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Chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of leaves and stems of Moringa oleifera and Leucaena leucocephala as potential feedstuffs for sheep
Get PDF[EN]This study aimed to evaluate the nutritive value of different vegetative parts of Moringa oleifera (leaves, stems and plant debris) and Leucaena leucocephala (leaves and dried pods after seed harvesting). Nutrient composition, secondary metabolites and kinetics of gas production (GP) from in vitro rumen fermentation were measured to investigate the adequacy of these materials as feed resources for ruminants. Leaves of M. oleifera had the highest (p < .001) crude protein content (22.9%), total polyphenols (336 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry matter [DM]), flavonoids (158 mg quercetin equivalent/g DM), condensed tannins (2.26 mg catechin equivalents/g DM) and extraction yield (29.3%). Debris of M. oleifera showed the highest (p < .001) antioxidant activity. The pods and leaves of L. leucocephala showed the highest organic matter (OM; 94.5 and 92.7%, respectively), neutral detergent fiber (63.1 and 64.6%, respectively), acid detergent fiber (48.5 and 45%, respectively) and hemicellulose (14.6 and 19.6%, respectively). However, the leaves and stems of M. oleifera showed the highest (p < .001) asymptotic GP (152 and 147 mL/g DM incubated) and fractional rate of fermentation (0.168 and 0.146 per h) compared to the leaves and pods of L. leucocephala. Additionally, the highest (p < .001) OM digestibility (59.8%), metabolizable energy (8.32 MJ/kg DM), net energy (in terms of forage units for lactation or meat production) were observed with the leaves of M. oleifera. In conclusion, the concentration of nutrients differed between plants and within parts of the plant. Leaves of M. oleifera showed higher nutritive value than the stems and shed material. The pods of L. leucocephala showed higher nutritive value than its leaves.S
Cytoskeletal proteins of Actinobacteria
Get PDFPalabras clave extraídas del título y del resumen[EN] Although bacteria are considered the simplest life forms, we are now slowly unraveling their cellular complexity. Surprisingly, not only do bacterial cells have a cytoskeleton but also the building blocks are not very different from the cytoskeleton that our own cells use to grow and divide. Nonetheless, despite important advances in our understanding of the basic physiology of certain bacterial models, little is known about Actinobacteria, an ancient group of Eubacteria. Here we review current knowledge on the cytoskeletal elements required for bacterial cell growth and cell division, focusing on actinobacterial genera such as Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Streptomyces. These include some of the deadliest pathogens on earth but also some of the most prolific producers of antibiotics and antitumoralsSIM. Letek and M. Fiuza were beneficiaries of fellowships from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain); A. F. Villadangos from the Junta de Castilla y León. This work was funded by Grants from the Junta de Castilla y León (Ref. LE040A07), University of León (ULE 2001-08B), and Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (BIO2005-02723 and BIO2008-00519
Una lengua viva: nuevas exploraciones en lingüística y literatura hispánicas
No full text[ES] El Congreso Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadores «Mundo hispánico: raíces,
desarrollo y proyección», organizado por diversos alumnos del programa
de doctorado del mismo nombre, se celebra anualmente con gran acogida y
éxito consolidado en la Facultad de Filosoµa y Letras de la Universidad de León.
En mayo de 2024, este alcanzó su novena edición.
Una lengua viva: nuevas exploraciones en lingüística y literatura hispánicas
recoge una compilación selecta y científicamente sólida de entre aproximadamente
cien comunicaciones que fueron presentadas durante del citado
congreso. Realizadas por investigadores que inician su trayectoria en el ámbito
académico, en el marco de sus estudios de doctorado o en las primeras etapas
de su labor investigadora, estas contribuciones abarcan estudios relacionados
con las letras hispánicas, tanto a nivel lingüístico como literario.
En un contexto en el que la utilidad de las Humanidades se ve crecientemente
cuestionada, consideramos fundamental reivindicar la valiosa contribución
que este campo realiza a la sociedad. Con este objetivo se publica el presente
volumen, concebido como un compendio de investigaciones interdisciplinares
que no solo evidencia la relevancia y vigencia de los estudios humanísticos,
sino que también señala múltiples líneas de investigación futuras que se desprenden
de los trabajos aquí reunidos. Todos ellos han sido sometidos a un riguroso
proceso de evaluación por pares ciegos, llevado a cabo por especialistas
de reconocido prestigio internacional, lo que garantiza su calidad académica y
solidez metodológica
Análisis básico de datos
Get PDF[ES] Describir los procesos y procedimientos básicos en Investigación Cualitativa. Gestionar e interpretar datos, en base al paradigma Cualitatitivo
Sedum dasyphyllum subsp. glanduliferum: a new addition for the flora of northwestern Spain
Get PDF[EN] Sedum dasyphyllum L. has a controversial infraspecific treatment, with three subspecies distinguished based on the abundance of glandular indumentum. Sedum dasyphyllum L. subsp. glanduliferum(Guss.) Nyman, characterized by the presence of abundant glandular hairs, was considered a subspecies with a southern tendency, with very few and unclear records in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. In the present study, 56 herbarium sheets from the LEB FCO and SANT herbaria were assigned to the taxa Sedum dasyphyllum L. and Sedum dasyphyllum L. subsp. dasyphyllum were analyzed. Of these, 45 were re-assigned to Sedum dasyphyllum L. subsp. glanduliferum (Guss.) Nyman, constituting the first records for this taxon in the provinces of León, Lugo, Oviedo, Orense, Palencia, and Santander. Moreover, five sheets were re-assigned to Sedum dasyphyllum L. subsp. dasyphyllum, while another five retained their original assignment (Sedum dasyphyllum L. subsp. dasyphyllum). The populations are now identified as Sedum dasyphyllum L. subsp. glanduliferum (Guss.) Nyman do not appear to occupy more southern enclaves or southern slopes, although they are, on average, found at higher altitudes within the study areaSIThe following institutions financially support the authors: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (FPU21/03022; GBFL), Universidad de León (AAS), CONACYT-México (NYOR) and DGAPA-UNAM (AGP
An experimental investigation of sewage sludge gasification in a fluidized bed reactor
Get PDF[EN] The gasification of sewage sludge was carried out in a simple atmospheric fluidized bed gasifier. Flow and fuel feed rate were adjusted for experimentally obtaining an air mass : fuel mass ratio (A/F) of 0.2 < A/F < 0.4. Fuel characterization, mass and power balances, produced gas composition, gas phase alkali and ammonia, tar concentration, agglomeration tendencies, and gas efficiencies were assessed. Although accumulation of material inside the reactor was a main problem, this was avoided by removing and adding bed media along gasification. This allowed improving the process heat transfer and, therefore, gasification efficiency. The heating value of the produced gas was 8.4 MJ/Nm, attaining a hot gas efficiency of 70% and a cold gas efficiency of 57%SIThe authors want to thank University of Davis (CA, USA) for experimental support. Also, Marta Otero acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2010-05634
Configuration of a corpus of french as a foreign language textbooks: methodological guidelines and strategies to solve difficulties
Get PDF[ES] El análisis de los fenómenos de la traducción en los libros de texto de Francés como
Lengua Extranjera entre 1957 y 1967 implica emplear una metodología de recopilación
de los manuales que se ajuste a la falta de una lista oficial de los soportes didácticos
autorizados y censurados para ese periodo, así como la carencia de información de las
editoriales. Con el fin de ofrecer un corpus de manuales exhaustivo y representativo de
las prácticas escolares de la época analizada, era necesario determinar los criterios de
selección a raíz de la consulta de fondos físicos de bibliotecas, sus catálogos en línea
y los repertorios impresos. Tras detallar las etapas complementarias de la metodología
empleada, se advierten las dificultades y variaciones inherentes a aquella época y, por
último, se proporcionan estrategias efectivas para superarla.[EN] The analysis of the phenomena of translation in French as a Foreign Language textbooks
between 1957 and 1967 requires the use of a methodology for compiling the books that is
adapted to the lack of an official list of authorised and censored teaching aids for this period,
as well as the lack of information from the publishers. In order to provide an exhaustive
and representative corpus of textbooks on the school practices of the period under analysis,
it was necessary to determine the selection criteria based on the consultation of physical
library collections, their online catalogues and printed repertoires. After detailing the complementary
stages of the methodology employed, the difficulties and variations inherent
to that period are noted and, finally, effective strategies for overcoming them are provided
Do Training Programmes Improve Awareness of Sustainable Finance?
Get PDFOpen access funding provided by FEDER European Funds and the Junta de Castilla y León under the Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3) of Castilla y León 2021-2027[EN] Many initiatives worldwide aim to improve financial knowledge through training programmes at different levels of education.
In this context, it is worth highlighting that sustainable finance knowledge should receive attention in line with the global challenges
(climate change, social and economic inequalities, etc.) society is facing. Implementing (short) training programmes in
educational curricula may be an effective way to improve students' knowledge and practical skills. The aim of this paper is to
analyse the efficacy of short sustainable finance training programmes in fostering sustainable financial awareness and attitudes
among university students. This research focuses on how these programmes influence participants' understanding of sustainability,
interest in financial matters, and decision-making
competencies. Our results, based on validated questionnaires carried
out by students from different universities, reveal that short training programmes positively influence knowledge of and interest
in sustainable financial matters.SIThe authors acknowledge the financial support through the Spanish Universities Ministry (Spanish Government). Ministerio de Universidades, Real Decreto 1059/2021, de 30 de noviembre, por el que se regula la concesión directa de diversas subvenciones a las universidades participantes en el proyecto “Universidades europeas” de la Comisión Europea. European Education and Culture Executive Agency, Project: 101004049—EURECA-PRO— EAC-A02- 2019 / EAC-A02- 2019- 1
Adjuvants influence the immune cell populations present at the injection site granuloma induced by whole-cell inactivated paratuberculosis vaccines in sheep
Get PDF[EN]Vaccination is the most effective tool for paratuberculosis control. Currently, available vaccines prevent the progression of clinical disease in most animals but do not fully protect them against infection and induce the formation of an injection site granuloma. The precise mechanisms that operate in response to vaccination and granuloma development, as well as the effect that adjuvants could trigger, have not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the injection site granulomas induced by two inactivated paratuberculosis vaccines, which differ in the adjuvant employed. Two groups of 45-day-old lambs were immunized with two commercially available vaccines—one (n = 4) with Gudair® and the other (n = 4) with Silirum®. A third group (n = 4) was not vaccinated and served as control. The peripheral humoral response was assessed throughout the study by a commercial anti-Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) antibody indirect ELISA, and the cellular immune response was assessed similarly by the IFN-γ release and comparative intradermal tests. The injection site granulomas were measured during the experiment and sampled at 75 days post-vaccination (dpv) when the animals were euthanized. The tissue damage, antigen and adjuvant distribution, and the presence and amount of immune cells were then determined and assessed by immunohistochemical methods. Antibodies against Map antigens; a general macrophage marker (Iba1), M1 (iNOS), and M2 (CD204) macrophages; T (CD3), B (CD20), and γδ T lymphocytes, proteins MHC-II and NRAMP1, and cytokines IL-4, IL-10, TNF, and IFN-γ were employed. Silirum® elicited a stronger peripheral cellular immune response than Gudair®, while the latter induced larger granulomas and more tissue damage at the site of injection. Additionally, adjuvant and Map antigen distribution throughout the granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate, as well as the NRAMP1 cell expression, which is linked to antigen phagocytosis, were highly irregular. In Silirum® induced granulomas, a higher number of MHC-II and TNF-expressing cells and a lower number of M2 macrophages suggested an improved antigen presentation, which could be due to the better antigen distribution and reduced tissue damage induced by this vaccine.SIThe author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was funded by the national project RTI2018–099496-B-I00 and PID2021–125807OB-C21, from the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación”, of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. MC acknowledges the receipt of a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2019–087309) from MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro” and DZ of a predoctoral contract of the University of León. Zendal (Porriño, Spain), supplied Gudair ® and Silirum ® vaccines
Taxation of intelligent robotics
Get PDF[ES] La robótica inteligente está transformando rápidamente nuestra forma de vivir, trabajar y relacionarnos. Este Trabajo de Final de Grado (en adelante TFG) reflexiona sobre como estos avances tecnológicos, concretamente los robots con capacidad de aprender y tomar decisiones, afectan al sistema fiscal y al papel del ser humano en la economía actual. A medida que estas máquinas comienzan a sustituir ciertas tareas humanas, surgen nuevas preguntas sobre su regulación, su impacto en el empleo y la posible necesidad de que contribuyan al sostenimiento del Estado de bienestar. La idea de que “los robots paguen impuestos” gana más fuerza en este contexto. Este trabajo analiza de forma general estas cuestiones, partiendo de una visión global del fenómeno para posteriormente reflexionar sobre las posibles medidas aplicables y culminar con la proposición de un tributo. Todo ello con el objetivo de garantizar una transición equilibrada, justa y responsable, hacia una nueva realidad socioeconómica.[EN] Intelligent robotics is rapidly transforming the way we live, work and interact. This Final Degree Project (hereinafter TFG) reflects on how these technological advances, in particular robots with the ability to learn and make decisions, affect the tax system and the role of human beings in today's economy. As these machines begin to replace certain human tasks, new questions arise about their regulation, their impact on employment and the possible need for them to contribute to sustaining the welfare state. The idea of “robots paying taxes” gains more force in this context. This paper analyzes these issues in a general way, starting from a global vision of the phenomenon, then reflecting on the possible applicable measures and culminating with the proposal of a tax. The aim is to ensure a balanced, fair and responsible transition to a new socioeconomic reality