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Schizotypy as An Organizing Framework for Social and Affective Sciences
No full textSchizotypy, defined in terms of commonly occurring personality traits related to the schizophrenia spectrum, has been an important construct for understanding the neurodevelopment and stress-diathesis of schizophrenia. However, as schizotypy nears its sixth decade of application, it is important to acknowledge its impressively rich literature accumulating outside of schizophrenia research. In this article, we make the case that schizotypy has considerable potential as a conceptual framework for understanding individual differences in affective and social functions beyond those directly involved in schizophrenia spectrum pathology. This case is predicated on (a) a burgeoning literature noting anomalies in a wide range of social functioning, affiliative, positive and negative emotional, expressive, and social cognitive systems, (b) practical and methodological features associated with schizotypy research that help facilitate empirical investigation, and (c) close ties to theoretical constructs of central importance to affective and social science (eg, stress diathesis, neural compensation). We highlight recent schizotypy research, ie providing insight into the nature of affective and social systems more generally. This includes current efforts to clarify the neurodevelopmental, neurobiological, and psychological underpinnings of affiliative drives, hedonic capacity, social cognition, and stress responsivity systems. Additionally, we discuss neural compensatory and resilience factors that may mitigate the expression of stress-diathesis and functional outcome, and highlight schizotypy's potential role for understanding cultural determinants of social and affective functions
ESI中心理学及相关领域热点论文信息推送2015年第1期（总第21期）
No full text
ESI中心理学及相关领域热点论文信息推送
——基于2015年1月更新数据
ESI（Essential Science Indicators）热点论文指近两年内发表的在近两个月内被引次数高居前千分之一的SCI/SSCI文章，即最近两个月内最受关注的文章。
本期入榜文章是2012年8月至2014年8月发表的文章中，在2014年9月和10月两个月内被引次数排名前千分之一的文章。数据更新时间为2015年1月7日。
本期ESI发布精神病学/心理学领域的热点文章67篇，其中首次入榜文章44篇。单篇最高被引154次，最低被引3次。首次入榜的44篇中单篇最高被引为47次。被引154次的文章由苏格兰格拉斯哥大学神经科学与心理学研究所（Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology，University of Glasgow）的Dale J. Barr等人发表在Journal of Memory and Language上，标题为“Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: keep it maximal”，关于线性混合效应模型（Linear mixed-effects models，LMEMs）与随机效应（Random effects），在上期同样位居热点论文榜首。首次入榜的44篇中单篇最高被引47次的文章，由伦敦国王学院儿童青少年精神病系（Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry，King's College London）的Rubia, K等人合作发表在JAMA PSYCHIATRY上，标题为“Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects”，关于ADHD患儿执行抑制和注意任务时fMRI研究的元分析。
就研究主题而言，除精神分裂症、抑郁、双相障碍、自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍等长期入榜之外，另有首次入榜主题和文章值得关注，如：
1-18：阴性症状临床评估面试（Clinical assessment interview for negative symptoms，CAINS）；
1-28：有关视觉工作记忆容量的综述；
1-35：刻板印象威胁（Stereotype threat）；
1-43：黑暗三合一（Dark triad）人格组合；
1-45：预测创造力（Creativity）的新模型；
1-48：关于欺骗与欺骗觉察的新理论——真相缺省理论（Truth-default theory，TDT)；
1-66：工作记忆与流体智力（Fluid intelligence）。
该领域所有热点文章的详细信息请见附表1（按文章被引次数排列）。
本期发布神经科学与行为领域热点文章92篇，其中首次入榜文章44篇。单篇最高被引281次，最低被引3次。被引281次的文章由美国心脏协会卒中委员会（Stroke Council of the American Heart Association）等团体作者发表在Stroke上，标题为“Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American heart association/American stroke association”，关于由美国心脏病协会/美国卒中协会提出的急性缺血性脑卒中（Acute ischemic stroke）的早期干预方针，已经连续3期位居该领域热点论文榜首。首次入榜的44篇中单篇最高被引53次的文章是加州大学洛杉矶大卫格芬医学院（David Geffen School of Medicine，University of California, Los Angeles）的Christopher C. Giza等人的工作，发表在NEUROLOGY上，标题为“Summary of evidence-based guideline update: evaluation and management of concussion in sports report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American academy of neurology”，关于运动相关脑震荡(Sports concussion)评估与诊断的新版指南。
就研究主题而言，除肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症和多发性硬化症等神经系统疾病、阿尔茨海默症等神经系统退行性病和神经系统发育等长期入榜的主题之外，另有首次入榜的主题和文章值得关注，如：
2-37：关于钠离子通道NaV1.7与痛觉信号传导的综述；
2-41：从第二者（Second-person）角度出发研究社会神经科学；
2-56：星形胶质细胞通过选择性地除去突触修整了神经细胞回路；
2-61：关于结构与功能脑网络的综述；
2-62：基底前脑胆碱能神经元快速调节皮层活动性和视知觉；
2-63： GDF11蛋白可逆转小鼠衰老迹象；
2-65：关于自闭症谱系障碍与智障（Intellectual disability）共享功能通路改变的综述；
2-79： Suvorexant（通过拮抗中枢食欲素orexin受体而增加实验动物及健康成年人的睡眠）治疗慢性失眠的安全性与有效性；
2-84：动物学习分类不同圆点图案时来自纹状体和前额叶的脑波变成同步的；
2-90：阅读障碍（Dyslexia）。
该领域所有热点文章的详细信息请见附表2（按文章被引次数排列）。
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ESI中心理学及相关领域热点论文信息推送2015年第3期（总第23期）
No full textESI中心理学及相关领域热点论文信息推送
——基于2015年5月更新数据
ESI（Essential Science Indicators）热点论文指近两年内发表的在近两个月内被引次数高居前千分之一的SCI/SSCI文章，即最近两个月内最受关注的文章。
本期入榜文章是2012年12月至2014年12月发表的文章中，在2015年1月和2月两个月内被引次数排名前千分之一的文章。数据更新时间为2015年5月7日。
本期ESI发布精神病学/心理学领域的热点文章81篇，其中首次入榜文章53篇。单篇最高被引225次，最低被引3次。被引225次的文章由苏格兰格拉斯哥大学神经科学与心理学研究所（Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology，University of Glasgow）的Dale J. Barr等人发表在Journal of Memory and Language上，标题为“Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: keep it maximal”，关于线性混合效应模型（Linear mixed-effects models，LMEMs）与随机效应（Random effects），已连续4期位居热点论文榜首。首次入榜的53篇中单篇最高被引31次的文章，由荷兰爱因霍芬科技大学（Eindhoven University of Technology ）的Daniel Lakens发表在Frontiers in Psychology上，标题为“Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs”，是一篇关于效应值（Effect sizes）的研究。
就研究主题而言，除心理统计、认知、疼痛、精神分裂症、抑郁、双相障碍、自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍等长期入榜之外，另有首次入榜主题和文章值得关注，如：
1-24：情绪调节（Emotion regulation）；
1-33：关于HPA轴在社会压力缓冲调控中所起作用的综述；
1-37：关于童年累积风险（Cumulative risk，CR）与儿童发展的综述；
1-38：关于实施和报告脑电图与脑磁图研究的指导方针；
1-41：社会性痛楚（social distress）与躯体性疼痛；
1-46：关于作为认知控制机制之一的额叶theta波(frontal theta)的综述；
1-47：在实践中促进公众心理健康；
1-48：儿童睡眠数量和质量的下降可预测其抑郁、焦虑等适应性问题的发生；
1-55：社会发展对价值观的影响：来自墨西哥南部玛雅（maya）文化分布区的调查；
1-70：关于无意识状态下的信息整合的综述。
该领域所有热点文章的详细信息请见附表1（按文章被引次数排列）。
本期发布神经科学与行为领域热点文章92篇，其中首次入榜文章44篇。单篇最高被引407次，最低被引3次。被引407次的文章由美国心脏协会卒中委员会（Stroke Council of the American Heart Association）等团体作者发表在Stroke上，标题为“Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American heart association/American stroke association”，关于由美国心脏病协会/美国卒中协会提出的急性缺血性脑卒中（Acute ischemic stroke）的早期干预方针，已经连续5期位居该领域热点论文榜首。首次入榜的44篇中单篇最高被引72次的是麻省总医院（Massachusetts General Hospital）的Rudolph E. Tanzi等人发表在Neuron上的工作，标题为“Alzheimers disease risk gene CD33 inhibits microglial uptake of amyloid beta ”，介绍了调控蛋白CD33会阻碍机体清除β-淀粉样斑块进而导致阿尔茨海默症的发生。
就研究主题而言，除肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症和癫痫等神经系统疾病、阿尔茨海默症等神经系统退行性病、神经系统发育、可塑性、学习记忆等长期入榜的主题之外，另有首次入榜的主题和文章值得关注，如：
2-33：一种名为SeeDB的果糖水溶液，在三天内使小鼠胚胎和大脑透明化，且并未干扰样本原有的形态和化学性质；
2-51：识别并逆转帕金森患者iPS细胞生成神经元中的α-突触核蛋白（α-Synuclein）的毒性；
2-56：额顶叶中枢执行网络（central executive network，CEN）、带状盖突显网络（cingulo-opercular salience network）以及默认模式网络之间的关联；
2-59：情感的认知重评——关于人类神经成像研究的元分析；
2-65：光通过视网膜感光神经节细胞（Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells，ipRGCs）影响人类生理状态和行为方式；
2-68：中缝背核（Dorsal Raphe Nucleus, DRN）神经元通过5-HT和谷氨酸盐（glutamate）信号调节奖赏；
2-70：关于杏仁核环路在条件性恐惧（conditioned fear）调节中所起作用的综述；
2-73：视觉皮层神经元间的兴奋—抑制平衡；
2-82：老龄化对脑干和皮层加工语言信息能力的影响。
该领域所有热点文章的详细信息请见附表2（按文章被引次数排列）。<br /
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on motor response inhibition: An ERP study using the stop-signal task
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute exercise on motor response inhibition using both behavioral and electrophysiological approaches
Investigating genetic and environmental contributions to adolescent externalizing behavior in a collectivistic culture: a multi-informant twin study
No full textBackground. Little is known about the etiology of adolescents' externalizing behavior (Ext) in collectivistic cultures. We aimed to fill this gap by investigating the genetic and environmental influences on Ext in Chinese adolescents. The etiological heterogeneity of aggression (AGG) and rule breaking (RB) was also examined
The triple-bottom-line of corporate responsibility: Assessing the attitudes of present and future business professionals across the BRICs
No full textResearch on corporate responsibility (CR), a topic that has grown in importance over the past few decades, has focused primarily on developed countries. In this study, we look to the future and direct our attention to the values/attitudes of business professionals in two high-growth economies of the Asia Pacific; namely, China and India. These two countries, coupled with Brazil and Russia, make up the BRIC countries, which together and individually are increasingly becoming integral members of the global economic powerbase. Our attention in this paper is upon the triple-bottom-line-economic, social, and environmental-of CR. Using crossvergence theory as our theoretical foundation, we investigate the influence of specific macro-level socio-cultural and business ideology factors upon the triple-bottom-line of CR across the BRICs. We also investigated the meso-level trending similarities/differences in CR attitudes within and across these countries for both present generation and future generation business professionals. At the macro-level, we found that socio-cultural values were the best predictor of CR attitudes. At the generational level, we found that the future generation in these developing/transitioning countries placed more importance on economic CR than on social or environmental CR. In sum, the BRIC countries provide potentially fruitful contexts for future research, for which this study lays a foundation
Prefrontal cortex and the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia
No full textSchizophrenia is hypothesized to arise from disrupted brain connectivity. This "dysconnectivity hypothesis" has generated interest in discovering whether there is anatomical and functional dysconnectivity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and other brain regions, and how this dysconnectivity is linked to the impaired cognitive functions and aberrant behaviors of schizophrenia. Critical advances in neuroimaging technologies, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), make it possible to explore these issues. DTI affords the possibility to explore anatomical connectivity in the human brain in vivo and fMRI can be used to make inferences about functional connections between brain regions. In this review, we present major advances in the understanding of PFC anatomical and functional dysconnectivity and their implications in schizophrenia. We then briefly discuss future prospects that need to be explored in order to move beyond simple mapping of connectivity changes to elucidate the neuronal mechanisms underlying schizophrenia
The theory-of-mind network in support of action verb comprehension: Evidence from an fMRI study
No full textThe theory-of-mind (TOM) network refers to a specific group of brain regions implicated in the thinking of people's mental states. It remains unclear how this network contributes to verb comprehension. In the present study, we compared brain activations evoked by verbs that refer to social actions, private actions, and nonhuman events. All classic regions of the ToM network, including the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) whose activation during word comprehension is typically interpreted as the processing of motion properties, showed stronger activations to social action verbs than the others. These findings indicate that the ToM network is involved in the processing of social/mental knowledge of verb meanings. Furthermore, the activation of the pSTS during word comprehension mainly reflects the processing of social/mental properties but not that of biological-motion properties. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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