University of Hildesheim
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Labelling Business Entities in a Canonical Data Model
No full textEnterprises express the concepts of their electronic business-to-business (B2B) communication in individual ontology-like schemas. Collaborations require merging schemas’ common concepts into Business Entities (BEs) in a Canonical Data Model (CDM). Although consistent, automatic schema merging is state of the art, the task of labeling the BEs with descriptive, yet short and unique names, remains. Our approach first derives a heuristically ranked list of candidate labels for each BE locally from the names and descriptions of the underlying concepts. Second, we use constraint satisfaction to assign a semantically unique name to each BE that optimally distinguishes it from the other BEs. Our system’s labels outperform previous work in their description of BE content and in their discrimination between similar BEs. In a task-based evaluation, business experts estimate that our approach can save about 12% of B2B integration effort compared to previous work and about 49% in total
SentiBA: Lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis on German Product Reviews
No full textIn this paper, we describe our system developed for the GErman SenTiment AnaLysis shared Task (GESTALT) for participation in the Maintask 2: Subjective Phrase and Aspect Extraction from Product Reviews. We present a tool, which identifies subjective and aspect phrases in German product reviews. For the recognition of subjective phrases, we pursue a lexicon-based approach. For the extraction of aspect phrases from the reviews, we consider two possible ways: Besides the subjectivity and aspect look-up, we also implemented a method to establish which subjective phrase belongs to which aspect. The system achieves better results for the recognition of aspect phrases than for the subjective identification
Mind your Intuition. Über die eingeschränkte Intuition von Patienten mit Depression und den Einfluss von Achtsamkeit auf intuitive Urteile
No full textEntscheidungen und Urteile werden im Alltag häufig intuitiv gefällt. Die Prozesse auf denen Intuitionen basieren operieren schnell, unbewusst und assoziativ. Da Intuitionen auf Informationen basieren, die aktiviert, jedoch bewusst nicht zugänglich sind, können sie mit dem Phänomen knowing without knowing how beschrieben werden. Intuitionen bilden demnach eine eindrucksvolle, in vielen Situationen effektive Leistung menschlicher Kognition. Patienten, die unter Depressionen leiden, berichten häufig von Schwierigkeiten, Entscheidungen im Alltag zu fällen. Es liegt daher die Annahme nahe, dass Depression mit verminderter Intuition einhergeht. Auch Ergebnisse der Grundlagenforschung zum Einfluss von negativer Stimmung auf intuitive Urteile unterstützen diese Hypothese. In Einklang damit konnte die vorliegende Forschung bei Patienten mit Depression ein Intuitionsdefizit im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollprobanden feststellen. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten weiterhin darauf hin, dass auch die häufig berichtete Entscheidungsunfähigkeit von Depressiven in Zusammenhangmit verminderter Intuition zu stehen scheint. Insgesamt erweitert die vorliegende Arbeit die klinische Depressionsforschung, indem sie das Thema Intuition in den klinisch-psychologischen Forschungskontext einführt. Hierbei wird ein etabliertes Verfahren aus der kognitiven Psychologie zur Messung intuitiver Urteile verwendet. Vor dem Hintergrund des Ergebnisses, dass Patienten mit Depression Einschränkungen beim Fällen intuitiver Urteile aufweisen, beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit weiterhin mit der Frage, wie Intuition gefördert werden kann. Eine Reihe methodisch hochwertiger klinischer Studien konnte die Wirksamkeit achtsamkeitsbasierter Interventionen im Rahmen der Depressionsbehandlung nachweisen. Die zugrunde liegenden Wirkmechanismen sind allerdings noch weitestgehend unerforscht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher Intuition als potentieller Faktor, über den das Prinzip Achtsamkeit seine Wirkung entfaltet, untersucht. Diese Hypothese, dass Achtsamkeit Intuition fördert, basiert auf einem der Hauptmerkmale einer achtsamen Haltung: die verbesserte Wahrnehmung von Körperempfindungen, Gedanken, Gefühlen und - so die vorliegende Hypothese – Intuitionen. Insgesamt soll die vorliegende Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Erforschung relevanter kognitiver Prozesse im Rahmen der Depression leisten und der Frage nachgehen, ob Achtsamkeit den Kontakt zu Intuitionen verbessern kann. Damit leistet die vorliegende Forschung auch einen Beitrag zur Erforschung potentieller Wirkmechanismen dieses immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnenden Behandlungsprinzips.In daily life decisions and judgments are oft made intuitively. The processes that intuitions rely on are fast, unconscious and associative. As intuitions are based on information, which is activated but not consciously accessible, they can be described with the phenomenon of knowing without knowing how. Therefore, intuitions present an impressive cognitive ability, which is effective and helpful in many situations. Patients who suffer from depression often report to have difficulties to come to decisions in daily life. Therefore, it is assumed that depression is associated with impaired intuition. Results of basic psychological research concerning the interplay between negative mood and intuition support this hypothesis. In line with these assumptions, it was found in the current study that patients with depression show impaired intuitive performance compared to healthy control participants. The current results also indicate that there is a link between indecisiveness of depressed patients and impaired intuitive performance. Overall, the current work introduces the phenomenon of intuition to clinical-psychological research. Hereby, an established paradigm from basic cognitive psychology to elicit and measure intuition is used. Against the background of the finding that patients with depression show diminished intuitive performance, the current paper further explores the question how intuition may be enhanced. There is a wide range of methodological high quality studies, which have shown that mindfulness-based treatments are effective for the treatment of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood until today. Therefore, the current paper investigates whether intuition is one potential mechanism by which mindfulness unfolds its effects. The hypothesis that mindfulness is associated with enhanced intuition is based on one of the main characteristics of a mindful state: the improved perception of body sensations, thoughts, feelings and – supposedly – intuitions. Altogether, the current paper aims to make a contribution to the investigation of cognitive processes relevant in depression and to explore the question whether mindfulness fosters the access to intuitions. Herby, the current paper also contributes to research, which explores the mechanisms by which mindfulness, a therapeutic principle which becomes increasingly important and implemented in clinical science and practice, unfolds its effects
IGGSA Shared Tasks on German Sentiment Analysis (GESTALT)
No full textWe present the German Sentiment Analysis Shared Task (GESTALT) which consists of two main tasks: Source, Subjective Expression and Target Extraction from Political Speeches (STEPS) and Subjective Phrase and Aspect Extraction from Product Reviews (StAR). Both tasks focused on fine-grained sentiment analysis, extracting aspects and targets with their associated subjective expressions in the German language. STEPS focused on political discussions from a corpus of speeches in the Swiss parliament. StAR fostered the analysis of product reviews as they are available from the website Amazon.de. Each shared task led to one participating submission, providing baselines for future editions of this task and highlighting specific challenges. The shared task homepage can be found at https://sites.google.com/site/iggsasharedtask/
Impoliteness in the Negotiation of Expert Status: Folk Linguistic Debates in a French Online Forum
No full textThe forum 'Languefrancaise.net' is examined by Melanie Kunkel. In this case the users debate on the French language, especially about norms and their correct application. Users often position themselves as teachers or linguists in order to appear as experts and thus validate their arguments
Itinerar Markgraf Albrechts Achilles (1414–1486)
No full textZusammenstellung aller bekannten Aufenthaltsorte des Markgrafen Albrecht Achilles von Brandenburg für die Jahre 1414 bis 1486; chronologisch geordnet
Zero plus one is one: The effects of horizontal enlarged tasks on the prevention of short-term mental strain, physiological reactions and work performance.
No full textHigh repetitive jobs are still very common. To design repetitive jobs previous research has predominantly focused on job enrichment programs neglecting the impact of job enlargement programs. Using an experimental design the present study aimed to test the impact of high repetitive versus enlarged tasks on short-term mental strain, physiological reactions and work performance. Therefore subjects worked for more than 3 hours either on a simulated office task (Experiment 1, N = 160) or an assembly line task (Experiment 2, N = 213). In the second experiment pacing of work was added as a second experimental factor. As predicted, both experiments clearly show the utility of enlarged tasks for subjective well-being, but not for work performance. No consistent results were found for physiological reactions. In conclusion, our study provides clear-cut experimental evidence that even minimal enlarged jobs contribute to the prevention of subjective mental strain. In addition, the findings of both experiments highlight the detrimental effect of paced work on mental strain and work performance.Angesichts der Renaissance repetitiver Arbeit bleibt die Frage nach deren Gestaltung weiterhin relevant. Dazu bildeten sich der Ansatz der Aufgabenerweiterung (job enlargement) und -bereicherung (job enrichment) heraus. Während der Nutzen von angereicherten Aufgaben empirisch fundiert ist, wird der Wirksamkeit horizontal erweiterter Aufgaben weit weniger Bedeutung zugesprochen und basiert auf einer schwachen Befundlage. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielte darauf ab, mittels eines laborexperimentellen Designs einen eindeutigen kausalen Nachweis zum Effekt hoch- im Vergleich zu niedrig-repetitiver, d.h. horizontal erweiterter Aufgaben auf kurzfristige subjektive, physiologische und leistungsbezogene Fehlbeanspruchungsfolgen zu liefern. Dazu bearbeiteten Probanden über mehr als 3 Stunden eine Computervertriebs- (Experiment 1, N = 160) bzw. eine Kommissionieraufgabe (Experiment 2, N = 213). Im zweiten Experiment erfolgte zusätzlich die Manipulation der Taktung des Arbeitstempos. Wie vorhergesagt, zeigen die Ergebnisse übereinstimmend den Nutzen horizonal erweiterter Aufgaben auf das subjektive Erleben. Andererseits findet sich ein förderlicher Effekt hoch-repetitiver Aufgaben auf die Leistung. Hinsichtlich physiologischer Aktivierungsparameter zeigt sich kein eindeutiges Bild. Zusammengenommen unterstreicht die Arbeit, dass bereits minimale Ausweitungen des Repetitionsgrades einer Aufgabe, im Sinne des Aufgabenerweiterungsansatzes, zur Prävention vor allem subjektiver Fehlbeanspruchungsfolgen beitragen. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Befunde einheitlich die beeinträchtigende Wirkung getakteter Arbeit auf das subjektive Erleben, die physiologische Aktivierung sowie die Leistung
TEANLIS - Text Analysis for Literary Scholars
No full textResearchers in the (digital) humanities have identified a large potential in the use of automatic text analysis capabilities in their text studies, scaling up the amount of material that can be explored and allowing for new types of questions. To support the scholars’ specific research questions, it is important to embed the text analysis capabilities in an appropriate navigation and visualization framework. However, study-specific tailoring may make it hard to migrate analytical components across projects and compare results. To overcome this issue, we present in this paper the first version of TEANLIS (text analysis for literary scholars), a flexible framework designed to include text analysis capabilities for literary scholars
Figura...or Face? Reflections on Two Sociopragmatic Key Concepts in the Light of a Recent Media Conflict Between Italians and Germans and Its Negotiation in Italian Internet Forums
No full textThis study will contrast the notions of figura and face. It reflects two Sociopragmatic Key Concepts in the Light of a Recent Media Conflict between Italians and Germans and its Negotiation in Italian Internet Forums
A Language-independent Sense Clustering Approach for Enhanced WSD
No full textWe present a method for clustering word senses of a lexical-semantic resource by mapping them to those of another sense inventory. This is a promising way of reducing polysemy in sense inventories and consequently improving word sense disambiguation performance. In contrast to previous approaches, we use Dijkstra-WSA, a parameterizable alignment algorithm which is largely resource- and language-agnostic. To demonstrate this, we apply our technique to GermaNet, the German equivalent to WordNet. The GermaNet sense clusterings we induce through alignments to various collaboratively constructed resources achieve a significant boost in accuracy, even though our method is far less complex and less dependent on language-specific knowledge than past approaches