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Safety of water lentil powder from Lemnaceae as a Novel Food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
Get PDF[EN] Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of water lentil powder as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. Water lentils refer to aquatic plants belonging to the Araceae family and represented by five genera (Lemna, Wolffia, Wolffiella, Landoltia and Spirodela). The NF is thermally washed and dried water lentils, which are produced as a polyculture crop consisting of species from the Lemna genus (70–100%) and the Wolffia genus (0–30%). The main constituents of the NF are protein, fibre and fat. The Panel notes that the concentration of trace elements and contaminants in the NF is highly dependent on the conditions of cultivation of the plant and the fertiliser composition. The NF is expected to be stable and to comply with the specifications during the suggested shelf life. The NF is intended for human consumption as a food ingredient in herbs, spices and seasonings, sauces, soups and broths, protein products, dietary food for weight control and as a food supplement. The target population is the general population, except for food supplements which are exclusively intended for consumption by adults. The Panel considers that based on the composition of the NF and the proposed intended uses, the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous, except for the concerns regarding intake of manganese from the NF. No adverse effect was observed in the submitted 90-day subchronic study, at the highest dose, 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day of NF. The Panel considers that, based on the protein concentration, the consumption of the NF may trigger allergic reactions. The Panel concluded that an increase in manganese intake from the NF used as food ingredient or food supplements is of safety concern and the safety of the NF cannot be establishedS
Assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase produced by Aspergillus nigerCBS 109.713 and endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanase produced by Aspergillus nigerDSM 18404 for poultry species, ornamental birds and weaned piglets, from BASF SE
Get PDF[EN] Natugrain® TS/TS L is the trade name of the feed additive under assessment and contains endo-1,4-β-xylanase and endo-1,4-β-glucanase produced by genetically modified strains of Aspergillus niger. The product is currently authorised for use as a feed additive for poultry species, ornamental birds, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening. This scientific opinion concerns the renewal of the authorisation of this additive for poultry species, ornamental birds and weaned piglets. The applicant provided evidence that the additive in the market complies with the conditions of the authorisation. According to the information provided by the applicant, no new evidence has been identified that would make the FEEDAP Panel reconsider the previous conclusions regarding the safety for the target species, consumer, user and environment under the authorised conditions of use. The additive is safe for the target species for which the renewal of the authorisation is requested, the consumers and the environment. The additive is a potential skin and a respiratory sensitiser. The present application for renewal of the authorisation did not include a proposal for amending or supplementing the conditions of the original authorisation that would have an impact on the efficacy of the additive. Therefore, there was no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisationSIThe Panel wishes to acknowledge the contribution of Jaume Galobart and Orsolya Holczknecht to this opinio
El Mundo está fatal (pero hay esperanza). Reflexiones de una ecomujerista blanca.
No full textManuscrito aceptado para su publicación[ES] Libro de ensayos. Ensayos originales, artículos académicos y poesía. Recorrido por la trayectoria intelectual y personal de la autora
Granadas Lafitte en el Frente Norte de la guerra civil española: restos materiales documentados en el municipio de San Emiliano (Babia, León)
No full text[ES] Este trabajo consta de varias partes. Comienza con una primera explicación básica sobre qué es una granada Lafitte, mencionando su origen y la adopción por el Ejército español como reglamentaria, así como su fabricación, especialmente en la antigua Real Fábrica de Artillería de Sevilla. Continúa mostrando las características técnicas y formales de esta bomba de mano. Posteriormente, expone su modo de activación en el campo de batalla y algunas referencias concretas sobre hallazgos en contextos bélicos, especialmente en la guerra civil española. Incide en la inestabilidad y peligrosidad de esta munición, analizando incluso casos de niños leoneses heridos en la posguerra por sus explosiones. En uno de sus apartados centrales, localizaremos y describiremos los restos materiales de piezas de Lafittes documentados arqueológicamente desde 2019 hasta 2023 en el término municipal de San Emiliano, comarca de Babia, provincia de León. Corresponden a granadas utilizadas durante el conflicto civil español en posiciones del llamado Frente Norte, frente de los Puertos o frente de León, activo entre agosto de 1936 y octubre de 1937. Ello nos permitirá finalizar valorando la aportación contextual que proporciona la metódica prospección y estudio de elementos relacionados con granadas de este tipo en campos de batalla, interpretando acciones de gran intensidad bélica
Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after implementing the Triepi-45 tool to improve episiotomy angle in instrumental deliveries
No full text[EN] Objective: To assess the impact of Triepi-45—a tool that enables an episiotomy angle of 45° to be marked on the perineum at rest—on the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) during operative vaginal delivery (OVD). Method: A retrospective–prospective cohort study was performed among successive women who underwent OVD at Complejo Asistencial Universitario de de León, Spain, between 2011 and 2013 (preintervention cohort, n=986) and between 2014 and 2016 (intervention cohort, n=986) after implementation of an interventional programme in 2013 to improve the episiotomy angle, including use of Triepi-45, in OVD. Results: The intervention cohort had a lower incidence of OASIS than the preintervention cohort (70/986 [7.1%] vs 93/986 [9.4%]), but the difference was not significant, owing to the low use of Triepi-45 in the intervention cohort (n=375). However, the OASIS incidence was significantly lower in the Triepi-45 cohort than in the preintervention cohort (18/375 [4.8%] vs 93/986 [9.4%]; odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.26–0.86). Conclusion: Use of Triepi-45 had a positive impact on reducing OASIS in OVD. It remains essential to raise obstetricians’ awareness of the importance of the episiotomy angle and to implement the systematic use of tools to reduce the incidence of OASISSIThe authors thank all staff of the Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment, for collaborating in the program to improve care forpregnant wome
Biotechnological Fungal Platforms for the Production of Biosynthetic Cannabinoids
Get PDF[EN] Cannabinoids are bioactive meroterpenoids comprising prenylated polyketide molecules that can modulate a wide range of physiological processes. Cannabinoids have been shown to possess various medical/therapeutic effects, such as anti-convulsive, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic, antinausea, and anti-microbial properties. The increasing interest in their beneficial effects and application as clinically useful drugs has promoted the development of heterologous biosynthetic platforms for the industrial production of these compounds. This approach can help circumvent the drawbacks associated with extraction from naturally occurring plants or chemical synthesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the fungal platforms developed by genetic engineering for the biosynthetic production of cannabinoids. Different yeast species, such as Komagataella phaffii (formerly P. pastoris) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been genetically modified to include the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway and to improve metabolic fluxes in order to increase cannabinoid titers. In addition, we engineered the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum for the first time as a host microorganism for the production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid from intermediates (cannabigerolic acid and olivetolic acid), thereby showing the potential of filamentous fungi as alternative platforms for cannabinoid biosynthesis upon optimization.SIHorizon Europe Framework Programm
Dietary supplemental plant oils reduce methanogenesis from anaerobic microbial fermentation in the rumen
Get PDF[EN] Ruminants contribute to the emissions of greenhouse gases, in particular methane, due to the microbial
anaerobic fermentation of feed in the rumen. The rumen simulation technique was used to investigate
the effects of the addition of different supplemental plant oils to a high concentrate diet on ruminal
fermentation and microbial community composition. The control (CTR) diet was a high-concentrate
total mixed ration with no supplemental oil. The other experimental diets were supplemented with
olive (OLV), sunflower (SFL) or linseed (LNS) oils at 6%. Rumen digesta was used to inoculate the
fermenters, and four fermentation units were used per treatment. Fermentation end-products, extent
of feed degradation and composition of the microbial community (qPCR) in digesta were determined.
Compared with the CTR diet, the addition of plant oils had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on ruminal
pH, substrate degradation, total volatile fatty acids or microbial protein synthesis. Gas production from
the fermentation of starch or cellulose were decreased by oil supplementation. Methane production
was reduced by 21–28% (P < 0.001), propionate production was increased (P < 0.01), and butyrate
and ammonia outputs and the acetate to propionate ratio were decreased (P < 0.001) with oil-
supplemented diets. Addition of 6% OLV and LNS reduced (P < 0.05) copy numbers of total bacteria
relative to the control. In conclusion, the supplementation of ruminant diets with plant oils, in particular
from sunflower or linseed, causes some favorable effects on the fermentation processes. The addition
of vegetable oils to ruminant mixed rations will reduce methane production increasing the formation of
propionic acid without affecting the digestion of feed in the rumen. Adding vegetable fats to ruminant
diets seems to be a suitable approach to decrease methane emissions, a relevant cleaner effect that
may contribute to alleviate the environmental impact of ruminant production.S
Effect of Granite Waste on Binary Cement Hydration and Paste Performance: Statistical Analysis
No full text[EN] The cement industry, aware of the environmental benefits of partially replacing clinker with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), has been including SCMs in its manufacturing process. This paper analyses the effect of one such material, granite waste, on the hydration and mechanical performance of new blended cements and discusses the results of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) conducted to ascertain the impact of the factors involved on mechanical strength. The findings showed no differences between the hydration phases present in these and standard cement pastes: the C-S-H gels formed had similar characteristics and mean chain lengths. The pastes bearing 20% granite waste nonetheless exhibited slightly lower mechanical performance, a more refined pore size, and a smaller amount of C-S-H gel than the conventional material. The statistical analysis revealed that the presence of waste and curing age had a significant effect. Interage group differences in mean mechanical performance were found to be more significant at later ages in the additioned than in the unadditioned pastes due primarily to the pozzolanic action of the waste.S
UAV archaeological reconstruction: The study case of Chamartin Hillfort (Avila, Spain)
Get PDF[EN] Photogrammetry from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is a common technique for 3D modelling in a low-cost way. This technique is becoming essential to analyse the cultural heritage, e.g. historical buildings, monuments and archaeological remains in order not only to preserve them, but for disseminate accurate graphic information. The study case of Chamartin hillfort (Ávila, Spain) provided us the opportunity to apply automation techniques to generate geomatic products with high metric quality. A novel photogrammetric software tool was used with the aim to achieve high resolution orthophoto and 3D models of complex sites. This tool allows a flexible way for heritage documentation, since it incorporates robust algorithms to cope with a wide range of studies cases and shooting configurationsS
3D modelling and accuracy assessment of granite quarry using unmmanned aerial vehicle
Get PDF[EN] The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are automated systems whose main characteristic is that can be remotely piloted. This property is especially interesting in those civil engineering works in which the accuracy of the model is not reachable by common aerial or satellite systems, there is a difficult accessibility to the infrastructure due to location and geometry aspects, and the economic resources are limited. This paper aims to show the research, development and application of a UAV that will generate georeferenced spatial information at low cost, high quality, and high availability. In particular, a 3D modelling and accuracy assessment of granite quarry using UAV is applied. With regard to the image-based modelling pipeline, an automatic approach supported by open source tools is performed. The process encloses the well-known image-based modelling steps: calibration, extraction and matching of features; relative and absolute orientation of images and point cloud and surface generation. Beside this, an assessment of the final model accuracy is carried out by means of terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), imaging total station (ITS) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in order to ensure its validity. This step follows a twofold approach: (i) firstly, using singular check points to provide a dimensional control of the model and (ii) secondly, analyzing the level of agreement between the realitybased 3D model obtained from UAV and the generated with TLS. The main goal is to establish and validate an image-based modelling workflow using UAV technology which can be applied in the surveying and monitoring of different quarriesS