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= La institucionalización del taekwondo en Corea del Sur
Get PDF[ES] El taekwondo, designado "deporte nacional oficial de la República de Corea", ha sido motivo de orgullo y punto de referencia para el pueblo coreano. En las últimas décadas se han publicado numerosos artículos académicos y libros sobre la evolución histórica general del taekwondo; sin embargo,su proceso de institucionalización en Corea del Sur se ha descuidado o ignorado en gran medida. En algún momento de su vida, casi todos los surcoreanos, sobre todo los varones cuando entran en el servicio militar, reciben algún tipo de entrenamiento de taekwondo. Ningún otro país del mundo integra las artes marciales de forma tan amplia. De ahí que este artículo pretenda explicar la amplia integración del taekwondo en el sistema educativ opúblico y superior y en el ejército de Corea del Sur. Posteriormente, se centra en el taekwondo como una oportunidad profesional en Corea del Sur, un caso singular en el ámbito internacional. Por último, se centraen la ampliación y especialización de las actividades de taekwondo, con la difusión y popularización del taekwondo de "demostración" y de "formas". En resumen, este artículo pretende explorar estos fenómenos y aportar nuevas ideas al campo de los estudios sobre el taekwondo.[EN] Taekwondo, designated as the official ‘national sport of the Republic of Korea,’ has been a source of pride and a point of reference for the Korean people. A great variety of academic articles and books have been published over the last decadesabout the general historical formation of taekwondo; however, the topic of taekwondo’s institutionalization in SouthKorea has been largely neglected or ignored. At some point in their lives, almost every South Korean, particularly withinthe male population when they enter military service, undergoes some form of taekwondo training. No other country in the world integrates martial arts in such a wide-ranging manner. Hence, this article aims to explain the broad integrationof taekwondo into the public and higher education system and the military of South Korea. Subsequently, this studydetails taekwondo as a career opportunity in South Korea, which is highly unique among nations. Lastly, this articlefocuses on the broadening and specialization of taekwondo activities with the spread and popularization of ‘demonstration’ and ‘forms’ taekwondo. In summary, this article aims to explore these phenomena and contribute newinsights to the field of Taekwondo Studies
= Review ofA causa de la lucha celebrada en San Bartolomé de Geneto (1834), by Víctor Lorenzo Alonso Delgado
Get PDF[ES] Este libro contiene la transcripción original de un texto de 1834 sobre la memoria del proceso judicial desarrollado a partir de los incidentes ocurridos durante la celebración de un evento de lucha en Tenerife. El contenido de la memoria da información sobre las formas de organización del evento, el nivel y modo de estandarización de la lucha, la terminología utilizada o la indumentaria utilizada. El texto viene precedido por una introducción socio-histórica en la que vemos cómo el desarrollo de la lucha se ve sujeto a procesos de deportivización vinculados a la generación de una identidad comunitaria Canaria propia y distintiva respecto a la España peninsular.[EN] This book contains the original transcription of a 1834 text about the memory of the judicial process developed from the incidents that occurred during the celebration of a wrestling event in Tenerife. The content of the memory provides information about the forms of organization of the event, the level and mode of standardization of wrestling, terminology or clothing. The text is preceded by a socio-historical introduction about the development of wrestling, embedded within processes of sportisation linked to the generation of a Canarian identity that is distinctive from that of peninsular Spain
Low Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA Prevents Cognitive Deficit and Regulates Alzheimer Disease Mediators in an ApoE−/− Mice Experimental Model
Get PDF[EN] Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia and cognitive impairment. It has been associated with a significant diminution of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in the brain. Clinical trials with DHA as a treatment in neurological diseases have shown inconsistent results. Previously, we reported that the presence of phytanic acid (PhA) in standard DHA compositions could be blunting DHA’s beneficial effects. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the effects of a low PhA-concentrated DHA and a standard PhA-concentrated DHA in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. Behavioral tests and protein expression of pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, antioxidant factors, and AD-related mediators were evaluated. Low PhA-concentrated DHA decreased Aβ, ß-amyloid precursor protein (APP), p-tau, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII), caspase 3, and catalase, and increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) when compared to standard PhA-concentrated DHA. Low PhA-concentrated DHA decreased interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein expression in ApoE−/− mice when compared to standard PhA-concentrated DHA. No significant differences were found in p22phox, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), and tau protein expression. The positive actions of a low PhA-concentrated DHA were functionally reflected by improving the cognitive deficit in the AD experimental model. Therefore, reduction of PhA content in DHA compositions could highlight a novel pathway for the neurodegeneration processes related to ADSIThis work was supported by grants from “Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016” (RTC-2014-1689-1) and the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (Red de Trastornos Adictivos, FEDER, RD16/0017/0008 to J.A.L.M.
Horizontality and informality in collective language learning through networks
No full text[ES] En el siglo XXI, el aprendizaje de lenguas está impulsado por la globalización y la movilidad internacional, lo que lleva a que las personas no solo reciban información, sino también la produzcan y compartan a través de las Redes Sociales. Este enfoque requiere nuevas posturas y actitudes didácticas, colaborativas y pragmáticas a través del aprendizaje y la enseñanza horizontal, que fomenta el Social Learning y el principio del Learning by doing. Se busca explorar esta nueva tendencia en la educación superior.[ES] In the Twenty-first century, language learning is driven by globalisation and international mobility, which leads people not only to receive information, but also to produce and share it through social networks. This approach requires new didactic, collaborative, and pragmatic stances and attitudes through horizontal learning and teaching, which encourages Social Learning and the principle of Learning by doing. The aim is to explore this new trend in higher education
Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN at Journal Citation Reports
No full text[ES] En 2019 la revista Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN conseguía ser incluida en la prestigiosa Web of Science (WOS), la colección de bases de datos de referencias bibliográficas y citas de publicaciones periódicas que se ha utilizado durante varias décadas como una de las principales herramientas de búsqueda de información científica multidisciplinar y como fuente más influyente para medir y evaluar el impacto de las publicaciones. Que una revista sea indizada en la WOS se puede considerar una distinción y un mérito en sí mismo, ya que su carácter elitista y selectivo supone un filtro que solo unas pocas revistas pueden superar.S
Molecular characterization of a fungal gene paralogue of the penicillin penDE gene of Penicillium chrysogenum
Get PDF[EN] Background. Penicillium chrysogenum converts isopenicillin N (IPN) into hydrophobic penicillins by means of the peroxisomal IPN acyltransferase (IAT), which is encoded by the penDE gene. In silico analysis of the P. chrysogenum genome revealed the presence of a gene, Pc13g09140, initially described as paralogue of the IAT-encoding penDE gene. We have termed this gene ial because it encodes a protein with high similarity to IAT (IAL for IAT-Like). We have conducted an investigation to characterize the ial gene and to determine the role of the IAL protein in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. Results
The IAL contains motifs characteristic of the IAT such as the processing site, but lacks the peroxisomal targeting sequence ARL. Null ial mutants and overexpressing strains indicated that IAL lacks acyltransferase (penicillin biosynthetic) and amidohydrolase (6-APA forming) activities in vivo. When the canonical ARL motif (leading to peroxisomal targeting) was added to the C-terminus of the IAL protein (IALARL) by site-directed mutagenesis, no penicillin biosynthetic activity was detected. Since the IAT is only active after an accurate self-processing of the preprotein into α and β subunits, self-processing of the IAL was tested in Escherichia coli. Overexpression experiments and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that IAL is also self-processed in two subunits, but despite the correct processing, the enzyme remained inactive in vitro.Conclusion: No activity related to the penicillin biosynthesis was detected for the IAL. Sequence comparison among the P. chrysogenum IAL, the A. nidulans IAL homologue and the IAT, revealed that the lack of enzyme activity seems to be due to an alteration of the essential Ser309 in the thioesterase active site. Homologues of the ial gene have been found in many other ascomycetes, including non-penicillin producers. Our data suggest that like in A. nidulans, the ial and penDE genes might have been formed from a single ancestral gene that became duplicated during evolution, although a separate evolutive origin for the ial and penDE genes, is also discussed.S
Overview of Antimicrobial Resistant ESKAPEE Pathogens in Food Sources and Their Implications from a One Health Perspective
Get PDF[EN]Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing societal burden worldwide, with ESKAPEE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species and Escherichia coli) pathogens overwhelming the healthcare sectors and more recently becoming predominantly a concern for their persistence in food and food industries, including agricultural settings and animal husbandry environments. The aim of this review is to explore the mechanisms by which the ESKAPEE group gained its multidrug resistance profiles, to analyse their occurrence in different foods and other related reservoirs, including water, and to address the current challenges due to their spread within the food production chain. Moreover, the repertoire of surveillance programmes available focused on monitoring their occurrence, common reservoirs and the spread of antimicrobial resistance are described in this review paper. Evidence from the literature suggests that restricting our scope in relation to multidrug resistance in ESKAPEE pathogens to healthcare and healthcare-associated facilities might actually impede unveiling the actual issues these pathogens can exhibit, for example, in food and food-related reservoirs. Furthermore, this review addresses the need for increasing public campaigns aimed at addressing this challenge, which must be considered in our fight against antimicrobial resistance shown by the ESKAPEE group in food and food-related sectors.S
Genome sequencing and analysis of the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum
Get PDF[EN] Industrial penicillin production with the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum is based on an unprecedented effort in microbial strain improvement. To gain more insight into penicillin synthesis, we sequenced the 32.19 Mb genome of P. chrysogenum Wisconsin54-1255 and identified numerous genes responsible for key steps in penicillin production. DNA microarrays were used to compare the transcriptomes of the sequenced strain and a penicillinG high-producing strain, grown in the presence and absence of the side-chain precursor phenylacetic acid. Transcription of genes involved in biosynthesis of valine, cysteine and α-aminoadipic acid—precursors for penicillin biosynthesis—as well as of genes encoding microbody proteins, was increased in the high-producing strain. Some gene products were shown to be directly controlling β-lactam output. Many key cellular transport processes involving penicillins and intermediates remain to be characterized at the molecular level. Genes predicted to encode transporters were strongly overrepresented among the genes transcriptionally upregulated under conditions that stimulate penicillinG production, illustrating potential for future genomics-driven metabolic engineering.S
Phenotypic and genetic parameter estimates of cheese-making traits and their relationships with milk production, composition and functional traits in Spanish Assaf sheep
Get PDF[EN] Sheep milk is mostly used for the production of cheese. In this study, a commercial population of Spanish Assaf sheep was analyzed for six cheese-making traits: four related to milk-coagulation properties (MCPs) [rennet coagulation time (RCT), curd-firming time (K20), and curd firmness at minutes 30 and 60 (A30, A60)] and two related to cheese yield [individual laboratory cheese yield (ILCY) individual laboratory dried curd yield (ILDCY)]. Records for milk production traits were also available for this study. Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis was used to estimate the genetic parameters and variance components, whereas bivariate models were used to calculate the phenotypic and genetic correlations among the traits considered in this work. Of the 1,143 milk samples included in the study, 147 (13%) did not coagulate, whereas 425 samples (approximately 37%) showed slow coagulation (samples with a record for A60 and a missing record for A30). Also, large mean values were observed for RCT (29.54 min) and logK20 (1.35 min). The heritabilities estimated for the cheese-making traits were moderate, ranging between 0.15 (for ILDCY) and 0.30 (A30 and ILCY). In general, within the pairs of related cheese-making traits, we found moderate-high phenotypic and genetic correlations. The RCT and logK20 traits showed high negative correlations with A30 and A60 at both the genetic and phenotypic levels. From the estimation of genetic parameters among these and several milk traits, the high and positive genetic correlations observed between PP and the two cheese yield traits should be highlighted. Based on the estimated phenotypic correlations, our study supports that subclinical mastitis is related to a delayed gelification of milk and lower curd firmness. Overall, this study provides the first report about the phenotypic and genetic parameters of cheese-making traits in a commercial population of Assaf sheep, offering preliminary information that might help to identify the cheese-making or related milk production traits that could be considered to improve Assaf population toward enhanced cheese performance featuresSIThis research work was funded by the AGL2015-66035-R project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. We thank The Consortium for the Promotion of Ovine Products (http:// lechedeoveja.com) for the close collaboration with our research group and the support for sampling collection. M. Sánchez-Mayor is funded by an FPI from MINECO (Ref. BES-2013-063614). B. Gutiérrez-Gil is funded through the Spanish “Ramón y Cajal” Programme (RYC-2012- 10230) from MINECO. R. Pong-Wong is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council through Institute Strategic Programme Grant funding (BBS/E/D/30002275
Estimating Grassland Biophysical Parameters in the Cantabrian Mountains Using Radiative Transfer Models in Combination with Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis
Get PDFThis article belongs to the Section Environmental Remote Sensing[EN] Grasslands are one of the most abundant and biodiverse ecosystems in the world. However, in southern European countries, the abandonment of traditional management activities, such as extensive grazing, has caused many semi-natural grasslands to be invaded by shrubs. Therefore, there is a need to characterize semi-natural grasslands to determine their aboveground primary production and livestock-carrying capacity. Nevertheless, current methods lack a realistic identification of vegetation assemblages where grassland biophysical parameters can be accurately retrieved by the inversion of turbid-medium radiative transfer models (RTMs) in fine-grained landscapes. To this end, in this study we proposed a novel framework in which multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) was implemented to realistically identify grassland-dominated pixels from Sentinel-2 imagery in heterogeneous mountain landscapes. Then, the inversion of PROSAIL RTM (coupled PROSPECT and SAIL leaf and canopy models) was implemented separately for retrieving grassland biophysical parameters, including the leaf area index (LAI), fractional vegetation cover (FCOVER), and aboveground biomass (AGB), from grassland-dominated Sentinel-2 pixels while accounting for non-vegetated areas at the subpixel level. The study region was the southern slope of the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain), with a high spatial variability of fine-grained land covers. The MESMA grassland fraction image had a high accuracy based on validation results using centimetric resolution aerial orthophotographs (R2 = 0.74, and RMSE = 0.18). The validation with field reference data from several mountain passes of the southern slope of the Cantabrian Mountains featured a high accuracy for LAI (R2 = 0.74, and RMSE = 0.56 m2·m−2), FCOVER (R2 = 0.78 and RMSE = 0.07), and AGB (R2 = 0.67, and RMSE = 43.44 g·m−2). This study provides a reliable method to accurately identify and estimate grassland biophysical variables in highly diverse landscapes at a regional scale, with important implications for the management and conservation of threatened semi-natural grasslands. Future studies should investigate the PROSAIL inversion over the endmember signatures and subpixel fractions depicted by MESMA to adequately address the parametrization of the underlying background reflectance by using prior information and should also explore the scalability of this approach to other heterogeneous landscapesSIThis study was financially supported by the “Management model for the development of multifunctionality and bioeconomy in areas of high ecological value through extensive livestock farming and transhumance (BiONNOMÍA) (BF298)” project funded by the Biodiversity Foundation of the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan (PRTR), financed by the European Union—NextGenerationE