Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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信息推送-汤森路透：2014年度全球最具影响力科学家
No full text汤森路透：2014年度全球最具影响力科学家
2014年6月18日，汤森路透知识产权与科学部(Thomson Reuters-Intellectual Property and Science business )发布《2014年度全球最具影响力科学家》（The World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds:2014），列举全世界范围内发表获得同行高频引用论文的顶级科学家。
全球最具影响力科学家，或者可称为高被引科学家（Highly Cited Researchers，指与同一领域同一发表年份的其他作者相比，这些科学家发表的文章的被引频次位列全球前1%）。
该名单基于汤森路透文献计量专家通过ESI（Essential Science Indicators）数据及相关评论等两个独立研究完成。通过对2001至2012年间21个学科领域发文情况进行分析，同时对发表过被引频次进入同领域同年份前1%文章的作者进行追踪，汤森路透确认其发文在所属研究领域十分重要且有价值。该名单从全球3200位科学家中遴选出来。由汤森路透与上海交通大学世界一流大学研究中心（Center for World-Class Universities，CWCU）合作完成。
其中，神经科学与行为领域高影响力科学家（P77-79）、精神病学/心理学（P93-95）两个领域的高影响力科学家可供参考。
附件为报告全文。<br /
信息推送-澳大利亚宣布对848项研究注资5.8亿澳元（附心理学、认知科学及神经科学分类项目清单）
No full text
NHMRC Grants
澳大利亚宣布对848项研究注资5.8亿澳元（附心理学、认知科学及神经科学分类项目清单）
2014年10月17日，澳大利亚总理the Hon Tony Abbott MP和卫生部部长the Hon Peter Dutton MP共同宣布通过国家健康与医学研究理事会（NHMRC）对澳848项新研究进行资助，总额达到5.8亿澳元，下表为各项基金金额分配：
Grant type
Funding commitments
#Grants
Project Grants
7.3 million
8
Centres of Research Excellence
39.4 million
125
Career Development Fellowships
1.7 million
10
Equipment grants
32.7 million
26
Total for All New Commitments
580.2 million
848
全部受资助项目中分类为认知科学、神经科学和心理学的共计99项，总金额将近6000万。其中认知科学2项，资助金额约75万；神经科学82项，资助金额约5284万；心理学15项，资助金额约605万。项目标题、关键词及资助金额等详细信息请见下表：
Simplified Title
TOTAL
FOR Category
Field of Research
Research KW 1
Research KW 2
Extinguishing fearful and addictive brain during adolescence
411,768
PSYCHOLOGY
Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, Physiological Psychology)
adolescence
fear
Distinguishing self from world: understanding the neural basis of schizophrenia
309,436
PSYCHOLOGY
Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, Physiological Psychology)
schizophrenia and related disorders
mental illness
Helping children recover from traumatic stress: The role of caregivers and professionals
441,540
PSYCHOLOGY
Developmental Psychology and Ageing
brain development
social networks
Walking out of the darkness – Developing physical activity habits in Australians with depressive symptoms
309,436
PSYCHOLOGY
Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
low back pain
pain management
A memory retrieval - extinction procedure to prevent relapse to drug seeking
484,937
PSYCHOLOGY
Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, Physiological Psychology)
fear
anxiety
Gene Expression Signature Technology to Repurpose Drugs for Bipolar Disorder
823,663
PSYCHOLOGY
Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, Physiological Psychology)
brain tumours
aphasia
The impact of faulty relevance filtering in schizophrenia.
448,485
PSYCHOLOGY
Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
Parkinson disease
visual cortex
A window of vulnerability: Impaired fear inhibition in adolescent rats
378,532
PSYCHOLOGY
Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, Physiological Psychology)
amygdala
oxytocin
Restoring cognitive function using brain stimulation: Investigating the neurobiological and neurocognitive effects of non-invasive brain stimulation in schizophrenia.
411,768
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Neurocognitive Patterns and Neural Networks
neuromodulation
cognition
Disruption of the ability to simulate one’s personal future: insights from epilepsy and implications for neurosurgical planning and presurgical counselling
342,077
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Neurocognitive Patterns and Neural Networks
memory related disorders
temporal lobe epilepsy
Understanding how the brain senses and encodes hunger and satiety
455,452
NEUROSCIENCES
Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
motor neuron disease (MND)
Innovative and multi-disciplinary treatment strategies for secondary degeneration following neurotrauma
411,768
NEUROSCIENCES
Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
concussion
translational research
Predicting and Improving Multiple Sclerosis treatment outcomes
2,500,000
NEUROSCIENCES
Central Nervous System
stroke rehabilitation
stroke outcome
Strengthening functional connectivity in the ageing brain.
309,436
NEUROSCIENCES
Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
bipolar disorder
emotion
Vascular risk factors for incident dementia and brain ageing
371,844
NEUROSCIENCES
Sensory Systems
visual perception
macular degeneration
A convergent approach to define the behavioural and pathophysiological signatures of neuropsychiatric symptoms
433,186
NEUROSCIENCES
Central Nervous System
chronic pain
neuroimaging
Acute Stroke Care: rapid unblocking of vessels, mending ruptures, and recovery
258,605
NEUROSCIENCES
Central Nervous System
neurology
neurogenetics
The role of gastric vagal afferents in the food intake reducing effect of oestradiol
$309,436
NEUROSCIENCES
Peripheral Nervous System
vagus nerve
oestrogen
Preclinical assessment of the potential utility of oxytocin and a novel oxytocin agonist for the treatment of substance
Intervention-induced enhancement in intrinsic brain activity in healthy older adults
No full textThis study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention on spontaneous brain activity in healthy older adults. Seventeen older adults received a six-week intervention that consisted of cognitive training, Tai Chi exercise, and group counseling, while 17 older adults in a control group attended health knowledge lectures. The intervention group demonstrated enhanced memory and social support compared to the control group. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and anterior cerebellum lobe was enhanced for the intervention group, while the control group showed reduced ALFF in these three regions. Moreover, changes in trail-making performance and well-being could be predicted by the intervention-induced changes in ALFF. Additionally, individual differences in the baseline ALFF were correlated with intervention-related changes in behavioral performance. These findings suggest that a multimodal intervention is effective in improving cognitive functions and well-being and can induce functional changes in the aging brain. The study extended previous training studies by suggesting resting-state ALFF as a marker of intervention-induced plasticity in older adults
Spatial Stroop interference occurs in the processing of radicals of ideogrammic compounds
No full textIn this study, we investigated whether the meanings of radicals are involved in reading ideogrammic compounds in a spatial Stroop task. We found spatial Stroop effects of similar size for the simple characters ("up") and ("down") and for the complex characters ("nervous") and ("nervous"), which are ideogrammic compounds containing a radical or, in Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 3, the spatial Stroop effects were also similar for the simple characters ("east") and ("west") and for the complex characters ("state") and ("spray"), which contain and as radicals. This outcome occurred regardless of whether the task was to identify the character (Exps. 1 and 3) or its location (Exp. 2). Thus, the spatial Stroop effect emerges in the processing of radicals just as it does for processing simple characters. This finding suggests that when reading ideogrammic compounds, (a) their radicals' meanings can be processed and (b) ideogrammic compounds have little or no influence on their radicals' semantic processing
Differential Muscarinic Modulation of Synaptic Transmission in Dorsal and Ventral Regions of the Rat Nucleus Accumbens Core
No full textThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) core is critical in the control of motivated behaviors. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) modulating the excitatory inputs into the NAc core have been reported to impact such behaviors. Recent studies suggest that ventral and dorsal regions of the NAc core seem to be innervated by distinct populations of glutamatergic projection neurons. To further examine mAChRs modulation of these glutamatergic inputs to the NAc core, we employed intracellular recordings in rat NAc coronal slice preparation to characterize: 1) the effects of muscarine, an mAChRs agonist, on membrane properties of the NAc core neurons; 2) depolarizing synaptic potentials (DPSP) elicited by ventral and dorsal focal electrical stimuli; and 3) paired-pulse response with paired-pulse stimulation. Here we report that the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) elicited by dorsal stimuli was greater than that elicited by ventral stimuli. Bath application of muscarine (1-30 mu M) decreased both ventral and dorsal DPSP in a concentration-dependent manner, with no effect on electrophysiological properties of NAc core neurons. Muscarine at 30 mu M also elicited larger depression of dorsal DPSP than ventral DPSP. Moreover, muscarine increased the PPR of both dorsal and ventral DPSP. These data indicate that the glutamatergic afferent fibers traversing the dorsal and ventral NAc are separate, and that differential decrease of distinct afferent excitatory neurotransmission onto NAc core neurons may be mediated by presynaptic mechanisms
Maternal face processing in Mosuo preschool children
No full textInstinctively responding to maternal face is an evolutionary function of enhancing survival and development. However, because of the confounding nature of familiarity, little is known concerning the neural mechanism involved in maternal face recognition. We had a rare opportunity to examine Mosuo preschool children who were raised in a matrilineal society in which mothers and aunts represent equally familiar faces to the children. The participants were exposed to photographs of their mother's face, aunt's face, and an unfamiliar female's faces during electroencephalography (EEG) recording. The EEG results showed that the mother's face elicited a more negative N1 component, a larger left N170 component, and a larger P300 component; both the mother's and aunt's faces elicited a larger right N170 component. These results suggest that the emotional attachment between mother and child has neural ramifications across three successive face processing stages that are distinguished from the neural effects of facial familiarity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Brain Network Informed Subject Community Detection In Early-Onset Schizophrenia
No full textEarly-onset schizophrenia (EOS) offers a unique opportunity to study pathophysiological mechanisms and development of schizophrenia. Using 26 drug-naive, first-episode EOS patients and 25 age- and gender-matched control subjects, we examined intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) deficits underlying EOS. Due to the emerging inconsistency between behavior-based psychiatric disease classification system and the underlying brain dysfunctions, we applied a fully data-driven approach to investigate whether the subjects can be grouped into highly homogeneous communities according to the characteristics of their ICNs. The resultant subject communities and the representative characteristics of ICNs were then associated with the clinical diagnosis and multivariate symptom patterns. A default mode ICN was statistically absent in EOS patients. Another frontotemporal ICN further distinguished EOS patients with predominantly negative symptoms. Connectivity patterns of this second network for the EOS patients with predominantly positive symptom were highly similar to typically developing controls. Our post-hoc functional connectivity modeling confirmed that connectivity strength in this frontotemporal circuit was significantly modulated by relative severity of positive and negative syndromes in EOS. This study presents a novel subtype discovery approach based on brain networks and proposes complex links between brain networks and symptom patterns in EOS
Predicting Active Users' Personality Based on Micro-Blogging Behaviors
No full textBecause of its richness and availability, micro-blogging has become an ideal platform for conducting psychological research. In this paper, we proposed to predict active users' personality traits through micro-blogging behaviors. 547 Chinese active users of micro-blogging participated in this study. Their personality traits were measured by the Big Five Inventory, and digital records of micro-blogging behaviors were collected via web crawlers. After extracting 845 micro-blogging behavioral features, we first trained classification models utilizing Support Vector Machine (SVM), differentiating participants with high and low scores on each dimension of the Big Five Inventory. The classification accuracy ranged from 84% to 92%. We also built regression models utilizing PaceRegression methods, predicting participants' scores on each dimension of the Big Five Inventory. The Pearson correlation coefficients between predicted scores and actual scores ranged from 0.48 to 0.54. Results indicated that active users' personality traits could be predicted by micro-blogging behaviors
Inactivation of the prelimbic rather than infralimbic cortex impairs acquisition and expression of formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance
No full textConditioned place avoidance (CPA) paradigm has been used to investigate the affective component of pain. Although the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the affective aspect of pain, whether the other prefrontal subdivisions are involved in pain-related aversion is unknown. The present study investigated the role of the prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL) in the acquisition and expression of formalin-induced CPA (F-CPA) in rats. GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol was bilaterally microinjected into PL/IL before or after the formalin-paired training, to explore the effect of temporary inactivation of PL/IL on the acquisition and expression of F-CPA, respectively. The results showed that inactivation of PL rather than IL impaired the acquisition and expression of F-CPA. Moreover, the PL inactivation did not block the acquisition of LiCl-induced CPA, suggesting that PL may be specifically implicated in the pain-emotion related encoding. These results indicate that PL but not IL is involved in the aversive dimension of pain. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Test-retest reliabilities of resting-state FMRI measurements in human brain functional connectomics: A systems neuroscience perspective
No full textResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RFMRI) enables researchers to monitor fluctuations in the spontaneous brain activities of thousands of regions in the human brain simultaneously, representing a popular tool for macro-scale functional connectomics to characterize normal brain function, mind-brain associations, and the various disorders. However, the test-retest reliability of RFMRI remains largely unknown. We review previously published papers on the test-retest reliability of voxel-wise metrics and conduct a meta-summary reliability analysis of seven common brain networks. This analysis revealed that the heteromodal associative (default, control, and attention) networks were mostly reliable across the seven networks. Regarding examined metrics, independent component analysis with dual regression, local functional homogeneity and functional homotopic connectivity were the three mostly reliable RFMRI metrics. These observations can guide the use of reliable metrics and further improvement of test-retest reliability for other metics in functional connectomics. We discuss the main issues with low reliability related to sub-optimal design and the choice of data processing options. Future research should use large-sample test-retest data to rectify both the within-subject and between-subject variability of RFMRI measurements and accelerate the application of functional connectomics. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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