和2014—2016年的3.47%。此外,部分特有鱼类在渔获物中的比例逐年下降。合江县江段张氏?Hemiculter tchangi的相对丰度由2007年的8.41%下降至2008-2012年的7.98%和2013—2016年的1.51%;圆口铜鱼Coreius guichenoti的相对丰度由2007年的2.08%下降至2008—2012年的0.10%,2013—2016年则完全从渔获物中消失。造成赤水河鱼类群落结构变化的原因是多方面的,不仅包括流域内高强度的商业捕捞和日益增强的人类活动,而且还与整个长江上游的水域生态环境变化密切相关。为切实保护好赤水河鱼类资源,建议加强渔政管理,实施生态修复,同时加强科研监测
巢湖沿岸带底栖动物群落结构及其环境质量评价
No full text2013年3月、6月、9月和11月四个季度对巢湖沿岸带24个站点(12个区域)底栖动物进行调查,分析了群落结构特征并进行环境质量评价。本次调查共采集到底栖动物64属种,以寡毛类和水生昆虫为主,合计占总种类数的68.7%。底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量(无灰干重)分别是(1005±233)ind./m~2和(2.24±1.29)g/m~2。巢湖沿岸带底栖动物优势类群为颤蚓类和摇蚊幼虫。利用底栖动物种类数、寡毛类密度占比、摇蚊幼虫密度占比和软体动物密度占比四个指标,对巢湖沿岸带环境质量进行综合评价,结果显示巢湖东岸环境质量优于西岸,靠近合肥市的万年埠处于严重污染状态。典型对应分析结果表明,影响底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子有底质、电导率和总氮。建议通过改善底质环境,恢复水生植被,削减总氮等措施来恢复巢湖沿岸带底栖动物群落多样性,提高巢湖生态环境质量
头孢藻属中国新记录种
No full text头孢藻属(Cephaleuros)是一类寄生性藻,在分类学上位于绿藻门石莼纲橘色藻目橘色藻科。国内对头孢藻属的研究多见于它对经济作物和观赏植物的危害,而分类学研究较缺乏。为了全面系统地了解中国头孢藻属的多样性,于2012-2018年先后在多个省份采集头孢藻属标本60余份,并对其进行了形态分类学研究。结果显示,头孢藻属中国新记录种有6种,分别为:寄生头孢藻(Cephaleuros parasiticus Karsten)、德鲁特头孢藻(Cephaleuros drouetii Thompson&Wujek)、肿毛头孢藻(Cephaleuros tumidae-setae Thompson&Wujek)、散生头孢藻(Cephaleuros diffusus Thompson&Wujek)、宽阔头孢藻(Cephaleuros expansa Thompson&Wujek)、亨宁头孢藻(Cephaleuros henningsii Schmidle),对6个种的形态学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了照片资料
Bioconcentration of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae
No full text2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) is generally used as a brominated flame retardant but is produced in the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-A. Although TBP is frequently detected in the environment and in various biota, including fish species, we still know little about its toxicity and environmental health risk. Here we investigated the bioconcentration and effects of TBP on the thyroid endocrine system by using zebrafish as a model. Zebrafish embryos (2 h post-fertilization, hpf) were exposed to five concentrations of TBP (0, 0.3, 1, 10, and 100 mu g/L) until 144 hpf. According to our chemical analysis, TBP underwent bioconcentration in zebrafish larvae. However, acute exposure to TBP did not affect the hatching of embryos or their risk of malformation, nor the growth and survival of larvae, indicating low developmental toxicity of TBP. The whole-body thyroxine (T4) contents were significantly increased in zebrafish larvae after exposure to TBP, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption occurred. Gene transcription levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were also examined in larvae; these results revealed that the transcription of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh beta) were all significantly downregulated by exposure to TBP. Likewise, genes encoding thyronine deiodinases (dio1, dio2, and dio3a/b) and thyroid hormone receptors (tr alpha and tr beta) also had their transcription downregulated in zebrafish. Further, the gene transcription and protein expression of binding and transport protein transthyretin (TTR) were significantly increased after TBP exposure. Taken together, our results suggest the bioavailability of and potential thyroid endocrine disruption by TBP in fish
Annual changes in periphyton communities and their diatom indicator species, in the littoral zone of a subtropical urban lake restored by submerged plants
No full textBiological indicators of assessing surface waters depend on regionally based indices and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Periphytic algae often used as a potential biological assessment method for its environmental sensitivity characteristics. Here we studied the characteristics of the periphytic algae community and diatom species in the subtropical urban landscape lake known as West Lake, Hangzhou, China, which is in the process of ecological restoration. The changes in species composition, biomass and the community diversity of periphytic algae were determined. 71 taxa of 54 genera of periphytic algae were observed. The Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta dominated in the community. The Bacillariophytes exhibited the highest species richness, whereas the Cyanophytes showed the highest cell density. Principal component analysis environmental variables showed that the TN was main nutrient factor to periphytic algae in the West Lake. In terms of the relatively high TN contents characteristics in subtropical urban landscape lake West Lake, the ecological optimum values and tolerance values of TN about diatom were calculated by weighted regression method. Synedra capitata, Achnanthes minutissima, Gomphonema acuminatum, Navicula graciloides were extracted as indicator species for environmental gradients of TN in the West Lake. Those findings provide a theoretical basis for the use of diatoms biological index to improve the effectiveness of monitoring and evaluating the nutritional level of TN in urban landscape lakes system. It would be significant to identify the nutritional status of the subtropical shallow water bodies and advise related management
Unexpected Observations: Probiotic Administration Greatly Aggravates the Reproductive Toxicity of Perfluorobutanesulfonate in Zebrafish
No full textThe present study exposed adult zebrafish to 0, 10, and 100 mu g/L perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) with or without dietary supplement of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Interaction between probiotic and PFBS on sex endocrine and reproduction was investigated. It was striking to find that PFBS and probiotic coexposures almost ceased the fecundity, which was accompanied by disturbances in sex hormones and oocyte maturation in females. In contrast, probiotic additive efficiently antagonized the estrogenic activity of PFBS in males. For the first time, this study reported that probiotic heavily depended on sex to modulate the endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity of aquatic pollutants