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Taking Race into Account: Charting Student Attitudes towards Affirmative Action
Get PDFThis paper examines student attitudes towards affirmative action over 4 years of college. Asian American and Latino/a students were more likely than White students to disagree strongly or somewhat with abolishing affirmative action after 4 years of college. A studentà ¢ s attitude towards the policy as a first-year student, peer group influence, and political orientation were significant predictors of student attitudes of affirmative action during the fourth year of college. The findings suggest that while college plays some role in shaping affirmative action attitudes, its influence is somewhat limited in comparison to the background traits and attitudes that students bring to college
Aging and Long-Term Care Issues in Ohio
Get PDFThis summary report focuses on aging and disability in Ohio as well as on utilization and Medicaid costs of long-term care for older Ohioans
Do They Really Know? Collaborating with Faculty on Information Literacy Assessment
Get PDFThis poster will recount the experience of Miami University's Faculty Learning Community for Improving Student Research Literacy, a group of professors and librarians who work together on incorporating information literacy skills into the curriculum. Faculty members wondered early on how students in their classes conceive of their own information literacy skills. These conversations led to the creation of a survey for students to self-assess the information literacy skills that faculty perceived important, including: 1) How and where students are searching for information; 2) Student perceptions to perform information research, and its applicability outside the library; 3)Location(s) where students perform information research; 4)Differences in information literacy skill perceptions between class level and experience with paper writing. Approximately 400 students were reached with the survey instrument. Results of the survey were matched to professor definitions of information literacy and a common list of desired information literacy skills created by professors at the beginning of the academic year. Study results allowed community members to see where perceptions among professors, librarians, and students were similar, and where they differed greatly. The results led to rich and stimulating conversations about how students perceive information literacy
Repetitive regret, depression, and anxiety: findings from a nationally representative survey
Get PDFPast research has established a connection between regret (negative emotions
connected to cognitions about how past actions might have achieved better outcomes)
and
both
depression
and
anxiety.
in the present research, the relations
between regret, repetitive thought, depression, and anxiety were examined in
a nationally representative telephone survey. although both regret and repetitive
thought were associated with general distress, only regret was associated
with anhedonic depression and anxious arousal. Further, the interaction between
regret and repetitive thought (i.e., repetitive regret) was highly predictive of general
distress
but
not
of
anhedonic
depression
nor
anxious
arousal.
these
relations
were
strikingly
consistent
across
demographic
variables
such
as
sex,
race/ethnicity,
age, education, and income
Design and Implementation of a Hypertext-based Information Retrieval System
Get PDFInformation Retrieval (IR), which is also known as text or document retrieval, is the process of locating and retrieving documents that are relevant to the user queries. In hypertext environments, document databases are organized as a network of nodes which are interconnected by various types of links. This study introduces a hypertext-based text retrieval system, HypIR. In HypIR, the semantic relationships among documents are
obtained using a clustering algorithm. A new approach providing the advantages of system maps and history list is introduced to prevent the user from being lost in the IR hyperspace. The paper presents the underlying concepts and implementation details. HypIR is based on the object-oriented paradigm of Hypercard
Visual Programming: Concepts and Implementations
Get PDFThe computing environment has changed dramatically since the advent of the computer. Enhanced computer graphics and sheer processing power have ushered in a new age of computing. User interfaces have advanced from simple line entry to powerful graphical interfaces. With these advances, computer languages are no longer forced to be sequentially and textually-based. A new programming paradigm has evolved to harness the power of today's computing environment - visual programming. Visual programming provides the user with visible models which reflect physical objects. By connecting these visible models to each other, an executable program is created. By removing the inherent abstractions of textual languages, visual programming could lead computing into a new era
A Survey of Traditional and Practical Concurrency Control in Relational Database Management Systems
Get PDFTraditionally, database theory has focused on concepts such as atomicity and serializability, asserting that concurrent transaction management must enable correctness above all else. Textbooks and academic journals detail a vision of unbounded rationality, where reduced throughput because of concurrency protocols is not of tremendous concern. This thesis seeks to survey the traditional basis for concurrency in relational database management systems and contrast that with actual practice. SQL-92, the current standard for concurrency in relational database management systems has defined isolation, or
allowable concurrency levels, and these are examined. Some ways in which DB2, a popular database, interprets these levels and finesses extra concurrency through performance enhancement are detailed. SQL-92 standardizes de facto relational database management systems features. Given this and a superabundance of articles in professional journals detailing steps for fine-tuning transaction concurrency, the expansion of performance tuning seems bright, even at the expense of serializabilty.
Are the practical changes wrought by non-academic professionals killing traditional database concurrency ideals? Not really. Reasoned changes for performance gains advocate compromise, using complex concurrency controls when necessary for the job at hand and relaxing standards otherwise. The idea of relational database management systems is only twenty years old, and standards are still evolving. Is there still an interplay between tradition and practice? Of course. Current practice uses tradition pragmatically, not idealistically. Academic ideas help drive the systems available for use, and perhaps current practice now will help academic ideas define concurrency control concepts for relational database management systems
An Expert System Shell Performing the Generic Task of Hierarchical Classification
Get PDFAny expert system shell that performs with the generic task of hierarchical classificiation must deal explicitly with the issues of knowledge representations, control strategies, inductive learning, and ways of handling uncertainty, ambiguity, and contradictions. This resesarch is mainly concerned about the creation of the expert system shell HICLASS. Aspects crucial to this task are challenged from btoh a theoretical and an implementational point of view.
The principles of generic tasks and hierarchical classification are described. Important concepts of HICLASS are introducted, followed by a detailed description of the knowledge representation and local control strategies developed for the system, including a discussion of special problems and respective solutions. IT is described how HICLASS handles uncertainty. Important issues like concluding values, explanation, learning, incorporating metaknowledge, and the global control strategy of HICLASS are discussed. Then, the actual implementation of the table editor HIEDIT as well as HICLASS is described in detail. It is show that HICLASS is a genuine tool for the generic task for hierarchical classification. The system is compared to two well-known tools for hierarchical classification. Using the ideas raised for HICLASS, the development of a hierarchical hypothesis matcher, HIHYPO, is proposed. Essential features of HIHYPO are introducted. A theoretic overview about algorithms for inductive learning is followed by the description of an inductive learning algorithm developed for HIHYPO. Appendix B provides an overview about software engineering methods, and a discussioin about methods actually used to create the HICLASS package. In Appendix C, the definitions of all modules developed for the package are shown
Visual Depiction of Decision Statements: What is Best for Programmers and Non-programmers
Get PDFThis paper reports the results of two experiments investigating differences in comprehensibility of textual and graphical notations for representing decision statements. The first experiment was a replication of a prior experiment that found textual notations to be better than particular graphical notations. After replicating this study, two other hypotheses were investigated in a second experiment. Our first claim
is that graphics may be better for technical, non-programmers than they are for programmers because of the great amount of experience that programmers have with textual notations in programming languages. The second is that modifications to graphical forms may improve their usefulness. The results support both of these hypotheses.
Keywords: visual programming, decision structures, program comprehension, expert-novice difference
Asian American College Students and Civic Engagement
Get PDFThis chapter centers Asian American young adults within a discussion
about civic engagement by highlighting findings from 35
years of data on Asian American college freshmen. It will also address
future directions for Asian American undergraduate student
civic engagement, taking immigration and population trends into account.
Calling attention to Asian American civic engagement within
the college context achieves at least two main goals. First, it will help
scholars, practitioners, and policy makers move beyond racial stereotypes
of this group and consider their complete college experiences, including their involvement outside the classroom. Doing so will
help facilitate efforts to develop curricular and co-curricular practices
that can better serve the learning and development of this fast-growing
population in higher education. Second, examining these patterns
of civic engagement will shed light on how Asian American
students, as part of the future of our nation, are positioned for greater
participation in a democratic U.S. society