Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Modeling the Ecological Response of a Temporarily Summer-Stratified Lake to Extreme Heatwaves
No full textClimate extremes, which are steadily increasing in frequency, can have detrimental consequences for lake ecosystems. We used a state-of-the-art, one-dimensional, hydrodynamic-ecosystem model [General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM)-framework for aquatic biogeochemical models (FABM)-PCLake] to determine the influence of extreme climate events on a temperate and temporarily summer stratified lake (Lake Bryrup, Denmark). The model was calibrated (eight years data) and validated (two years data), and the modeled variables generally showed good agreement with observations. Then, a span of extreme warming scenarios was designed based on weather data from the heatwave seen over northern Europe in May-July 2018, mimicking situations of extreme warming returning every year, every three years, and every five years in summer and all year round, respectively. We found only modest impacts of the extreme climate events on nutrient levels, which in some scenarios decreased slightly when looking at the annual mean. The most significant impacts were found for phytoplankton, where summer average chlorophyll a concentrations and cyanobacteria biomass peaks were up to 39% and 58% higher than during baseline, respectively. As a result, the phytoplankton to nutrient ratios increased during the heat wave experiments, reflecting an increased productivity and an increased cycling of nutrients in the pelagic. The phytoplankton blooms occurred up to 15 days earlier and lasted for up to half a month longer during heat wave years relative to the baseline. Our extreme scenarios illustrated and quantified the large impacts of a past heat wave (observed 2018) and may be indicative of the future for many temperate lakes
Differential Responses of Food Web Properties to Opposite Assembly Rules and Species Richness
No full textTrophic niches condition the energetic performance of species within food webs providing a vital link between food web assembly, species diversity, and functioning of ecosystems. Our understanding of this important link is, however, limited by the lack of empirical tools that can be easily applied to compare entire food webs at regional scales. By comparison, with different a priori synthetic models defined according to specific assembly rules (i.e., purely random, limiting similarity, and niche filtering), we demonstrate that a set of food web properties (trophic richness, evenness, and divergence) are controlled by ecological processes. We further demonstrate that although both limiting similarity and niche filtering are statistically significant assembly processes shaping our studied lake food webs, their relative importance is richness-dependent, and contextual to the specific food web property under consideration. Our results have both important theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, the observed richness-dependent variation on food web properties contradicts the common criticism on food web theory that food web properties are roughly scale-invariant. Practically, these properties can help avoiding spurious conclusions, while providing useful information for multiple food web niche spaces supporting the ecosystem functioning
Photoacclimation in freshwater diatoms: interspecific and inter-habitat comparisons
No full textDiatoms are a type of photosynthetic phytoplankton that can acclimate to the light level of their environment. Diatoms from different habitats exhibit different photoacclimation characteristics; those from relatively low-light intensity habitats present relatively high photosynthetic activity, high light-harvesting pigment (Chla) content, and low xanthophyll content. Conversely, diatoms from high-light intensity environments have lower photosynthetic activity, less Chla content, and efficient xanthophyll cycling. Hence, diatoms can maintain high growth and photosynthetic activity within a wide range of light intensities. Whether the mechanisms of such adaptability are a consequence of biological photoacclimation to different light intensities or interspecific differences is unknown. Here, we show that differences in photoacclimation ability are more significant than species differences. We found similar species compositions in low- and high-light habitats of the Hanjiang River, China; however, there were remarkable differences in rapid light-response curve parameters. The photoacclimation of algae and trends in their photosynthetic activity can be estimated by rapid detection techniques. We isolated three diatom species common to both habitats and grew them under various light intensities, finding that they have an excellent ability to acclimate to local light conditions. Diatoms can use physiological strategies to handle light fluctuations, but only for short periods. Our results provide a theoretical basis for controlling algal blooms through light management. With knowledge of the photoacclimation characteristics of diatoms and according to the availability of local water conservancy facilities, it is possible to use light management to control diatom blooms more efficiently than with conventional techniques, thereby reducing water usage
Contextual impacts on individual and synchronous breathing rate variations in three captive odontocete groups
No full textBreathing rates are often collected both in the wild and in captivity to inform on cetaceans' internal state. However, few studies have investigated the effect of various factors on this breathing rate. We investigated the variations of individual and synchronous breathing rates depending on individual features (species, sex, age), displayed behavior, social parameters (social grouping), and environmental parameters (diurnal variation, presence of enrichment, unusual events, and presence of visitors in three groups of captive odontocetes (Yangtze finless porpoises, Neophocaena asiaeorentalis asiaeorientalis, East-Asian finless porpoises, Neophocaena asiaeorentalis sunameri, bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus). Both individual and synchronous breathing rates were the highest when animals engaged in energetic or social behaviors. Individual breathing rate decreased but synchronous breathing rate increased with the presence of enrichment. Both rates increased during unusual events (e.g., pool cleaning, presence of a diver in the pool, noise, transport) and when public was present for Yangtze finless porpoises. Finally, synchronous breathing rate increased for Yangtze finless porpoises when experiencing social separation. We suggest that individual and synchronous breathing rates are useful parameters to measure, both in wild and captive animals, to obtain information on their arousal/stress state. However, these rates should be interpreted with caution and should be used together with other parameters to allow more accurate inferences
Genetic Differentiation of an Endangered Megalobrama terminalis Population in the Heilong River within the Genus Megalobrama
No full textMegalobrama terminalis, which inhabits the Sino-Russian Heilong-Amur River Basin, has decreased critically since the 1960s. It has been listed in the Red Book of Endangered Fish Species by the Russian Federation in 2004. To guide the utilization and conservation programs of M. terminalis in the Heilong River (MTH), 3.1 kb of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) concatenated sequences and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers (15 primer combinations) were applied to explore the genetic divergence and population differentiation of MTH within the genus Megalobrama. Clear genetic divergence between MTH and six other populations of the genus Megalobrama was found by haplotype network (mtDNA) and principal component (SRAP) analyses. Moreover, the STRUCTURE analysis based on SRAP data showed that MTH could be assigned to a particular cluster, whereas conspecific M. terminalis in the Qiantang River and Jinsha River Reservoir belonged to the same cluster. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Fst statistics for the mtDNA and SRAP data revealed significant genetic variance and differentiation among all detected populations. Taken together, the results suggest that MTH has a strong genetic differentiation from other populations within the genus Megalobrama, which contributes to effective utilization in artificial cultivation and breeding of MTH. Furthermore, these results also provide a scientific basis for the management of MTH as a separate conservation unit
River network alteration of C-N-P dynamics in a mesoscale agricultural catchment
No full textThe majority of freshwater ecosystems worldwide suffer from eutrophication, particularly because of agriculture-derived nutrient sources. In the European Union, a discrepancy exists between the scale of regulatory assessment and the size of research catchments. The Water Framework Directive sets water quality objectives at the mesoscale (50-500 km(2)), a scale at which both hillslope and in-stream processes influence carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics. Conversely, research catchments focus on headwaters to investigate hillslope processes while minimising the influence of river processes on C-N-P dynamics. Because hillslope and river processes have common hydro-climatic drivers, the relative influence of each on C-N-P dynamics is difficult to disentangle at the mesoscale. In the present study, we used repeated synoptic sampling throughout the river network of a 300 km2 intensively farmed catchment, spatial stochastic modelling and mass balance calculations to analyse this mesoscale conundrum. The main objective was to quantify how river processes altered C-N-P hydrochemical dynamics in different flow, concentration and temperature conditions. Our results show that flow was the main control of alterations of C-N-P dynamics in the river network, while temperature and source concentration had little or no influence. The influence of river processes peaked during low flow, with up to 50% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production, up to 100% of nitrate (NO3) retention and up to 50% of total phosphorus (TP) retention. Despite high percentages of river processes at low flow, their influence on annual loads was low for NO3 (median of 10%) and DOC (median of +25%) but too variable to draw conclusions for TP. Because of the differing river alteration rates among carbon and nutrients, stoichiometric ratios varied greatly from headwaters to the outlet especially during the eutrophication-sensitive low-flow season. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
三峡水库蓄水后期香溪河库湾浮游甲壳动物群落结构
No full text为了解三峡水库蓄水后期香溪河库湾浮游甲壳动物群落结构及其时空变化,于2015年1月至2017年12月对香溪河库湾浮游甲壳动物进行了逐月采样分析。共鉴定出浮游甲壳动物23种,其中枝角类10种,桡足类13种。出现频率较高的物种均为长江流域常见种,生物量和密度峰值分别出现在5月和6月,在1月和2月则未能采集到标本,生物量和密度在年际间差异显著,但群落组成差异不显著,群落季节变化规律表现为春季-夏季以蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex)和僧帽溞(Daphnia cucullata)大型枝角类占优势,秋季以简弧象鼻溞(Bosmina coregoni)小型种占优势。库中生物多样性指数高于库首和库尾,库首和库尾生物多样性指数差异不明显,生物多样性在季节上同样具有一定差异。CCA分析表明水温、叶绿素浓度和水深是解释浮游甲壳动物群落变化重要因素。我们的研究结果表明尽管香溪河库湾营养盐、水温、浮游甲壳动物生物量和密度均未达到稳定状态,但群落组成在年际间无显著性差异,浮游甲壳动物物种丰富度也高于蓄水初期,生物多样性指数存在一定的时空差异,适当程度的干扰有利于维持浮游甲壳动物较高的生物多样性
硅酸盐矿物麦饭石对沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)生长的促进效应
No full text沉水植物恢复是富营养化湖泊生态系统重建的关键措施.沉水植物的生长受到很多因素的影响.本文通过考察生长和生理生态指标研究了硅酸盐矿物麦饭石对苦草生长的影响,为其进一步应用于水生生态修复提供理论依据.结果表明,麦饭石可以显著促进苦草的生长.添加了麦饭石处理组的苦草的生物量、株高、叶数、根长等生长指标明显高于对照组.且改性麦饭石组优于麦饭石原石组.1 cm麦饭石处理组的苦草在生长旺盛期时,其光和色素、根系活力和过氧化氢酶酶活等生理生态指标的活力均较对照组有一定程度的提高,而丙二醛含量有所降低.检测结果发现麦饭石中含有丰富的植物生长所需的常量和微量元素,可见麦饭石可进一步应用于富营养化湖泊的生态修复中
长江中游干流鱼类群落构建机制分析
No full text研究选取长江中游5个采样点(宜昌、枝江、荆州、汉南、湖口)为代表,采用系统发育群落结构方法分析了不同空间尺度下长江中游鱼类群落的构建机制。结果表明:(1)空间聚类分析显示,在65%的相似性水平上,所有样点可以划分为3个Group:GroupⅠ(宜昌)、GroupⅡ(枝江+荆州)和Group Ⅲ(汉南+湖口);在55%的相似性水平上,所有样点可以划分为2个Group:Group A(宜昌)和Group B(枝江+荆州+汉南+湖口),且聚类分析结果与采样点的空间分布相符合。(2)在不同空间尺度下,鱼类群落构建机制存在差异:从地区采样点尺度来看,荆州江段鱼类群落表现为竞争作用主导群落构建,其余采样点鱼类群落均为环境过滤作用;从区域尺度来看,宜昌江段鱼类群落表现为环境过滤作用的建群机制,其余4个采样点在扩大空间尺度后,即分为Group A和Group B的情况下,其鱼类群落构建机制转变为物种间竞争作用。因此,长江中游干流鱼类群落构建机制表现了地区环境和空间尺度的共同作用。由于水流湍急,宜昌始终表现为环境过滤作用。其他江段在采样点尺度多数表现了环境过滤作用,但是在宏观的空间尺度上,却由于空间异质性的增加,容纳了远缘的物种,群落构建机制转换为竞争作用。这样的转变有别于陆生植物中由小尺度竞争作用转为大尺度环境过滤作用的情况
云南中部和南部湖泊夏季浮游植物空间分布及其影响因子
No full text高原湖泊是云南地区重要的淡水资源储库,目前面临富营养化、重金属污染等环境问题,持续的流域开发明显改变水生生物群落的结构特征与分布模式。浮游植物作为初级生产者,是湖泊食物网的重要基础。本研究以云南中部(8个)和南部(5个)的13个湖泊为对象,于2016年夏季进行浮游植物采样,结合水质数据和湖泊基础资料,对区域尺度上浮游植物的空间分布特征及其影响因子进行识别。结果表明: 13个湖泊中浮游植物共有7门72属161种;浮游植物群落结构除抚仙湖、差黑海和石林长湖外,其他湖泊均以蓝藻门为主; Jaccard相异性指数显示,滇池浮游植物群落组成与差黑海、长湖、月湖、阳宗海、长桥海和杞麓湖差异性最大(0.98),长桥海和大屯海浮游植物群落组成最相似(0.19); ANOSIM分析显示,云南中部和南部湖泊浮游植物群落结构差异性显著(R = 0.27,P<0.05);南部湖泊生物量总体高于中部湖泊(南部和北部平均生物量分别为105.87和29.27 mg·L~(-1); t检验: P<0.05); Pearson相关分析表明,浮游植物生物量与温度、总磷(TP) 、总氮(TN) 、砷和电导率呈显著正相关,与海拔和透明度显著负相关(P < 0.05,n = 13) 。典型对应分析(CCA)结果显示,总磷、氮磷比、锰、钙和空间变量(PCNM1)是影响云南中部和南部湖泊夏季浮游植物空间分布的主要因子;方差分解显示,营养水平(TN、TP) 、空间变量(PCNM5)和湖泊类型(水体面积)共同影响了云南中部和南部湖泊夏季浮游植物的空间分布,分别单独解释了群落变化的30.35%、4.90%和3.44%,人类活动与空间变量和湖泊类型分别共同解释了群落变化的6.52%和4.27%;在流域开发日益加强的背景下,水体富营养化已经成为影响该地区浮游植物群落构建的主控因子,而湖泊类型、空间分布等自然环境特征的驱动作用明显降低。因此,养分控制是云南富营养化湖泊环境治理和生态修复的关键内容,是高原湖泊藻类爆发防控和生物多样性保护的重要基础