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Towards a comprehensive improvement of the health of the worker
No full text[ES] El ensayo parte de la base de que el desarrollo de una prestación laboral condiciona en buena medida los hábitos de vida (y con ello y de forma refleja, la salud) de las personas trabajadoras. En tal sentido, se parte de la hipótesis de que se trata de un factor paralaboral que podría tenerse en cuenta (desde el concepto amplio de riesgo profesional y en virtud de la obligación genérica contenida en el art. 14 LRPL) al realizar la evaluación de los riesgos laborales, apostando por fomentar y facilitar hábitos de vida saludables en el contexto de las relaciones laborales. Son varias las medidas que la empresa socialmente responsable podría implementar en este sentido: desde facilitar que las personas trabajadoras realicen una alimentación saludable (bien con comedores empresariales, bien mediante el concierto con restaurantes de la zona donde se ubique el centro de trabajo), hasta fomentar la actividad física de las personas trabajadoras en el contexto laboral, pasando por incentivar la deshabituación de conductas poco saludables, como el tabaquismo o el consumo excesivo de alcohol y otras sustancias estupefacientes. Dese luego, los beneficios tanto para la persona trabajadora, como para la salud pública serían inmensos y, de igual forma, la empresa vería mejorado su desenvolvimiento en forma de una plantilla más saludable y menores costes en forma de bajas laborales y merma de la productividad.[EN] The essay is based on the premise that the development of a job extent its influence in the life habits (and, in a reflex way, in the health) of the working people. In this sense, it is based on the hypothesis that it is a paraemployment factor that could be taken into account (from the broad concept of professional risk and by virtue of the generic obligation sent in article 14 LRPL) when carrying out the evaluation of occupational risks, betting on promoting and facilitating healthy lifestyles in the context of labor relations. There are several measures that the socially responsible company could implement in this regard: from making it easier for workers to have a healthy diet (either with company canteens, or through agreements with restaurants in the area where the workplace is located), to encourage the physical activity of working people in the work context, including encouraging the detoxification of unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking or excessive consumption of alcohol and other narcotic substances. If so, the benefits for both the worker and public health would be immense and, in the same way, the company would see its performance improve in the form of a healthier workforce and lower costs in the form of sick leave and decreased productivity.S
Large carnivores living alongside humans: Brown bears in human-modified landscapes
Get PDF[EN] Expansion of human activities into large carnivore habitats and of large carnivore ranges into anthropogenic settings increase the potential for human-wildlife conflicts. Future carnivore survival and recovery depend on both their ability to adapt to human-modified landscapes and the application of adequate conservation strategies. We review human-related factors that negatively affect brown bears inhabiting human-modified landscapes, aiming to improve human-bear coexistence. Brown bears have triggered much research and a review on this model species should be useful for the conservation-oriented management of many large carnivores. In human-modified landscapes, main threats to bear populations are human settlements, habituation and availability of anthropogenic food, density and traffic load of roads and railways, and recreational and industrial activities. Main effects of coexistence with humans for bears are: increased disturbance, human-bear conflicts and human-caused mortality; behavioural alterations; reduced fitness and genetic diversity; and physiological alterations. To promote bear-human coexistence in human-modified landscapes, we identified nine key elements: reduction of human-induced mortality and use of scientific information for better assessment of new infrastructures; improve education on waste management and bear deterrence methods; safeguard and restore habitat connectivity; mitigate road effects and restrict motorized trail use; adjust viewing activity practices to local conservation status of bear populations and food availability; implement mitigation measures to minimize risk of human-bear encounters; quantify empirically the effects of recreational activities on the energetics and fitness of bears; better dissemination of scientific results and management guidelines; and further research on behavioural reactions of bears to different management regimes and persecution historiesSIDuring this research, V.P. and A.O. were financially supported by the Excellence Project CGL2017-82782-P financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU). V.P. was also funded by a GRUPIN research grant from the Regional Government of Asturias (Ref.: IDI/2018/000151
Dental tissue proportions and enamel thickness in Neandertal and modern human molars
Get PDF[EN] The thickness of dental enamel is often discussed in paleoanthropological literature, particularly with regard to differences in growth, health, and diet between Neandertals and modern humans. Paleoanthropologists employ enamel thickness in paleodietary and taxonomic studies regarding earlier hominins, but variation in enamel thickness within the genus Homo has not been thoroughly explored despite its potential to discriminate species and its relevance to studies of growth and development. Radiographic two-dimensional studies indicate that Neandertal molar enamel is thin relative to the thick enamel of modern humans, although such methods have limited accuracy. Here we show that, measured via accurate high-resolution microtomographic imaging, Neandertal molar enamel is absolutely and relatively thinner than modern human enamel at most molar positions. However, this difference relates to the ratio of coronal dentine volume to total crown volume, rather than the quantity of enamel per se. The absolute volume of Neandertal molar enamel is similar to that of modern humans, but Neandertal enamel is deposited over a larger volume of coronal dentine, resulting in lower average (and relative) enamel thickness values. Sample sizes do not permit rigorous intragroup comparisons, but Neandertal molar tissue proportions evince less variation than the modern human sample. Differences in three- and two-dimensional enamel thickness data describing Neandertal molars may be explained by dimensional reduction. Although molar tissue proportions distinguish Neanderthals from recent Homo sapiens, additional study is necessary to assess trends in tissue proportions in the genus Homo throughout the PleistoceneSIAspects of the investigation were funded by Principado de Asturias-Universidad de Oviedo (CN-04-152) and CGL200602131 (Spanish MEC). This work was supported by the Max Planck Society, the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, The Neandertal Tools (TNT) project NESPOS society, and the EVAN Marie Curie Research Training Network grant MRTN-CT-019564 to the Max Planck Societ
Effect of the different technologies of running sports shoes on the activity of the triceps sural during the race. About a case
Get PDF[ES] Objetivos: Se pretende valorar como varia la actividad muscular de la pierna de un corredor al utilizar diferentes zapatillas deportivas respecto a la condición descalza. Material y métodos: Se utiliza un tapiz rodante y un equipo de electromiografía de superficie para valorar el pico de máxima actividad muscular en las distintas fases de la carrera (final de la fase de vuelo, apoyo de talón, apoyo medio y despegue). El procedimiento empleado consistió en registrar una grabación de 1 min descalzo y con cada condición de calzado: cámara de aire, control de pronación, boost, minimalista y EVA (etil vinil acetato). Resultados: Los máximos picos de actividad muscular suceden en la fase de apoyo medio con la zapatilla boost en el gemelo externo (0,6410 mV) y en la fase de despegue con la de control de pronación en el gemelo interno (0,7322 mV) y en el soleo (1,0905 mV). Conclusiones: La zapatilla boost aumenta la actividad muscular del gemelo externo en todas las fases de la marcha. La zapatilla con control de pronación disminuye la actividad muscular del tríceps sural en la fase de apoyo medio[EN] Objectives:It is intended to assess how the muscular activity of a runner's leg varies when using different sports shoes with respect tothe barefoot condition.Material and methods:Use a treadmill and surface electromyography equipment to assess thepeak of maximum muscular activity in the different phases of the race (late swing phase, heel support, medium support and take-off). The procedure used consisted of recording a recording of 1 minute and with the condition of footwear: air chamber, pronation control, impulse, minimalist and EVA (ethyl vinil acetate). Results:The maximum peaks of muscular activity increase in the phase of medium support with the shoe increase in the lateral gastrocnemius (0.6410 mV) and in the takeoff phase with the control of pronation in the medial gastrocnemius (0.7322 mV) and in the soleo (1.0905 mV).Conclusions:The impulse of the shoe increases the muscular activity of the external twin in all phases of walking. The shoe with pronation control decreases the muscle activity of the triceps surae in the medium support phaseS
Exogenous Melatonin in the Culture Medium Does Not Affect the Development of In Vivo-Derived Pig Embryos but Substantially Improves the Quality of In Vitro-Produced Embryos
Get PDF[EN] Cloned and transgenic pigs are relevant human disease models and serve as potential donors for regenerative medicine and xenotransplantation. These technologies demand oocytes and embryos of good quality. However, the current protocols for in vitro production (IVP) of pig embryos give reduced blastocyst efficiency and embryo quality compared to in vivo controls. This is likely due to culture conditions jeopardizing embryonic homeostasis including the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence. In this study, the antioxidant melatonin (1 nM) in the maturation medium, fertilization medium, or both media was ineffective in enhancing fertilization or embryonic development parameters of in vitro fertilized oocytes. Supplementation of melatonin in the fertilization medium also had no effect on sperm function. In contrast, the addition of melatonin to the embryo culture medium accelerated the timing of embryonic development and increased the percentages of cleaved embryos and presumed zygotes that developed to the blastocyst stage. Furthermore, it increased the number of inner mass cells and the inner mass cell/total cell number ratio per blastocyst while increasing intracellular glutathione and reducing ROS and DNA damage levels in embryos. Contrarily, the addition of melatonin to the embryo culture medium had no evident effect on in vivo-derived embryos, including the developmental capacity and the quality of in vivo-derived 4-cell embryos or the percentage of genome-edited in vivo-derived zygotes achieving the blastocyst stage. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin in the embryo culture medium enhances the development and quality of in vitro-derived embryos but not in in vivo-derived embryos. Exogenous melatonin is thus recommended during embryo culture of oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro for improving porcine IVP efficiency.SIMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033TI2018-093525-B-I00European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program19892/GERM/1
Impact of Cryopreservation on Motile Subpopulations and Tyrosine-Phosphorylated Regions of Ram Spermatozoa during Capacitating Conditions
Get PDF[EN] The heterogeneous nature of ejaculates highlights the relevance of studying the behavior of different sperm subpopulations. Changes in sperm motility and the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation are key events that usually occur during capacitation and can be modified by the cryopreservation process. However, the relationship between both events remains poorly defined throughout capacitation in the different sperm subpopulations. Fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa were incubated in capacitating (CAP) and non-capacitating (NC) media up to 240 min. Sperm kinematics, tyrosine phosphorylation and mitochondrial activity were measured by the CASA system and imaging flow cytometry. Four motile sperm subpopulations (SP) were identified in fresh and frozen-thawed ram semen after the cluster analysis. Incubation under CAP conditions over time led to greater changes in the percentage of spermatozoa included in each subpopulation compared to NC conditions, being different between fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The SP1, characterized by slow spermatozoa, progressively increased after 15 min in frozen-thawed samples incubated in both media but not in fresh ones. The SP4, characterized by fast and non-linear spermatozoa, showed a marked increase during CAP, but not under NC conditions, occurring more rapidly in frozen-thawed spermatozoa. This subpopulation (SP4) was also the only one positively and strongly correlated with mitochondrial activity and all phosphorylated sperm regions during capacitation, either in fresh or frozen-thawed samples. Our results indicated that in vitro capacitation induced significant changes in the distribution of motile sperm subpopulations, being affected by cryopreservation. Notwithstanding, the subpopulation which probably represents hyperactivated-like spermatozoa (SP4) also increased in frozen-thawed samples, occurring faster and simultaneously to the increment of mitochondrial activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of different sperm regions.SISpanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha scholarshi
cAMP Modulators before In Vitro Maturation Decrease DNA Damage and Boost Developmental Potential of Sheep Oocytes
Get PDF[EN] To date, the underlying mechanisms by which cAMP modulators act during in vitro maturation to improve oocyte developmental competence are poorly understood. Here, we sought to fill this knowledge gap by evaluating the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin during a culture period of 2 h before in vitro maturation (pre-IVM) on the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation features in essential organelles, cumulus cells activity, and in vitro developmental potential of sheep oocytes. Results showed that pre-IVM treatment significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the DNA damage of mature oocytes (pre-IVM = 2.08% ± 3.51% vs. control = 20.58% ± 3.51%) and increased (p ≤ 0.05) expanded blastocyst rates compared to the control (from the total of oocytes: pre-IVM = 23.89% ± 1.47% vs. control = 18.22% ± 1.47%, and from the cleaved embryos: pre-IVM = 45.16% ± 1.73% vs. control = 32.88% ± 1.73%). Considering that oocytes are highly vulnerable to the accumulation of DNA damage because of exposure to in vitro culture conditions, our results suggest that the modulation of intra-oocyte cAMP levels with forskolin and IBMX before IVM might afford oocytes a more effective DNA repair mechanism to overcome damage obstacles and ultimately improve developmental competence. This previously unappreciated action of cAMP modulators could help to develop improved methods for assisted reproduction technologies in animal and clinical research.SISpanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha scholarship
La acumulación procesal de los asuntos de despido y extinción del contrato de trabajo el derecho del trabajo y sus universos paralelos
No full text151 páginas[ES] La presente monografía tiene como objeto el análisis del complejo entramado procesal que se produce cuando concurren la impugnación de un despido (sea disciplinario u objetivo) con la impugnación de otra causa de extinción del contrato de trabajo. En este sentido, se parte de la doble posibilidad inicial que contempla la norma de ritos social, bien que el actor acumule en su demanda ambas pretensiones (art. 26.2 LRJS), bien que se presenten por separado y se deba producir luego una acumulación de procesos (art. 32). Siguiendo la estela legal y jurisprudencial, se distingue, a su vez, entre si la pretensión de despido concurre con una resolución causal a instancia del trabajador ex art. 50 ET (situación típica ya contemplada en el anterior art. 32 LPL) o, por el contrario, lo hace con otra causa extintiva empresarial (dobles despidos, despido ad cautelam, retractación empresarial). A continuación, se analizan los trámites procesales que tan intrincada situación requiere y, por fin, se da cuenta de las múltiples soluciones que pueden alcanzarse, en función de si ambas acciones están conectadas entre sí (en cuyo caso habrá de resolverse primero la que está en la base del conflicto) o si son independientes (debiendo entonces darse respuesta en primer lugar a la que hubiera nacido antes). La obra se remata con un apunte de problemas que la concurrencia de estas pretensiones puede provocar más allá del proceso de instancia, tanto en vía de recurso de suplicación, como en sede de ejecución de sentencias
Financiación innovadora para el desarrollo
No full text[ES] La financiación innovadora está constituida por un conjunto de instrumentos y mecanismos de financiación de objetivos de desarrollo a largo plazo que: (i) implican fuentes novedosas respecto a las tradicionales; y (ii) generan recursos de carácter aditivo, y no sustitutivo, a aquéllas. Además, en consonancia con el marco de Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), es deseable que reúna otras características: (iii) facilidad de implementación y relación coste-eficacia razonable, así como un cierto consenso académico y político; (iv) capacidad para enfrentar alguno de los efectos negativos que, sobre el desarrollo, ha ocasionado la globalización, facilitando una mejor provisión de Bienes Públicos Globales (BPG); y (v) garantizar la generación de un volumen suficiente, estable, eficiente y equitativo de recursos adicionales, de calidad y de disponibilidad lo más inmediata posible para el período 2015-2030
Educational innovation: review of experiences with educational or training pills
Get PDF[ES] Se presenta un estudio de revisión sistemática sobre la implantación de la metodología de “Píldoras
Educativas o Formativas” como innovación educativa en la formación universitaria. La revisión tiene como objetivo presentar aquellas experiencias realizadas en el ámbito universitario español, presentando cómo se ha ido incorporando esta metodología en las aulas, en qué áreas y con qué experiencias de éxito. Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en la metodología “Prisma”. Se recogen un total de 32 documentos. Una primera conclusión es que son muy pocas las experiencias realizadas, y que esta metodología es todavía relativamente novedosa en el contexto universitario español, ya que la mayoría de las experiencias se han presentado a partir de 2017. De forma generalizada presentan buenos resultados, pero limitados. Tan solo se recogen experiencias en 17 de las 76 universidades españolas. Destacan, por su número de contribuciones, las universidades de Zaragoza, Alicante, Salamanca y La Laguna. También cabe destacar que tan solo una de estas experiencias que presenta resultados sigue un riguroso diseño experimental. En la mayoría de los casos son diseños descriptivos (un solo grupo, con medidas post-test), lo cual limita mucho las conclusiones de estas experiencias. Se incluyen un resumen
de las principales conclusiones de las experiencias.[EN] A systematic review study is presented on the implementation of the “Educational or Training Pills” methodology as an educational innovation in university education. The review aims to present those experiences carried out in the Spanish university environment, presenting how this methodology has been incorporated into the classroom, in what areas and with what successful experiences. A systematic review based on the “Prisma” methodology was carried out. A total of 33 documents are collected. A first conclusion is that there are very few experiences carried out, and that this methodology is still relatively new in the Spanish university context, since most of the experiences have been presented since 2017. In general, they present good results, but limited. Experiences are only collected in 17 of the 76 Spanish universities. The universities of Zaragoza, Alicante, Salamanca and La Laguna stand out for their number of contributions. It should also be noted that only one of these experiences that presents results follows a rigorous experimental design. In most cases, they are descriptive designs (a single group, with posttest
measurements), which greatly limits the conclusions of these experiences. A summary of the main conclusions of the experiences is included.S