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Some particular aspects of Juan Gil de Zamora's Historia naturalis regarding the thirteenth century encyclopedic model
Get PDF[ES] Por su probable fecha de redacción, entre los años 1275 y 1295, la hasta hace poco prácticamente
desconocida Historia naturalis de Juan Gil de Zamora parece ser la última de las
grandes compilaciones confeccionadas durante el siglo xiii, el período histórico de mayor
florecimiento del género enciclopédico medieval. No obstante, pese a que el trabajo de
Gil de Zamora presenta la mayoría de los rasgos característicos atribuidos al enciclopedismo
del siglo xiii, la compilación muestra también una serie de peculiaridades como lo
son el empleo de un orden alfabético, la incorporación de una considerable cantidad de
comentarios de carácter moralizador o una escasa difusión, que la distancian del modelo
predeterminado del momento, haciendo de ella un objeto de estudio francamente interesante,
cuyo análisis en mayor profundidad podría contribuir a un mejor conocimiento
del género.[EN] Due to its probable writing date between the years 1275 and 1295, the practically unknown
Historia naturalis by Juan Gil de Zamora appears to be the last of the great compilations created
during the 13th century, the historical period of the greatest flourishing of the medieval encyclopedic
genre. However, despite Gil de Zamora’s work presenting most of the characteristic features
attributed to the encyclopedism of the 13th century, the compilation also displays different
peculiarities (such as the use of alphabetical order, the incorporation of a considerable amount of
moralizing comments, or limited dissemination) that set it apart from the predetermined model of
the time, making it a genuinely interesting object of study whose further analysis could contribute
to a better understanding of the genre
The leaf economic spectrum drives leaf litter decomposition in Mediterranean forests
Get PDF[EN] Background and aims. Leaf litter decomposition is an important process controlling nutrient cycling in most terrestrial ecosystems. We evaluated the relationships among traits of green leaves and decomposition rates of leaf litter (k) at different environmental scales and organisational levels (species and community). We also assessed the relationships at community level between k and the Leaf Economic Spectrum (LES) and between k and different soil variables. Methods. We measured leaf traits in 38 woody species distributed in nine sampling sites along a topographic gradient in southern Spain. Leaf litter was collected for each species in each sampling site and incubated in a microcosm experiment with soil collected from the top 20 cm of each site. Results. We found positive relationships between k and specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N, K and P and negative relationships with leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf C isotopic composition (δ13C), both at species and community levels. Decomposability was positively related with the first PCA axis describing the LES and the relationships were consistent across all sites and within different zones or topographic positions. In addition, community weighted mean values of leaf traits (LESCWM) were stronger predictors of litter decomposition than soil variables. Conclusions. A major finding of the present study is the main role that leaf traits, and the covariation among them (LES), play on decomposition process in Mediterranean ecosystems both at the species and community levels. In summary, our results support the idea that the suites of leaf traits have a strong control on the pace of C cycling, being the best drivers of decomposition processes under similar climatic conditionsSIThis study was funded by the Spanish MEC Projects DIVERBOS (CGL2011-30285-C02-01 and C02-02) and ECO-MEDIT (CGL2014-53236-R
Impact of ChatGPT usage on nursing students education: A cross-sectional study
Get PDF[EN] Background
The use of artificial intelligence tools, such as ChatGPT, is on the rise in nursing education. In the field of healthcare, ChatGPT can offer unique opportunities to enhance the learning and clinical practice of nursing students. However, it is still necessary to explore how this tool affects students' performance and perception in their nursing education.
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of ChatGPT on nursing students' education and determine how it influences their learning outcomes.
Design
This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design.
Setting
The study was conducted in the Bachelor of Nursing program at the University of León, Spain.
Participants
Ninety-eight nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Care and Services Management course during the second semester of 2024 participated in the study.
Methods
Data were collected using three validated questionnaires that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of artificial intelligence, and perceptions of using ChatGPT as an educational tool. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 29.1.
Results
Students who used ChatGPT showed a significant improvement in their academic grades (p < 0.05). Additionally, 89.5 % of the students reported significant improvements in their academic performance. Women perceived ChatGPT as especially useful for completing academic tasks (85.14 % versus 50.00 % in men, p = 0.003). A positive correlation was observed between prior use of ChatGPT and GPA (ρ = 0.240, p = 0.026).
Conclusions
ChatGPT is a valuable tool that enhances the learning and satisfaction of nursing students. Its integration into nursing education programs not only boosts academic performance but also promotes the adoption of technological innovations in professional training. Continuous incorporation of AI tools in education is recommended to improve academic outcomes and prepare students for evolving healthcare environments.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL
Environmental impact of the diet of young Portuguese and its relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean Diet
Get PDF[EN] Objective: To estimate, in a cohort of young Portuguese adults, the environmental impact (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) of diet according to adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Methods: Data from 1554 participants of the Epidemiologic Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto (EPITeen) were analysed. Food intake and MD adherence were determined using validated questionnaires. The environmental impact was evaluated with the EAT-Lancet Commission tables, and the link between MD adherence and environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models. Results: Higher adherence (high vs. low) to the MD was associated with lower environmental impact in terms of land use (7.8 vs. 8.5 m2, p = 0.002), potential acidification (57.8 vs. 62.4 g SO2-eq, p = 0.001) and eutrophication (21.7 vs. 23.5 g PO4-eq, p < 0.001). Energy use decreased only in the calorie-adjusted model (9689.5 vs. 10,265.9 kJ, p < 0.001), and GHG emissions were reduced only in a complementary model where fish consumption was eliminated (3035.3 vs. 3281.2 g CO2-eq, p < 0.001). Meat products had the greatest environmental impact for all five environmental factors analysed: 35.7% in GHG emissions, 60.9% in energy use, 72.8% in land use, 70% in acidification and 61.8% in eutrophication. Conclusions: Higher adherence to the MD is associated with lower environmental impact, particularly in terms of acidification, eutrophication, and land use. Reducing meat consumption can contribute to greater environmental sustainabilitySIOpen access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). The EPITeen cohort study was supported by national funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. This study was supported through FEDER from the Operational Programme Factors of Competitiveness—COMPETE and through national funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science) within the project PTDC/DTP- EPI/6506/2014, and by the Epidemiology Research Unit—Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (UID/DTP/047507/2013
The evolution of dietary consumption in the spanish adult population and its relationship with environmental sustainability
Get PDF[EN] Background/Objective: The relationship between food consumption and environmental sustainability is becoming increasingly evident. The aim of this study was to estimate the evolution of the environmental impact of food consumption in the Spanish population, assessed in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Methods: Data collected from the Household Budget Survey were included, from approximately 24,000 households for the period of 2006–2023. The environmental impact of diet, in terms of GHG emissions, was estimated from the EAT-Lancet Commission tables, and the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) was calculated using the Dietary Score index. Results: The environmental impact of the Spanish diet, in terms of GHG, followed a downward trend over the years analysed, from 3978.1 g CO2-eq in 2006 to 3281.4 g CO2-eq in 2023, a decrease of 17.5%. The food groups with the largest decrease in consumption during this period were red meat (from 39.9 kg/year to 35.5 kg/year), fish (from 24.3 kg/year to 19.0 kg/year), and dairy products (from 113.4 kg/year to 99.7 kg/year). The level of adherence to the MedDiet increased slightly from 34 points in 2006 to 35 points in 2023 due to an increase in the amount of vegetables (42.7 kg/year vs. 44.3 kg/year) and grains consumed (53.1 kg/year vs. 72.6 kg/year) and a decrease in fish consumption (24.3 kg/year vs. 19.0 kg/year). Conclusions: In Spain, a reduction in GHG emissions associated with food consumption was observed due to a decrease in the consumption of red meat, fish, dairy products, and fats. National surveys are very useful tools to analyse the impact of food consumption on climate change and to assess the effect of the policies implemented to contain itSIThis research received no external fundin
Reflections about the resolution of the european parliament, of july 5, 2022, on mental health in the digital workplace
No full text[ES] Los riesgos inherentes a la salud mental de las personas trabajadoras han sido tradicionalmente los grandes olvidados en el ámbito de la prevención de riesgos laborales. Tan solo recientemente se ha comenzado a prestar la debida atención al particular, sobre todo a partir de los cambios profundos derivados de la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías digitales al ámbito laboral, capaces de hacer aflorar un sinfín de problemas de salud cada vez más frecuentes y visibles. En este contexto, el Parlamento Europeo ha emitido una reciente Resolución (objeto de análisis y comentario en el presente artículo) que, pese a su carácter no vinculante, supone una importante declaración de intenciones capaz de marcar un punto de inflexión, tanto a nivel interno como comunitario, en la tutela de la salud mental en el contexto productivo digital. Resta saber si los distintos sujetos destinatarios del mensaje recogerán el guante y operarán un cambio de perspectiva en el abordaje de estos riesgos profesionales.[EN] The risks inherent to the mental health of working people have traditionally been neglected in the field of risk prevention. Only recently has due attention begun to be paid to this particular issue based on the profound changes derived from the incorporation of new digital technologies into the workplace, capable of bringing to the surface a myriad of increasingly frequent and visible health problems. In this context, the European Parliament has issued a recent Resolution (object of analysis and commentary in this article) which, despite its non-binding nature, represents an important declaration of intent capable of marking a turning point, both internally as a european level, in the protection of mental health in the digital productive context. It remains to be seen whether the different recipients of the message will operate a change of perspective in dealing with these professional risks.S
Individual variation in predatory behavior, scavenging and seasonal prey availability as potential drivers of coexistence between wolves and bears
Get PDFThis article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology of Predation and Scavenging and the Interface[EN] Several large carnivore populations are recovering former ranges, and it is important to understand interspecific interactions between overlapping species. In Scandinavia, recent research has reported that brown bear presence influences gray wolf habitat selection and kill rates. Here, we characterized the temporal use of a common prey resource by sympatric wolves and bears and described individual and seasonal variation in their direct and/or indirect interactions. Most bear–wolf interactions were indirect, via bear scavenging of wolf kills. Bears used >50% of wolf kills, whereas we did not record any wolf visit at bear kills. Adult and subadult bears visited wolf kills, but female bears with cubs of the year, the most vulnerable age class to conspecifics and other predators, did not. Wolf and bear kill rates peaked in early summer, when both targeted neonate moose calves, which coincided with a reduction in bear scavenging rate. Some bears were highly predatory and some did not kill any calf. Individual and age-class variation (in bear predation and scavenging patterns) and seasonality (in bear scavenging patterns and main prey availability of both wolves and bears) could mediate coexistence of these apex predators. Similar processes likely occur in other ecosystems with varying carnivore assemblagesSIThe Scandinavian wolf and bear research projects (SKANDULV and SBBRP, respectively) have been funded by the Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Norwegian Research Council, Swedish Research Council Formas, Austrian Science Fund, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Office of Environmental Affairs in Hedmark County, Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management, WWF (Sweden), Swedish Carnivore Association, Olle and Signhild Engkvists Foundations, Carl Tryggers Foundation, and Marie-Claire Cronstedts Foundation. A.O. and C.M. received QR funding from Nottingham Trent Universit
Falls rate increase and foot dorsal flexion limitations are exhibited in patients who suffer from asthma: A novel case-control study
Get PDF[EN] Purpose: Based on the possible association between reduced foot dorsiflexion and high risk of falls, the main objective was to determine the ankle and 1º metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MTTP) dorsiflexion range of motion and falls rate in patients with asthma compared to healthy matched-paired controls. Methods: A case-control study was carried out. Eighty participants were recruited and divided into patients with asthma (case group; n=40) and matched-paired healthy participants (control group; n=40). Foot dorsal flexion range of motion (assessed by the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test [WBLT]) and falls rate (evaluated as falls number during the prior year) were considered as the primary outcomes. Indeed, ankle dorsiflexion was measured by a mobile app (º) and a tape measure (cm) as well as 1st MTTP dorsiflexion was determined by and universal goniometer (º). Results: Statistically significant differences (P.05). Conclusions: These study findings showed that a falls rate increase and bilateral foot dorsal flexion limitations of the ankle and 1st MTTP joints are exhibited in patients who suffer from asthmaS
A user-driven, reduced whole-stand growth model for major hybrid poplar clones in Spain
Get PDF[EN] Populus spp. clones and hybrids are commonly cultivated for timber production worldwide due to their fast growth and adaptability. In Spain, growth models are currently available for the Populus × euramericana clones ‘I-214' and ‘MC'. However, the input variables required for these models are not typically available to potential users. For the most widely used P. × interamericana clones ('Beaupre', ‘Raspalje' and ‘Unal') there is currently no growth model available in Spain or elsewhere in Europe. The aim of the present study was to develop a whole-stand growth model for these five clones. Data were obtained from a network of 134 plots and 265 trees scanned by Terrestrial Laser Scanning. The structure of the growth model was mediated by plot data typically available from forest owners: plantation age, number of trees of each clone and arithmetic mean tree diameter (dm). The main component of the growth model is a dm projection function, enabling dm to be projected at any time. Sensitivity analysis of the prediction accuracy of this function revealed that the proposed model provides satisfactory predictions for time intervals of between 5 and 10 years. The growth model was implemented in a web-based plot growth simulator, facilitating its use.S
Animal board invited review: An update on the methods for semen quality evaluation in swine – from farm to the lab
Get PDF[EN] Pig breeding is mainly conducted through artificial insemination with liquid-stored semen. It is, therefore, crucial to ensure that sperm quality is over the standard thresholds, as reduced sperm motility, morphology or plasma membrane integrity are associated with reduced farrowing rates and litter sizes. This work aims to summarise the methods utilised in farms and research laboratories to evaluate sperm quality in pigs. The conventional spermiogram consists in the assessment of sperm concentration, motility and morphology, which are the most estimated variables in farms. Yet, while the determination of these sperm parameters is enough for farms to prepare seminal doses, other tests, usually carried out in specialised laboratories, may be required when boar studs exhibit a decreased reproductive performance. These methods include the evaluation of functional sperm parameters, such as plasma membrane integrity and fluidity, intracellular levels of calcium and reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial activity, and acrosome integrity, using fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. Furthermore, sperm chromatin condensation and DNA integrity, despite not being routinely assessed, may also help determine the causes of reduced fertilising capacity. Sperm DNA integrity can be evaluated through direct (Comet, transferase deoxynucleotide nick end labelling (TUNEL) and its in situ nick variant) or indirect tests (Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay, Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test), whereas chromatin condensation can be determined with Chromomycin A3. Considering the high degree of chromatin packaging in pig sperm, which only have protamine 1, growing evidence suggests that complete decondensation of that chromatin is needed before DNA fragmentation through TUNEL or Comet can be examined.SIEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programmeMinistry of Science and Innovation, SpainCatalan Agency for Management of University and Research GrantsCatalan Institution for Research and Advanced StudiesUniversity of Giron