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Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and adherence to Mediterranean diet in an adult population: the Mediterranean diet index as a pollution level index
Get PDF[EN] ackground Research related to sustainable diets is is highly relevant to provide better understanding of the impact of dietary intake on the health and the environment. Aim To assess the association between the adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and the amount of CO2 emitted in an older adult population. Design and population Using a cross-sectional design, the association between the adherence to an energy-reduced Mediterranean Diet (erMedDiet) score and dietary CO2 emissions in 6646 participants was assessed. Methods Food intake and adherence to the erMedDiet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaire and 17-item Mediterranean questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics were documented. Environmental impact was calculated through greenhouse gas emissions estimations, specifically CO2 emissions of each participant diet per day, using a European database. Participants were distributed in quartiles according to their estimated CO2 emissions expressed in kg/day: Q1 (≤2.01 kg CO2), Q2 (2.02-2.34 kg CO2), Q3 (2.35-2.79 kg CO2) and Q4 (≥2.80 kg CO2). Results More men than women induced higher dietary levels of CO2 emissions. Participants reporting higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole cereals, preferring white meat, and having less consumption of red meat were mostly emitting less kg of CO2 through diet. Participants with higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet showed lower odds for dietary CO2 emissions: Q2 (OR 0.87; 95%CI: 0.76-1.00), Q3 (OR 0.69; 95%CI: 0.69-0.79) and Q4 (OR 0.48; 95%CI: 0.42-0.55) vs Q1 (reference). Conclusions The Mediterranean diet can be environmentally protective since the higher the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the lower total dietary CO2 emissions. Mediterranean Diet index may be used as a pollution level index.SICIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)European Regional Development Fun
Muscle Oxygen Extraction during Vascular Occlusion Test in Physically Very Active versus Inactive Healthy Men: A Comparative Study
Get PDF[EN] An increase in the delivery and use of oxygen to the musculature in physically active subjects are determinants of improving health-related aerobic capacity. Additional health benefits, such as an increase in the muscle mass and a decrease in fat mass, principally in the legs, could be achieved with weekly global physical activity levels of more than 300 min. The objective was to compare the muscle vascular and metabolic profiles of physically very active and inactive subjects. Twenty healthy men participated in the study; ten were assigned to the physically very active group (25.5 ± 4.2 years; 72.7 ± 8.1 kg; 173.7 ± 7.6 cm) and ten to the physically inactive group (30.0 ± 7.4 years; 74.9 ± 11.8 kg; 173.0 ± 6.4 cm). The level of physical activity was determined by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). A resting vascular occlusion test (5 min of an ischemic phase and 3 min of a reperfusion phase) was used, whereas a near-field infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device was used to evaluate the muscle oxygenation in the right vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle. The area under the curve of the deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) during the ischemic phase and above the curve of the tissue saturation index (TSI) during the reperfusion phase were obtained to determine muscle metabolic and vascular responses, respectively. Physically very active group showed a higher absolute HHb (3331.9 ± 995.7 vs. 6182.7 ± 1632.5 mmol/s) and lower TSI (7615.0 ± 1111.9 vs. 5420.0 ± 781.4 %/s) and relative to body weight (46.3 ± 14.6 vs. 84.4 ± 27.1 mmol/s/kg and 106.0 ± 20.6 vs. 73.6 ± 13.8 %/s/kg, respectively), muscle mass (369.9 ± 122.2 vs. 707.5 ± 225.8 mmol/kg and 829.7 ± 163.4 vs. 611.9 ± 154.2 %/s/kg) and fat mass (1760.8 ± 522.9 vs. 2981.0 ± 1239.9 mmol/s/kg and 4160.0 ± 1257.3 vs. ±2638.4 ± 994.3 %/s/kg, respectively) than physically inactive subjects. A negative correlation was observed between HHb levels and TSI (r = −0.6; p 300 min/week) present better muscle oxidative metabolism and perfusion and perform significantly more physical activity than physically inactive subjects. Extra benefits for vascular health and muscle oxidative metabolism are achieved when a subject becomes physically very active, as recommended by the World Health Organization. In addition, a higher level of physical activity determined by GPAQ is related to better vascular function and oxidative metabolism of the main locomotor musculature, i.e., the quadricepsS
Electronic citation in the Brazilian Civil Procedural Code
Get PDF[ES] Aborda los diversos aspectos relacionados con esta modalidad de citación, introducida por el Legislador a través de la Ley n.º 14.195/21. Aclara que la citación electrónica ha pasado a ser la modalidad preferencial, mencionando además las personas que pueden ser citadas electrónicamente. También se discuten las herramientas para la citación electrónica, así como aspectos relativos a la validez de la citación electrónica y a la posibilidad de aplicar los efectos de la rebeldía. Asimismo, se tratan los plazos procesales relativos a la citación electrónica y su aplicación en los procesos de conocimiento y de ejecución, así como en la fase de cumplimiento de sentencia, cuando la necesidad de citación del ejecutado es exigida por el Legislador.[EN] It addresses the various aspects related to the referred modality of citation, inserted by the Legislator of Law n. 14.195/21. It clarifies that electronic citation is now adopted as the preferred modality, also mentioning people who can be cited electronically. Tools for electronic citation were also addressed, as well as aspects related to the validity of electronic citation and the possibility of applying the effects of default. The procedural deadlines related to electronic citation and its application in the knowledge and enforcement processes were addressed, as well as in the sentence fulfillment phase, when the need for citation of the debtor is required by the Legislator
Líderes centrados en tareas versus líderes centrados en soluciones: su evaluación por pares
No full textXVI Foro Internacional sobre la evaluación de la calidad de la investigación y de la Educación Superior. (FECIES). Santiago de Compostela, 29-31 de mayo de 2019.[ES] El liderazgo es el intento de influir en la conducta de otros sin utilizar formas coercitivas de poder para alcanzar objetivos concretos de manera adecuada. Fred Fiedler considera que se pueden encontrar dos tipos de líderes: 1) líderes centrados en las tareas: están muy implicados en conseguir éxito en lo que emprenden; 2) líderes centrados en las relaciones quienes obtienen satisfacción de las buenas relaciones personales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar qué tipo de liderazgo se da en estudiantes universitarios y analizar si existen diferencias entre las titulaciones y en función del sexo. A través de la evaluación por pares, 465 estudiantes (65,6% mujeres) de la Universidad de León cumplimentaron la Escala de Compañero de Trabajo Menos Preferido de Fiedler para evaluar el liderazgo. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, de fiabilidad, multivariados y prueba t de diferencia de medias. El Alfa de Cronbach de la escala de liderazgo fue ,95. La mayoría de los estudiantes evaluaron a sus compañeros como líderes centrados en las relaciones. Existen diferencias en liderazgo en función grupo, los estudiantes del Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica, Industrial y Automática y los del Grado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas que los estudiantes del Grado en Educación Social. Podemos concluir que la evaluación por pares puede ser un método apropiado para evaluar el liderazgo y que se precisa fomentar en los estudiantes el tipo de liderazgo centrado en las tareas ya que a la vista de los resultados está muy descompensado y consideramos que es de gran valía en el mejor desempeño profesional
A meta-analysis approach for annotation and identification of lncRNAs controlling perirenal fat deposition in suckling lambs
Get PDF[EN] Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being studied in farm animals due to their association with traits of economic interest, such as fat deposition. Based on the analysis of perirenal fat transcriptomes, this research explored the relevance of these regulatory elements to fat deposition in suckling lambs. To that end, meta-analysis techniques have been implemented to efficiently characterize and detect differentially expressed transcripts from two different RNA-seq datasets, one including samples of two sheep breeds that differ in fat deposition features, Churra and Assaf (n = 14), and one generated from Assaf suckling lambs with different fat deposition levels (n = 8). The joint analysis of the 22 perirenal fat RNA-seq samples with the FEELnc software allowed the detection of 3953 novel lncRNAs. After the meta-analysis, 251 differentially expressed genes were identified, 21 of which were novel lncRNAs. Additionally, a co-expression analysis revealed that, in suckling lambs, lncRNAs may play a role in controlling angiogenesis and thermogenesis, processes highlighted in relation to high and low fat deposition levels, respectively. Overall, while providing information that could be applied for the improvement of suckling lamb carcass traits, this study offers insights into the biology of perirenal fat deposition regulation in mammalsSIThis work has been performed within the framework of theQUALITY-LAMB project funded by the Junta de Castillaand León Regional Government [Ref. LE084P23]. MAG isfunded by a predoctoral fellowship from the Junta deCastilla and León Regional Government and the EuropeanSocial Fund. PASF is beneficiary of a María ZambranoGrant of the University of León funded by the Ministry ofUniversities (Madrid, Spain) and financed by the EuropeanUnion-Next Generation E
Necesara revizuire a formulării de cereri sau contestații de orice tip de către contribuabil ca o cauză de întrerupere a prescripției pentru determinarea datoriei fiscale
Get PDF[EN] In a remarkable doctrinary effort, the author focuses on the prescription of tax debt in Spain and, more specifically, on a particular interruptive cause of prescription mentioned in article 68.1 (b) of the General Tax Law: the filing of claims or appeals of any kind by the taxpayer. From this point, the author seeks to demonstrate that this interruptive cause is not a logical one and, therefore, it should be subject to immediate legislative review. A proposal for such a review is put forward in this article.[RO] În cadrul unui remarcabil efort doctrinar, autorul se concentrează pe problematica prescripției obligațiilor fiscale în Spania și, mai precis, pe o cauză particulară de întrerupere a prescripției menționate de art. 68.1 (b) din Codul fiscal: formularea de cereri și contestații de orice fel de către contribuabil. Din acest punct, autorul încearcă să demonstreze că această cauză întreruptivă nu este una logică și, prin urmare, ar trebui să facă imediat obiectul unei reforme legislative. O propunere pentru o asemenea revizuire este formulată în articol.S
Beneficiile fiscale aplicabile afacerilor de familie în Spania
Get PDF[EN] In this article, the author analyzes the intricate and challenging matter of family business taxation, using as a starting point the tax provisions of the Spanish legislation. However, the taxation of family businesses and, more specifically, the influence of national legislations on natural persons, is looked into from an international and comparative perspective. The author also approaches the wide margin of appreciation that Spanish autonomous communities have in terms of taxation regulation.[RO] În acest articol, autorul analizează problema complexă și provocatoare a impozitării afacerilor familiale, folosind ca punct de plecare prevederile fi scale ale legislației spaniole. Cu toate acestea, impozitarea întreprinderilor familiale și, mai precis, infl uența legislațiilor naționale asupra persoanelor fi zice este analizată dintr‑o perspectivă internațională și comparativă. Autorul abordează și marja largă de apreciere pe care o au comunitățile autonome spaniole în ceea ce privește reglementarea fiscală.S
Salmonella Control in Swine: A Thoughtful Discussion of the Pre- and Post-Harvest Control Approaches in Industrialized Countries
Get PDF[EN] Pork is among the major sources of human salmonellosis in developed countries. Since the 1990s, different surveys and cross-sectional studies, both national and international (i.e., the baseline studies performed in the European Union), have revealed and confirmed the widespread non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes in pigs. A number of countries have implemented control programs with different approaches and degrees of success. The efforts could be implemented either at farms, in post-harvest stages, or both. The current review revises the current state of the art in Salmonella in swine, the control programs ongoing or conducted in the past, and their strengths and failures, with particular attention to the weight of pre- and post-harvest control and the implications that both have for the success of interventions or mitigation after outbreaks. This review provides a novel perspective on Salmonella control in swine, a matter that still includes uncertainties and room for improvement as a question of public health and One HealthSIThis research received no external fundin
= Eventos y tipo de eventos (puntuaciones y penalizaciones) en las unidades temporales de competiciones de judo de élite: implicaciones para la preparación táctica
Get PDF[ES] Introducción:Este estudio examina la distribución de eventos y tipos de eventos (EVRs) en competiciones de judo de élite en categoría masculina y femenina. Muestra:Se analizaron los Campeonatos Mundiales de 2018, 2019 y 2021, incorporando 6487 eventos (EVs) y 2340 combates clasificados por su evento final (cEV). Resultados:La predominancia de EV2 y EV3 en combates masculinos (23.2% y 36.6%) y femeninos (26.8% y 31.7%) sugiere patrones consistentes. Los análisis estadísticos revelan distribuciones no uniformes de eventos dentro de unidades temporales (TUs). Se encontraron asociaciones pequeñas entre los EVRs y las UTs para EV1, EV2 y EV3 (Cramer’s V = 0.103 a 0.171; p<0.001), mientras que se observaron asociaciones moderadas para EV4 (Cramer’s V = 0.260 a 0.271; p<0.001), y no se detectaron asociaciones para EV5 y EV6, tanto en mujeres como en hombres. Los combates de las categorías femeninas generalmente presentan menos eventos, concentrados dentro de la misma TU, indicando duraciones más cortas en comparación con las masculinas. Se observó una asociación entre la ocurrencia de EVRs y el momento en que ocurren, demostrando patrones similares entre sexos. El Waza-ari estuvo significativamente sobrerrepresentado en la UT1 tanto para hombres como para mujeres (SR = 2.1 y 2.2, respectivamente). En contraste, el Ippon estuvo sobrerrepresentado en el periodo de Golden Score (UT-GS) (SR = 3.3) solo para hombres. Especialmente, cEV1, cEV2 y cEV3 muestran variaciones de tiempo entre categorías masculinas y femeninas, mientras que cEV4 se producen en tiempos similares. Conclusión:Esta investigación ofrece una visión integral de la dinámica de las competiciones de judo de élite. Esta información es útil para conocer las estrategias utilizadas por los judocas masculinos y femeninos. La tendencia observada de los judocas a adoptar un enfoque ofensivo al principio de los combates, centrándose en proyecciones y controles en el suelo, en comparación con las penalizaciones, supone una valiosa contribución a la comprensión de la dinámica competitiva en el judo.[EN] Introduction:This study examines the distribution of events and event records (EVRs) in elite judo competitions, encompassing both male and female categories.Sample: By analyzing data from the 2018, 2019, and 2021 World Championships, the study incorporates 6487 events (EVs) and 2340 contests classified by their last event (cEV).Results:The predominant occurrence of EV2 and EV3 in male (23.2% and 36.6%) and female (26.8% and 31.7%) contests suggests consistent patterns. Statistical analyses reveal non-uniform distributions of events within temporal units (TUs). Small associations were found between EVRs and TUs for EV1, EV2 and EV3 (Cramer’s V = 0.103 to 0.171; p<0.001), while moderate associations were observed for EV4 (Cramer’s V = 0.260 to 0.271; p<0.001) with no associations detected for EV5 and EV6, in both sexes. Female contests generally feature fewer events, concentrated within the same TU, indicating shorter durations compared to males. The study emphasizes the association between the occurrence of EVRs and the moment they occur, demonstrating similar patterns across sexes. Waza-ari was significantly overrepresented in the TU1 for both males and females (SR = 2.1 and 2.2, respectively). In contrast, Ippon was overrepresented in the Golden Score (TU-GS) period (SR = 3.3) for males. Notably, cEV1, cEV2, and cEV3 exhibit timing variations between male and female categories, while cEV4 share equivalent timing. Conclusion: This research provides comprehensive insights into the dynamics of elite judo contests, informing professionals on the nuanced strategies needed for male and female judo athletes. The observed tendency of athletes to adopt an offensive approach at the beginning of contests, focusing on throws or body controls in groundwork over penalizations, adds a valuable layer to understanding the competitive dynamics in judo
Effects of cooling vest and personal protective equipment removal on thermoregulation in wildland firefighters during progressive thermal loads
Get PDF[EN] Background: Wildland firefighters (WFFs) regularly face demanding physical and environmental conditions during their duties, such as high ambient temperatures, challenging terrains, heavy equipment and protective gear. These conditions can strain thermoregulatory responses, leading to increased fatigue and posing risks to their health and safety. This study examined the effectiveness of two cooling interventions during physical activity in hot environments. Methods: Eight active male WFFs participated, comparing the effects of wearing a cooling vest (VEST) and personal protective equipment removal (PASSIVE) against a control condition (PPE). Participants walked on a treadmill at a speed of 6 km·h−1 for approximately 75-min under hot conditions (30°C and 30% relative humidity). Incremental slope increases were introduced every 15 min after the initial 20 min of activity, with 5-min passive recovery between each increment. Physiological and perceptual parameters were monitored throughout the protocol. Results: Significant main effects (p < 0.05) were observed in skin temperature (36.3 ± 0.2, 36.2 ± 0.4 and 35.4 ± 0.6°C in PPE, PASSIVE and VEST, respectively), physiological strain index (5.2 ± 0.4, 5.6 ± 1.1 and 4.3 ± 1.4 in PPE, PASSIVE and VEST) and thermal sensation (6.6 ± 0.6, 6.4 ± 0.7 and 5.3 ± 0.7 in PPE, PASSIVE, and VEST). However, no significant effects of the cooling strategies were observed on heart rate, gastrointestinal temperature or performance. Conclusion: Despite the observed effects on physiological responses, neither cooling strategy effectively mitigated thermal strain in WFFs under the experimental conditions tested.SIThe author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported by a grant for research projects in occupational risk prevention from the Consejería de Industria, Comercio y Empleo, Junta de Castilla y León (Spain) (INVESTUN/22/LE/0001). The authors wish to thank the European Social Fund, the Operative Program of Castilla y León and Junta de Castilla y León through the Regional Ministry of Education for supporting the predoctoral grants