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Search for low-frequency diffuse radio emission around a shock in the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0744.9+3927
Get PDFMerging galaxy clusters produce low Mach number shocks in the intracluster medium. These shocks can accelerate electrons to relativistic energies that are detectable at
radio frequencies
I libri di uno scienziato: Gabriele Goidanich e la micologia. Catalogo della mostra
Get PDFIl catalogo si riferisce alla mostra bibliografica omonima organizzata a Bologna, dalla Biblioteca Interdipartimentale di Agraria “Gabriele Goidanich” (27 settembre 2016 - 31 marzo 2017). Le immagini dei libri esposti, corredate da didascalie esplicative, sono precedute da un saggio di inquadramento storico redatto da Francesco Casadei e da una introduzione di Gloria Innocenti
Photochemical investigation of cyanoazobenzene derivatives as components of artificial supramolecular pumps
Get PDFAmong the plethora of photochromes reported so far, azobenzene has been proven to be the most suitable photoswitch for molecular systems and materials, due to its highly efficient and clean E–Z photoisomerization. Here we report two ammonium-based molecular axles bearing one or two p-cyanoazobenzene units at the extremities, able to form pseudorotaxanes with a crown ether macrocycle. The photochemistry of these compounds was studied in the isolated forms and in the pseudorotaxanes, showing that the functionalization speeds up the threading process without affecting the photochemical properties of the system. These results suggest that the investigated pseudorotaxanes can form the basis of new prototypes of artificial molecular-level pumps
Conversion of calcium sulfate dihydrate into calcium phosphates as a route for conservation of gypsum stuccoes and sulfated marble
Get PDFTo increase the water resistance of gypsum-based stuccoes (i.e., pastes and mortars), the possible conversion of gypsum into less soluble calcium phosphates (CaP), by reaction with an aqueous solution of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP), was investigated. The effect of several reaction parameters (DAP concentration, ethanol addition to the DAP solution, pH) on nature and morphology of the new CaP was explored. For the most promising formulation, the ability to improve mechanical properties and reduce solubility in water of treated stuccoes was investigated. The treatment provided better results than ammonium oxalate (an inorganic treatment frequently used for consolidation, protection and de-sulphation of carbonate stones), but the high reaction speed limited the penetration depth and the performance of the DAP-treatment
Eserghi
Get PDFQuesto articolo fa parte dell’ottavo numero dei Quaderni di PsicoArt che include molti dei testi raccolti dieci anni fa da Gianni Scalia e Raffaele Milani: erano gli anni in cui si discuteva assai di paesaggio, natura, ambiente, territorio, luogo, spazio, cercando di comprenderne il senso e il valore, la relazione e l’arricchimento reciproco in un ampio registro semantico. Si dà ora forma ai materiali di quella ricerca, conservandone lo spirito. È un viaggio che muove dal lontano mondo greco-latino e arriva alle tesi romantiche sulla natura inserendovi anche un confronto tra le culture: indiana, cinese, giapponese. Autorevoli studiosi commentano filosofi e scrittori, correnti letterarie e di pensiero della più alta tradizione mondiale, affinché la dignità dell’antico possa significare il futuro
Presentazione
Get PDFQuesto articolo fa parte dell’ottavo numero dei Quaderni di PsicoArt che include molti dei testi raccolti dieci anni fa da Gianni Scalia e Raffaele Milani: erano gli anni in cui si discuteva assai di paesaggio, natura, ambiente, territorio, luogo, spazio, cercando di comprenderne il senso e il valore, la relazione e l’arricchimento reciproco in un ampio registro semantico. Si dà ora forma ai materiali di quella ricerca, conservandone lo spirito. È un viaggio che muove dal lontano mondo greco-latino e arriva alle tesi romantiche sulla natura inserendovi anche un confronto tra le culture: indiana, cinese, giapponese. Autorevoli studiosi commentano filosofi e scrittori, correnti letterarie e di pensiero della più alta tradizione mondiale, affinché la dignità dell’antico possa significare il futuro
The burden of women
Get PDFWe investigated whether morality, competence, and attractiveness perceived from applicants’ faces affect their likelihood of being hired and whether these effects vary as a function of their gender. In two studies, participants were provided with a photo of a female or a male applicant attached to a brief CV. Applicants’ faces (Lundqvist et al., 1998) differed in the level of perceived trustworthiness and intelligence (Oosterof & Todorov, 2008), which are traits related to morality and competence respectively (Leach et al., 2007). In Study 1, respondents were asked to evaluate applicants on morality, competence, attractiveness, and to rate their likelihood of selection. Two moderated mediation analyses revealed that attractiveness mediated the effect of both morality and competence on selection decisions, but this was true only for female applicants. In Study 2, participants were instructed to rate the extent to which each applicant would behave in a competent and moral manner in his/her work, as well as his/her attractiveness and selection likelihood. While only competence had an impact on male applicants’ likelihood of being selected, hiring decisions about females were based on morality, competence, as well as attractiveness. Overall, these findings highlighted that women not only have to be (Moscatelli et al., 2018), but also to appear better than men on multiple judgment dimensions to be hired
Handbook of Remote Interpreting - SHIFT in Orality
Get PDFIn the last three to four decades the massive diffusion of information and communication technologies has made their price drop dramatically. Access to long-distance real-time audio and video communication which used to be limited to large and wealthy organizations - such as governments or multinationals - has become affordable for a large share of the world population. Advances in ICTs have made it possible to buy products, provide services, or even run a business from portable devices.
Historically interpreting has been a communication “enabler”, allowing people with different languages and cultures to communicate. But, until recently, interpreters enabled communication in shared situations such as meetings and conferences or in a shared place such as an office, a hospital, a courtroom. As private citizens have increasingly gained access to ICTs, the demand for the provision of distance, fast and immediate services has boomed, and language services are no exception to the rule. Moreover, since most societies are becoming increasingly multilingual and multicultural, nowadays public and private service providers, companies and institutions have to deal with users/customers who do not necessarily speak their language. Distance interpreting offers a great opportunity to companies, institutions and organisations to deal with foreign language users/customers efficiently and at a lower cost. Another advantage offered by distance interpreting is the possibility to recruit interpreters virtually everywhere and for every language. Telephone and videoconference interpreting are therefore rapidly gaining ground in a variety of settings: healthcare, legal, business, administrative. The European Union recommends distance interpreting even in legal proceedings when language mediation is essential to guarantee the fundamental rights of citizens (Directive 64/2010). In the field of conference services there is a rapid growth of web-based interpreting platforms allowing interpreters to work from a remote site and participants gathered in a conference room to listen to the interpreter on their mobile phones. Distance interpreting offers some advantages to interpreters too: the possibility to work from home, even from remote locations, and to avoid travelling long distances.
But what about the quality and the success of mediated remote communication? Communicating (in a single language) at a distance (via telephone and videoconference) differs from face-to-face interaction in many aspects (Bercelli & Pallotti 2002; Thüne & Leonardi 2003; Federman 2006; Goodman 2003; Isaacs and Tang 1994). First of all, there is a lack of social “presence” in remote interactions which makes rapport building more difficult for speakers compared to face-to-face interactions (Ellis 2004; Ozolins 2011). Secondly, the lack of some communication components such as visual, tactile and kinetic (Poyatos 2002) can generate communicative “uncertainty” between participants. Some scholars (Oviatt & Cohen 1992; Ozolins 2011; Braun 2015) noticed in their studies that speakers in remote interactions tend to rephrase or repeat their utterances because they do not feel sure they have made themselves understood since they have no or only partial access to feedback from other speakers’ gestures or face expression. And last but not least there can be difficulties in communication due to poor sound quality (Ellis 2004; Causo 2012).
The inherent differences between face-to-face and remote communication mentioned above also apply to distance interpreting and interpreters seem to be the most disadvantaged party in a remote interaction. On the phone, they have no access to contextual information or any other input except for what they hear, and in videoconference they only have a partial view of the participants or the setting, and this generates fatigue as the interaction goes on (Andres & Falk 2009; Braun 2015). Secondly, it is difficult for speakers who do not see each other or have just a partial view to organize turn taking and this generates for the interpreter and additional need to coordinate turn-taking (Oviatt & Cohen 1992; Wadensjö 1999). The communicative “uncertainty” mentioned above was found to have an impact on interpreters too who tend to “do more” than interpreting to ensure successful communication (Oviatt & Cohen 1992; Ozolins 2011; Braun 2015). Another challenge for interpreters is that there is a huge variety of topics that can be at issue in a telephone or videoconference call and it is impossible to predict what the object of the call will be: this means that often interpreters cannot prepare for a specific telephone or video call they have to interpret (Rosenberg 2007). Finally, poor sound quality is particularly frustrating for interpreters who are supposed to facilitate communication between people who do not share the same language and culture only on the basis of what they can hear.
Yet, despite all the shortcomings mentioned above, most studies agree that with well-functioning equipment, good preparation and a high level of experience of interpreters and other participants most of the disadvantages mentioned above can be managed and overcome (Andres & Falk 2009; Braun 2012).
This is why trainee interpreters and professional interpreters who are willing to start working remotely would benefit from specific training. This is the goal of the SHIFT in Orality Erasmus+ project (www.shiftinorality.eu), whose aim is developing a comprehensive solution for training in remote interpreting in Higher Education and Lifelong Learning through the cooperation of a European network of universities (University of Bologna, University of Granada, University of Surrey, Pablo de Olavide University) offering interpreting programmes and remote interpreting service providers (Dualia SL and VEASYT Srl).
This Handbook is part of the teaching materials developed within the project and has been designed for study and self-directed study. It aims at providing a theoretical framework as well as practical tips to professional interpreters or interpreting students who are willing to start working remotely.
Section 1 of the Handbook presents the theoretical background needed to understand the mechanisms and specific features of remote interpreting (both telephone and videoconference), with a focus on the basic features of remotely interpreted communication, on the importance of linguistic, paralinguistic and kinetic elements, on social, pragmatic and ethical implications, on the settings and subject areas in which remote interpreting is mostly used and on the parties, factors and instrumentalities involved. Sections 2 and 3 focus on telephone and videoconference interpreting, respectively. They both highlight the difference between face-to-face and telephone/video monolingual interactions and between face-to-face and telephone/video interpreter-mediated interactions. They then present potential problems that may arise in telephone/video interpreted interactions and possible solutions based on examples drawn from a set of research data. Section 4 summarises the basic requirements and prerequisites for successful communication using remote interpreting. Section 5 illustrates the teaching materials specifically designed for telephone and videoconference interpreting and provides indications about how to use them
Rotational Spectrum and Conformational Analysis of N-Methyl-2-Aminoethanol: Insights into the Shape of Adrenergic Neurotransmitters
Get PDFWe describe an experimental and quantum chemical study for the accurate determination of the conformational space of small molecular systems governed by intramolecular non-covalent interactions. The model systems investigated belong to the biological relevant aminoalcohol’s family, and include 2-amino-1-phenylethanol, 2-methylamino-1-phenylethanol, noradrenaline, adrenaline 2-aminoethanol, and N-methyl-2-aminoethanol. For the latter molecule, the rotational spectrum in the 6–18 and 59.6–74.4 GHz ranges was recorded in the isolated conditions of a free jet expansion. Based on the analysis of the rotational spectra, two different conformational species and 11 isotopologues were observed and their spectroscopic constants, including 14N-nuclear hyperfine coupling constants and methyl internal rotation barriers, were determined. From the experimental data a structural determination was performed, which was also used to benchmark accurate quantum chemical calculations on the whole conformational space. Atom in molecules and non-covalent interactions theories allowed the characterization of the position of the intramolecular non-covalent interactions and the energies involved, highlighting the subtle balance responsible of the stabilization of all the molecular systems
Durable self-cleaning coatings for architectural surfaces by incorporation of TiO2 nano-particles into hydroxyapatite films
Get PDFTo prevent soiling of marble exposed outdoors, the use of TiO2 nano-particles has been proposed in the literature by two main routes, both raising durability issues: (i) direct application to marble surface, with the risk of particle leaching by rainfall; (ii) particle incorporation into inorganic or organic coatings, with the risk of organic coating degradation catalyzed by TiO2 photoactivity. Here, we investigated the combination of nano-TiO2 and hydroxyapatite (HAP), previously developed for marble protection against dissolution in rain and mechanical consolidation. HAP-TiO2 combination was investigated by two routes: (i) in series application of HAP followed by nano-TiO2 (“H+T”); (ii) simultaneous application by introducing nano-TiO2 into the phosphate solution used to form HAP (“HT”). The self-cleaning ability was evaluated before and after prolonged exposure to simulated rain. “H+T” and “HT” coatings exhibited much better resistance to nano-TiO2 leaching by rain, compared to TiO2 alone. In “H+T” samples, TiO2 nano-particles adhere better to HAP (having flower-like morphology and high specific surface area) than to marble. In “HT” samples, thanks to chemical bonds between nano-TiO2 and HAP, the particles are firmly incorporated in the HAP coating, which protects them from leaching by rain, without diminishing their photoactivity and without being degraded by them