Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Validation of the Chinese version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) a preliminary report
No full textThe present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). We recruited 68 patients with schizophrenia from the Chinese setting. The findings showed a generally consistent two-factor structure with the original version, namely “expression” and “motivation–pleasure.” There is a minor cultural variation in perceiving these items in the Chinese culture. However, the present study demonstrated that the Chinese version of the CAINS appears to be a valid and reliable clinical tool for the assessment of negative symptoms in the Chinese setting.The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (GAINS). We recruited 68 patients with schizophrenia from the Chinese setting. The findings showed a generally consistent two factor structure with the original version, namely "expression" and "motivation pleasure." There is a minor cultural variation in perceiving these items in the Chinese culture. However, the present study demonstrated that the Chinese version of the CAINS appears to be a valid and reliable clinical tool for the assessment of negative symptoms in the Chinese settin
信息推送-ESI中心理学及相关领域热点论文信息推送2015年第2期（总第22期）
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ESI中心理学及相关领域热点论文信息推送
——基于2015年3月更新数据
ESI（Essential Science Indicators）热点论文指近两年内发表的在近两个月内被引次数高居前千分之一的SCI/SSCI文章，即最近两个月内最受关注的文章。
本期入榜文章是2012年10月至2014年10月发表的文章中，在2014年11月和12月两个月内被引次数排名前千分之一的文章。数据更新时间为2015年3月5日。
本期ESI发布精神病学/心理学领域的热点文章76篇，其中首次入榜文章43篇。单篇最高被引188次，最低被引4次。被引188次的文章由苏格兰格拉斯哥大学神经科学与心理学研究所（Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology，University of Glasgow）的Dale J. Barr等人发表在Journal of Memory and Language上，标题为“Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: keep it maximal”，关于线性混合效应模型（Linear mixed-effects models，LMEMs）与随机效应（Random effects），已连续半年位居热点论文榜首。首次入榜的43篇中单篇最高被引37次的文章，由马普精神病学研究所（Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry ）的Mehta Divya等人合作发表在PNAS上，标题为“Childhood maltreatment is associated with distinct genomic and epigenetic profiles in posttraumatic stress disorder”，该研究发现创伤后应激障碍患者中儿童期受虐会导致基因发生表观遗传改变。
就研究主题而言，除精神分裂症、抑郁、双相障碍、自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍等精神疾病，视觉、注意、正念疗法、统计方法以及学习与记忆等心理学主题长期入榜之外，另有首次入榜主题和文章值得关注，如：
1-29： 美国国家精神卫生研究所提出的心理疾病的研究维度标准（Research Domain Criteria，RDoC）；
1-30：基于表现（performance-based）和基于评价的测量分别对执行功能的不同心理结构进行评价；
1-39：基于Facebook对人类行为属性及特征进行分析；
1-45：婚姻质量与身心健康关系的综述和元分析；
1-48：关于挑战情境下迷走神经控制与儿童适应性的综述；
1-59：人类合作更多是出于直觉——启发式（heuristics）决策在其中起主导作用；
1-61：老年群体工作记忆训练及迁移；
1-72：框架故事(the frame story)是如何影响认知的。
该领域所有热点文章的详细信息请见附表1（按文章被引次数排列）。
本期发布神经科学与行为领域热点文章89篇，其中首次入榜文章44篇。单篇最高被引333次，最低被引4次。被引333次的文章由美国心脏协会卒中委员会（Stroke Council of the American Heart Association）等团体作者发表在Stroke上，标题为“Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American heart association/American stroke association”，关于由美国心脏病协会/美国卒中协会提出的急性缺血性脑卒中（Acute ischemic stroke）的早期干预方针，已经连续4期位居该领域热点论文榜首。首次入榜的44篇中单篇最高被引64次的是加州大学圣地亚哥分校（UCSD）的Don W. Cleveland 等人发表在NEURON上的综述，标题为“Converging Mechanisms in ALS and FTD: Disrupted RNA and Protein Homeostasis ”，关于肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症和额颞叶型痴呆的共享机制。
就研究主题而言，除肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症和癫痫等神经系统疾病、阿尔茨海默症等神经系统退行性病、神经成像、神经胶质细胞、嗅觉、突触修剪以及神经系统发育等长期入榜的主题之外，另有首次入榜的主题和文章值得关注，如：
2-30：多巴胺奖赏信号系统；
2-31：角回（angular gyrus）；
2-36：关于肠-脑轴的综述；
2-38：决策中主观评价（subjective value）的神经信号关联；
2-45：利用遗传技术和病毒将一种光激活蛋白导入特定神经元从而揭示抑制食欲的神经回路；
2-54：去掉静息态fMRI 运动伪迹的方法；
2-55：关于精神益生菌（Psychobiotics）作为一种治疗精神疾病新方法的综述；
2-60：睡眠可能是中枢神经系统可塑性的必要组成；
2-63：人类胎儿妊娠中期详细大脑基因表达图谱；
2-74：利用光遗传技术发现皮肤表面的Merkel细胞可以感知触摸，其与皮肤神经元密切协作生成了人类感知到的微小细节和质感；
2-81：决策中计算的神经机制；
2-82：系统性音乐训练可以提高学习和社交能力不足儿童的语言加工能力。
该领域所有热点文章的详细信息请见附表2（按文章被引次数排列）。
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How character complexity modulates eye movement control in Chinese reading
No full textThis empirical study examined whether the visual complexities of the first and second characters in two-character words play similar roles in modulating the fixation time and saccade target selection during un-spaced Chinese reading. Consistent with prior research, words with low-complexity characters were fixated for shorter times than words with high-complexity characters. Critically, saccade target selection was primarily influenced by the visual complexity of the first character of a two-character word: words with low-complexity first characters were skipped more frequently, and fixation was localized nearer to the center of the word compared with the words with high-complexity first characters. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms of eye movement control in Chinese reading and thus provide benchmark data to test models of eye movement control in Chinese reading
Post-training corticosterone inhibits the return of fear evoked by platform stress and a subthreshold conditioning procedure in Sprague-Dawley rats
No full textThe return of fear is an important issue in anxiety disorder research. Each time a fear memory is reactivated, it may further strengthen overactivation of the fear circuit, which may contribute to long-term maintenance of the fear memory. Recent evidence indicates that glucocorticoids may help attenuate pathological fear, but its role in the return of fear is unclear. In the present study, systemic corticosterone (CORT; 25 mg/kg) administration 1 h after fear conditioning did not impair the consolidation process but significantly suppressed the return of fear evoked by a subthreshold conditioning (SC) procedure and elevated platform (EP) stress. Compared with the SC-induced return of fear, acute stress-induced return was state-dependent. In addition, post-training CORT treatment increased the adrenocorticotropic response after EP stress, which indicates that the drug-induced suppression of the return of fear may possibly derive from its regulation effect of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to stress. These results suggest that post-training CORT administration may help inhibit the return of fear evoked by EP or SC stress. The possible mechanisms involved in the high-dose CORT-induced suppression of the SC- and EP-induced return of fear are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Cinnamic aldehyde treatment alleviates chronic unexpected stress-induced depressive-like behaviors via targeting cyclooxygenase-2 in mid-aged rats
No full textEthnopharmacological relevance: COX-2 has been considered as a potent molecular target for prevention and therapy of depression. However, a recent study showed that COX-2 inhibitor does not improve depressive symptoms in persons aged 70 and over. Therefore, whether treatments targeting COX-2 have a clinical efficacy in depression, especially elderly individuals, remains unclear. Cinnamic aldehyde is a major constituent of Cinnamomum cassia, which has exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activities as a COX-2 inhibitor. To investigate the potential antidepressant effect of cinnamic aldehyde in mid-aged rats
Electrophysiological dynamics reveal distinct processing of stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response conflicts
No full textThe present study examined electroencephalogram profiles on a novel stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) task in order to elucidate the distinct brain mechanisms of stimulus-stimulus (S-S) and stimulus-response (S-R) conflict processing. The results showed that the SRC effects on reaction times (RTs) and N2 amplitudes were additive when both S-S and S-R conflicts existed. We also observed that, for both RTs and N2 amplitudes, the conflict adaptation effectsthe reduced SRC effect following an incongruent trial versus a congruent trialwere present only when two consecutive trials involved the same type of conflict. Time-frequency analysis revealed that both S-S and S-R conflicts modulated power in the theta band, whereas S-S conflict additionally modulated power in the alpha and beta bands. In summary, our findings provide insight into the domain-specific conflict processing and the modular organization of cognitive control
The hidden opportunity cost of time effect on intertemporal choice
No full textAn interesting phenomenon called "hidden opportunity cost of time effect" was detected in intertemporal choices. The majority of our participants preferred the smaller but sooner (SS) option to the larger but later (LL) option if opportunity cost was explicit. However, a higher proportion of participants preferred the LL to SS option if opportunity cost was hidden. This shift violates the invariance principle and opens a new way to encourage future-oriented behavior. By simply mentioning the "obvious" opportunity cost of alternatives, decision makers can be more informed in prioritizing their long-term goals rather than short-term goals
USE OF THE STATE-TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY WITH CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN CHINA: ISSUES WITH REACTION TIMES
No full textThe State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y; STAI-Y) is a balanced scale with a complex factor structure. Using survey data from children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province, China (N = 1,275), we conducted confirmatory factor analysis to clarify the number of factors in this instrument and to investigate the relationship between reaction time (RT) and anxiety. Results revealed the following 3 dimensions for the STAI-Y: anxiety absent, anxiety present, and general anxiety. Compared with those who answered all the questions (58%), those who missed questions (42%) had a lower education level, a longer RT, and higher scores for items indicating the presence of state or trait anxiety. Our results could provide innovative directions for the improvement and expansion of research using the STAI-Y with children and adolescents
Genetic linkage analysis in the age of whole-genome sequencing
No full textFor many years, linkage analysis was the primary tool used for the genetic mapping of Mendelian and complex traits with familial aggregation. Linkage analysis was largely supplanted by the wide adoption of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, with the recent increased use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS), linkage analysis is again emerging as an important and powerful analysis method for the identification of genes involved in disease aetiology, often in conjunction with WGS filtering approaches. Here, we review the principles of linkage analysis and provide practical guidelines for carrying out linkage studies using WGS data
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