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Insights into the product quality and energy requirements for solid biofuel production: a comparison of hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis and torrefaction of olive tree pruning
Get PDFSupplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122022.[EN] For a bio-economy establishment, understanding the energy consumption needs to produce solid biofuels is a key point. Herein, olive tree pruning was treated by both dry (pyrolysis and torrefaction) and wet (hydrothermal carbonization) thermal treatments. Product yield, solid quality and energy consumption were assessed. The solids were characterized by means of chemical and thermogravimetric analysis. For all treatments, coal-like solid products were obtained, with higher heating values (HHV) of almost 30 MJ kg−1 in most of the conditions evaluated. Chars from pyrolysis presented the greater carbon content (between 76 and 85 wt%) but also the higher ash content (ranging from 6 to 9 wt%). From an energy consumption perspective, torrefaction registered the lowest energy consumption (between 5.85 and 20.76 MJ kg−1 char). The highest energy contents per kilogram of char produced were also reflected in torrefaction samples, with values around 11 MJ kg−1 char. Although the obtained HHVs were greater for pyrolysis chars the higher mass yields obtained in torrefaction makes it more profitable. The least severe conditions allowed to obtain a positive energy balance only with the solid phase considered. Nonetheless, further room for improvement is possible since the gas and liquid phases may also be valorisedSIJudith González would like to thank the Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación) fellowship, Orden EDU/1100/2017, co-financed by the European Social Fund.Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación
Artículo 389
No full text[ES] El CP 1944/73 regulaba, en los artículos 299 a 301 ubicados en el Libro II, Título III, relativo a las falsedades, Capítulo 111, bajo la rúbrica «De la falsificación de documentos de crédito, papel sellado, sellos de telégrafos y correos y demás efectos timbrados cuya expendición esté reservada al Estado», la conducta del actual art. 389 CP. El art. 389, párrafo primero, procede pues de los art. 299 y 300 CP 1944/73; el art. 389, párrafo segundo, tiene su antecesor en el art. 301 CP 1944/73. El CP 1995 regula en el art. 389 las conductas relativas a la falsificación, expendición, introducción, distribución y utilización de efectos timbrados, precepto ubicado sistemáticamente, en el Capítulo I «De la falsificación de moneda y efectos timbrados» del Título XVIII «De las falsedades» del Libro II CP. La redacción original de art. 389 CP 1995 estuvo en vigor hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2004, pues fue modificada por la reforma de la LO 15/2003, de 25 de noviembre. Esta reforma consistió en: 1º) fijar en 400 euros, en lugar de en 50.000 pesetas, el montante de los efectos timbrados distribuidos o utilizados para que la conducta sea constitutiva de delito; 2º) introducir, para el supuesto de utilización o distribución de los efectos timbrados, una pena alternativa de prisión o multa, mientras que en la redacción original se imponía, para el supuesto de distribución, la pena de arresto de fin de semana y, para el de utilización, la pena de multa. Un sector de la doctrina ha puesto de manifiesto que en el art. 389 CP se regulan una serie conductas cuyo parentesco morfológico con la falsificación de moneda raya en la identidad, variando sólo la gravedad de las penas. Otros autores se hacen eco de que, además de la cuantía de la pena, existe otra gran diferencia, y es la relativa al elenco de comportamientos típicos que, en el caso de la falsificación de efectos timbrados, se ve reducido. Lo cierto es que el parecido era mayor antes de la reforma operada por la ya citada LO 15/2003, reforma que ha afectado a ambos artículos pero que ha incluido nuevas conductas típicas en el art. 386 CP, lo que no ha tenido reflejo en el art. 389 CP. Como se acaba de mencionar la estructura del delito de falsificación de efectos timbrados es similar a la de los delitos relativos a la falsificación de moneda: así se castigan en el art. 389 CP las conductas de falsificar, introducir en España, expender y distribuir, a las que se añade (a diferencia de la falsificación de moneda) la de utilizar
Comparative morphology and morphometric assessment of the Neandertal occipital remains from the El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain: years 2000–2008)
Get PDF[EN] This paper analyses the occipital remains recovered from the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertal site between the years of 2000–2008. The sample is represented by three specimens, SD-1219, SD-1149, and SD-370a. Descriptive morphology, linear measurements, 3D geometric morphometrics, and virtual anthropological methods were employed to address the morphological, morphometric, and phylogenetic affinities of these fossils. The fossils display Neandertal autapomorphies (e.g., bilaterally protruding transverse occipital torus, suprainiac fossa). SD-1219 also preserves a strongly projecting juxtamastoid eminence and shows occipital bunning. In linear distances, the El Sidrón occipitals are similar to each other and close to the Neandertal mean. The centroid size of SD-1219 is slightly larger than the Neandertal average. All of the evidence taken together points to the hypothesis that SD-1219 belongs to a smaller Neandertal male. Linear measurements and the vault thickness of SD-1149 also suggest a robust male individual. The gracility of SD-370a points towards an immature individual. Virtual anthropological methods were used to reconstruct a 3D model of the SD-1219 occipital for geometric morphometrics, which reveals that SD-1219 shows relatively broad and low occipital plane proportions. Within the European Pleistocene lineage sample, this fossil falls geometrically closer to primitive rather than to derived morphologies because of its increased width, and a lower, anterior position of inion relative to the biasterionic axis. These results may imply that cranial sphericity could be an important feature of intraspecific Neandertal variability. Our findings open the way for further studies of intraspecific variation in Neandertal populations, in which the El Sidrón sample may play a significant roleSIThis work has been supported by the Principado de Asturias, Convenio Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC: 060501040023; Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovación of Spain: CGL-2006-02131. MB has been supported by EVAN (European Virtual Anthropology Network) MRTN-CT-2005-01956
Orthopaedic Simulation of a Morton’s Extension to Test the Effect on Plantar Pressures of Each Metatarsal Head in Patients without Deformity: A Pre-Post-Test Study
Get PDF[EN] Background: the area beneath the metatarsal heads is a common location of foot pain, which is often associated with high plantar pressures. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the application of a Morton’s extension on the pressure in the metatarsal bones of the foot using a pressure platform. Methods: twenty-five subjects without musculoskeletal pathology were selected for this study, and an experiment was conducted with them as the subjects, before and after application of a Morton’s extension. The foot regions were divided into the forefoot (transversely subdivided into six areas corresponding to the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal heads, and the hallux), midfoot, and rearfoot, and then the maximum and average pressures exerted at each region were measured before and after placing a Morton’s extension. Main findings: we found a pressure reduction, with a p-value less than (p < 0.05), in the head of the second and third metatarsals in statics and dynamics. Conclusions: we can conclude that the Morton’s extension produces a variation in plantar pressures on the lesser metatarsals. The application of a Morton’s extension may be beneficial for the management of forefoot pathology. This study will help clinicians consider various tools to treat forefoot disordersS
Slow velocity of the center of pressure and high heel pressures may increase the risk of Sever’s disease: a case-control study
Get PDF[EN] Background: This study determined if the body mass index, dynamic plantar-pressures, plantar surface contact-area, velocity of the centre of pressure (COP), gastrocnemius equinus, and gastrocnemius soleus equines are related to calcaneal apophysitis (Sever's disease) in athletic children. Methods: This case-control study examined 106 boys enrolled in a soccer academy, including 53 with Sever's disease and 53 age-matched healthy controls. The dynamic average and maximum peak plantar-pressures, plantar surface contact-area, and velocity of the COP were evaluated with a digital pressure sensor platform. Goniometry was used to measure the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and thereby identify gastrocnemius equinus and gastrocnemius soleus equinus. Results: Participants with Sever's condition had significantly higher BMI and peak plantar-pressures (maximum and average) at the heel (Cohen's d > 3 for pressures) than the controls. Those with Sever's disease also had significantly slower velocity of the COP (Cohen's d > 3). Boys with Sever's disease were also 8 times more likely to have bilateral gastrocnemius equinus than disease controls. Conclusions: High heel plantar pressure and low velocity of COP are related to Sever's condition in boys, although it is not clear whether these factors predispose individuals to the disease or are consequences of the disease. Gastrocnemius ankle equinus could be a predisposing factor for Sever's conditionS
Emotional intelligence and work engagement in teachers: Literature review
Get PDF[ES] La inteligencia emocional representa la capacidad para percibir, entender, regular y gestionar las emociones propias y las ajenas. Por su parte, el compromiso laboral hace referencia a un estado afectivo y motivacional caracterizado por la dedicación, la energía y la concentración a la hora de desempeñar el trabajo. Teniendo en cuenta que ambos factores son esenciales en la labor del profesorado, en este estudio se pretende examinar las publicaciones en las que se analiza la inteligencia emocional y el compromiso laboral en este colectivo para poder esclarecer la relación entre ambos constructos. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática en la que se incluyó un total de 14 artículos. Los resultados revelan que existe una relación positiva entre la inteligencia emocional y el compromiso. Además, se observa que diversos recursos laborales y personales pueden incrementar los efectos de la inteligencia emocional sobre el compromiso. Por último, se advierte que la inteligencia emocional atenúa los efectos negativos que ciertas demandas laborales pueden causar en el compromiso laboral. En definitiva, los resultados de esta revisión permiten concluir que es necesario implementar programas educativos en los que se promueva el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional y, así, se propicie el compromiso con la profesión docente en el profesorado.[EN] Emotional intelligence represents the ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and manage own emotions and those of others. For its part, work engagement refers to an affective and motivational state characterized by dedication, energy and absorption when performing work. Considering that both factors are essential teachers’ work, this study aims to examine the publications that analyse emotional intelligence and work engagement in these professionals to clarify the relationship between both constructs. Therefore, a systematic review was carried out, including a total of 14 articles. The results reveal that there is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and engagement. In addition, it is observed that some work and personal resources can increase the effects of emotional intelligence on engagement. Lastly, it is noted that emotional intelligence moderates the negative effects that certain work demands can produce on work engagement. Finally, the results of this review allow to conclude that it is necessary to implement educational programs to promote the development of emotional intelligence and, thus, promote engagement in teachers.S
Semantic Kansei Engineering Approach for Game Controllers and Design Improvement
Get PDF[EN] The entertainment industry undergoes constant changes, and video games, along with
the ways people enjoy them, evolve dynamically. In this context, there arises a need to innovate
in areas such as user–game interaction and the design of conventional controllers to keep up with
these transformations. This study has found that the design requirements of the external geometry
of video game controllers significantly impact users’ purchasing decisions, who often rely on their
sensations and emotions. The primary aim of this research has been to demonstrate that it is
possible to develop a specific methodology to establish design guidelines that evaluate geometry and
ergonomic aspects, considering users’ emotional needs. To achieve this goal, the Kansei methodology
has been employed, an engineering discipline that focuses on product design based on emotional
interaction and user sensations when using them. Through advanced statistical techniques such as
principal component analysis and linear regression, the set of observations has been reduced and a
robust predictive model has been developed. Following this methodological approach, surveys and
field studies have been conducted, thus differentiating the project from a conventional engineering
approach in various stages. Special attention has been paid to the tactile part of the controller,
especially its casing. After thorough analysis, the redesigned casing, incorporating improvements
derived from statistical analyses, has been compared to existing market models. The results obtained
show a significant improvement compared to existing market models, particularly highlighting
enhancements in functional characteristics and ergonomic design, enabling comfortable use for
individuals with different hand sizes and preventing the grip surface from being slippery. In
summary, this work supports the effectiveness of the Kansei methodology as an approach to adapting
product design to users’ perceptions and emotional needs.SIThis study was carried out through Research Project GR-21098 linked to the VI Regional Research and Innovation Plan of the Regional Government of Extremadura and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under project PID2020-115570GB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103
Horizonte 2030. Columbrando oportunidades ante las disrupciones. El rol de la educación superior
No full text[ES] El mundo está inmerso en una era de transformaciones rápidas, profundas
y disruptivas. A medida que avanzamos hacia el horizonte 2030-2050,
una serie de fuerzas globales —la aceleración tecnológica, el calentamiento
global, las tensiones geopolíticas, la globalización económica y las desigualdades
sociales— convergen para configurar un entorno de alta incertidumbre.
Los retos que enfrenta la humanidad en este contexto no son simplemente
problemas técnicos o económicos que puedan resolverse mediante soluciones
predefinidas. Por el contrario, nos enfrentamos a dilemas complejos, caracterizados
por su naturaleza ambigua y multidimensional, que requieren respuestas
innovadoras, éticamente responsables y colaborativa
Quo Vadis, INCIBE? Desafíos emergentes y algunas propuestas de acción para facilitar resiliencia y prosperidad compartida
No full text[ES] El INCIBE es un instituto nacional que tiene su sede en León, se trata de
una estrategia de descentralización después de una promesa electoral. ¿Cómo
nace el INCIBE? Permítanme que me refiera a ello desde mi perspectiva personal,
dada mi implicación en dicho acontecer.
Realmente el primer punto para comprender el advenimiento del INCIBE
es después de la huelga general de 1991 en León, una huelga que como decía
la portada del 16 de mayo de 1991 del Diario de León: “todos somos culpables”
(Ver Imagen 1). Entonces se creó una Mesa de Trabajo para formular desafíos
y propuestas, donde participó como representante del partido socialista
leonés su secretario provincial, D. José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, que como es
conocido fue el principal dinamizador de la existencia del INCIBE
Transición de la educación infantil a primaria: estrategias y formación inicial del profesorado para una continuidad educativa exitosa
No full text[ES] La transición de la Educación Infantil (EI) a la Educación Primaria (EP) constituye uno de los desafíos más significativos en la trayectoria educativa de los niños. Este periodo crítico impacta profundamente en el aprendizaje, así como en el éxito académico y social de los estudiantes
(Argos et al., 2019; Dockett & Perry, 2021; Purtell et al., 2020). En muchos casos, la primera transición que experimentan los niños no es directamente a la educación obligatoria, sino a la Educación Infantil, la
educación preescolar o al jardín de infancia, como lo ejemplifica el programa Head Start en Estados Unidos, que facilita la transición para niños y familias de bajos ingresos (Cook et al., 2021; Ehrlich et al., 2021). Sin embargo, en este estudio nos enfocamos en la transición hacia la Educación Primaria, una etapa que marca la entrada al sistema educativo obligatorio en varios países (González-Moreira et al., 2021)