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Inception, Legitimization, and Preservation of Competitive Authoritarian Regimes in Turkey
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The Role of MMP-2 on Satellite Cells and Hypertrophy of the Mouse Plantaris Muscle After Functional Overload
Get PDFSkeletal muscle makes up 40-50% of the human body and has the capability to adapt to environmental changes. However, we do not know much about how these adaptations occur at the cellular level. Within the extracellular matrix surrounding each muscle fiber, there are satellite cells and matrix metalloproteinases which have been shown to play a role in muscle regeneration and repair. To understand the mechanisms of these adaptations, this study observed satellite cells in the plantaris muscle of wild type as well as mice with matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) taken out. A functional overload model was used and mice were observed 0-days, 2-, 4-, and 8- weeks after this functional overload. Immunohistochemistry was performed to stain the basal lamina of each muscle fiber, the satellite cells, and nuclei. Images using an epifluorescence microscope were taken to quantify satellite cells and the data showed that there was a significant difference in satellite cells between the 0-day and the 2-, 4-, and 8-week wild type and MMP-2 knockout mice. However, the MMP-2 knockout mice had less satellite cells than the wild type mice suggesting that the absence of MMP-2 may lead to a decreased activation in satellite cells
Evaluating the Role of Thought in Sensorimotor Enactivism
Get PDFSensorimotor enactivism (SSM) was first introduced by O’Regan and Noë in their 2001 paper, ‘A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness.’ Consistent with the initial enactivist theory laid out by Varela, Thompson, and Rosch in their 1991 book, ‘the Embodied Mind,’ SSM posits that perceptual experience is enacted iteratively through an agent’s embodied interactions with their environment. The theory rejects the popular view that cognition is constituted by the existence of internal re-presentations of a predefined external world. Instead, it argues that the apparent richness of our phenomenal experience is illusory, and that perceptual detail, although limited in a given moment, is accessible through the active exploration or our surroundings. In this project, I offer a detailed discussion around the role of reflection from a sensorimotor perspective. I argue that thought is motivated by unfulfilled expectations regarding sensorimotor contingencies, and that it ultimately serves to refine our implicit mastery of these contingencies. I then consider this position in the context of temporal experience, offering a novel response to one of the most fundamental objections to sensorimotor theory
The Foundation of an Uprising: Spatial Socialization and National Identity Formation in Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Protests
Get PDFThe Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Protests (Anti-ELAB) brought an end to an era of psuedo-democracy in Hong Kong, a semi-autonomous region of mainland China operating under a One Country, Two Systems model of governance. Following the proposal of the Fugitive Offenders Amendment Bill, an article allowing for criminal suspects to be extradited out of the region and into mainland China, Hong Kong erupted into a city of political resistance and civil dissent. At the root of the conflict is a civil society that has developed in opposition to the systems and structures of its hybrid regime, a form of governance inconducive with the region’s bottom-up campaign for democratization. The Anti-ELAB movement demands an interrogation of the relationship between national identity formation and political resistance throughout Hong Kong. By utilizing the theory of spatial socialization to understand the complex relationship between society and the state, this paper seeks to establish the factors that transformed Hong Kong into a region of contention, and the impact of the protests on the development of China and Hong Kongs’ transitional, hybrid regime
The Selectivity Gap in United States Responses to Human Rights Violations: Personal Integrity Violations between 1991 and 2001
Get PDFRecent quantitative scholarship on international human rights law has revealed a trend in which countries will ratify human rights law in order to improve their international standings, but won’t make the policy changes necessary to implement the law because the policy changes would be more expensive than the costs of noncompliance. This raises the question as to in what circumstances will international law enforcement be costly enough to force countries to comply with international human rights law.
Previous quantitative research demonstrates the importance of security concerns in determining US decisions to intervene. Additionally, previous research indicates that economic concerns have long term impacts on the likelihood of intervention, though the exact impacts are unclear. This article will thus treat economic variables as indicators of humanitarian intervention that require further exploration. Further, none of the scholars cited in the literature review focus on political explanations of humanitarian intervention. This is surprising given that political interests have a large impact on state behavior. Therefore, this study will focus on political concerns as a second indicator of humanitarian intervention using UN voting data as an indicator of political alignment
The Trail, 2021-04-09
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Lyndon Johnson, The Great Society, and the Assumption of the Presidency in the Pages of The Nation 1964-1970
Get PDFUsing The Nation\u27s archive, this essay examines the popular conception of The Great Society---specifically as connected to Lyndon Johnson\u27s personality. By placing the dialogue between Johnson\u27s and The Nation\u27s framing of The Great Society into the context of both television\u27s newfound importance to political media and the evolving role of Presidential public relations, it argues that Johnson, despite being unsuccessful in his attempts, played a pivotal role in establishing the role and duties of the modern presidency