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Maedi-Visna: the Meningoencephalitis in Naturally Occurring Cases
No full texthttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021997508001035?via%3Dihub[EN] Lesions were examined at different levels of the central nervous system (CNS) in 64 sheep with natural maedi-visna (MV) meningoencephalitis. All animals showed lesions in more than one of the CNS locations examined; the lesions in the cranial regions were periventricular, while those in the spinal cord affected the white matter funicles. Lesions were found particularly in the cerebellar peduncles (non-suppurative meningoencephalitis), followed by the corpus callosum, hippocampus and thoracic spinal cord. Vascular, infiltrative and malacic histopathological patterns were recognized. One pattern predominated in each section examined, although mixed forms occurred. Vascular lesions occurred with similar frequency at all CNS levels, but infiltrative and malacic lesions predominated at rostral and caudal levels, respectively. Cells consistent with macrophages and shown immunohistochemically to be associated with MV virus were seen in malacic and infiltrative lesions, at the periphery of damaged areasSIThis work was supported by grants LE028/A07 from Junta de Castilla y León and AGL2007-66874-C04-04 from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain). Thanks are due to G.Belver and J. Reyero for technical assistance and Dr D. Buxton for valuable comments. We are also grateful to Dr D. Gelmetti for the kind gift of the antibodies employe
Impact of inflation and interest rates on the profitability and risk of IBEX 35 companies in Spain during the period 2013-2023
Get PDF[ES] Este trabajo analiza el impacto de la inflación y los tipos de interés en la rentabilidad y el riesgo de las empresas del IBEX 35 en España para el periodo 2013-2023. Por medio de modelos econométricos con estructura de datos de panel, se examina cómo estas variables macroeconómicas afectan de forma diferenciada al sector financiero y no financiero. El marco teórico se fundamenta en las teorías sobre la transmisión de la política monetaria y la valoración de activos. Los datos empíricos revelan que, en el sector no financiero, la inflación se relaciona positivamente con la rentabilidad, lo que sugiere una capacidad de adaptación ante escenarios inflacionarios. En contraste, el sector financiero muestra mayor exposición a las tasas de interés, reflejando su dependencia del crédito y del entorno monetario. En términos de riesgo, se evidencia un aumento de la volatilidad en las empresas no financieras ante subidas de inflación, mientras que en las financieras el efecto es inverso. El estudio apoya parcialmente las hipótesis planteadas y ofrece evidencia empírica relevante para comprender cómo las condiciones macroeconómicas afectan la dinámica bursátil en España. Este análisis resulta útil para inversores, gestores y responsables de política monetari
Estimation of the actuarial equity factor based on demographic density functions
Get PDF[ES] En este trabajo de Fin de Máster (TFM) se analizará el cálculo de Factor de Equidad (FEA) como una herramienta que nos permite evaluar como de justo, contributivamente hablando, es un sistema de pensiones, en concreto el sistema español. Una vez hayamos contextualizado los diferentes modelos de pensiones y cómo funciona nuestro sistema nacional, desarrollaremos el modelo propuesto por el Instituto de Actuarios Español (IAE) y una formulación cerrada del FEA que prescinda de tablas biométricas, sustituyéndolas por funciones de supervivencia como Gompertz, Makeham, la exponencial pura o Weibull. El trabajo analizará así la precisión de estas formulaciones frente al modelo presentado por el IAE, destacando el buen ajuste obtenido por el modelo de Weibull evolutivo. Gracias a la simulación Monte Carlo, podremos evaluar la sensibilidad del FEA a las diferentes variables que conforman su cálculo y ver cuales tienen mayor influencia. Podremos concluir, que la modelización de expresión cerrada es válida como alternativa de cálculo al modelo del IAE y que el FEA presenta mayor dependencia de variables macroeconómicas que del comportamiento del individuo[EN] This Master's Thesis explores the calculation of the Actuarial Fairness Factor (AFF) as a tool for assessing the contributive fairness of pension systems, with a specific focus on the Spanish system. After providing a contextual overview of different pension models and the structure of Spain’s public system, the study develops both the open-form model proposed by the Spanish Institute of Actuaries (SIA) and a closed-form alternative that replaces traditional mortality tables with survival functions such as Gompertz, Makeham, pure exponential, and Weibull. The analysis compares the accuracy of these closed-form approaches against the IAE’s benchmark, highlighting the strong performance of the evolutionary Weibull model. Through Monte Carlo simulation, the thesis assesses the sensitivity of the FEA to key input variables, identifying those with the greatest impact. The results suggest that closed-form modeling is a valid alternative to traditional methods and that the FEA is more heavily influenced by macroeconomic assumptions than by individual worker behavio
La cuarta revolución industrial en las empresas: organización y personas
No full textSerie: LAS CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y FINANCIERAS ANTE UNA SOCIEDAD EN TRANSFORMACIÓN
Real Academia de Ciencias Económicas y Financiera
Contraste de las formas pronominales de tratamiento en español y chino. Aspectos socioculturales y pragmáticos y su didáctica en el aula de E/LE (China)
Get PDFMediante el presente artículo pretendemos contrastar las formas pronominales de tratamiento en español y en chino abordando aspectos socioculturales y pragmáticos concretos. Asimismo, deseamos que nuestras conclusiones supongan una contribución para el trabajo de aula de E/LE en China. Se revisan los trabajos previamente realizados relativos al tema para concretar su situación actual; se compila un corpus a partir de tres teleseries y se analiza el manual de español más utilizado en este país para descubrir los principales problemas existentes
Adaptive seasonal shifts in the thermal preferences of the lizard Iberolacerta galani (Squamata, Lacertidae)
Get PDF[EN] The León rock lizard, Iberolacerta galani, lives in isolated mountains of Spain. We studied the seasonal changes in the thermal biology of I. galani between spring and summer. We calculated precision, accuracy and effectiveness of thermoregulation and the habitat thermal quality for spring, and compared with the values of summer. In addition, we studied how the shift in the thermal preferences of lizards would contribute to achieve a higher effectiveness of thermoregulation. Thermal preferences of León rock lizards are among the lowest in lacertids, and are also very narrow, maintaining the narrowness among seasons. As for summer (27.90–29.70 °C, mean value =28.76 °C), the thermal preferences of I. galani are also low in spring (29.60–31.10 °C, mean value =30.38 °C), supporting the idea that this species is adapted to cold environments. The habitat thermal quality is lower in spring (10.99 °C) than in summer (9.36 °C), while the effectiveness of thermoregulation is higher in spring (0.92) than in summer (0.80). We found that the seasonal shift in thermal preferences contributes significantly to enhance the effectiveness of thermoregulation in both seasons, more in spring (0.45 °C) than in summer (0.16 °C). Because I. galani inhabits isolated mountains, where the activity period is reduced from April to October, we hypothesize that the observed adaptation of the thermal preferences, which enhance thermoregulation to a larger extent in spring, may evolved to maximize performance during the reproductive seasonSIThis work was supported by the research projects CGL2009-12926- C02-02 and CGL2012-39850-CO2-02 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovatio
The peak of thermoregulation effectiveness: thermal biology of the Pyrenean rock lizard, Iberolacerta bonnali (Squamata, Lacertidae)
Get PDF[EN] We studied, at 2200 m altitude, the thermal biology of the Pyrenean rock lizard, Iberolacerta bonnali, in the glacial cirque of Cotatuero (National Park of Ordesa, Huesca, Spain). The preferred thermal range (PTR) of I. bonnali indicates that it is a cold-adapted ectotherm with a narrow PTR (29.20–32.77 °C). However, its PTR (3.57 °C) is twice as wide as other Iberolacerta lizards, which may be explained by its broader historical distribution. The studied area is formed by a mosaic of microhabitats which offer different operative temperatures, so that lizards have, throughout their entire daily period of activity, the opportunity to choose the most thermally suitable substrates. I. bonnali achieves an effectiveness of thermoregulation of 0.95, which makes it the highest value found to date among the Lacertidae, and one of the highest among lizards. Their relatively wide distribution, their wider PTR, and their excellent ability of thermoregulation, would make I. bonnali lizards less vulnerable to climate change than other species of Iberolacerta. Thanks to its difficult access, the studied area is not visited by a large number of tourists, as are other areas of the National Park. Thus, it is a key area for the conservation of the Pyrenean rock lizard. By shuttling between suitable microhabitats, lizards achieve suitable body temperatures during all day. However, such thermally suitable microhabitats should vary in other traits than thermal quality, such as prey availability or predation risk. Hence, it seems that these not-thermal traits are not constraining habitat selection and thermoregulation in this population. Therefore, future research in this population may study the causes that would lead lizards to prioritize thermoregulation to such extent in this populationSIThis work was supported by the research project CGL2012-39850-CO2- 02 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER funds of E
Modalidad de escolarización del alumnado con discapacidad: diferencias por comunidades autónomas en España
No full text[ES] Modalidad de escolarización del alumnado con discapacidad, diferencias por comunidades autónomas en Españ
A novel TAp73‐inhibitory compound counteracts stemness features of glioblastoma stem cells
Get PDF[En] Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and fatal type of primary malignant brain tumor for which effective therapeutics are still lacking. GB stem cells, with tumor-initiating and self-renewal capacity, are mostly responsible for GB malignancy, representing a crucial target for therapies. The TP73 gene, which is highly expressed in GB, gives rise to the TAp73 isoform, a pleiotropic protein that regulates neural stem cell biology; however, its role in cancer has been highly controversial. We inactivated TP73 in human GB stem cells and revealed that TAp73 is required for their stemness potential, acting as a regulator of the transcriptional stemness signatures, highlighting TAp73 as a possible therapeutic target. As proof of concept, we identified a novel natural compound with TAp73-inhibitory capacity, which was highly effective against GB stem cells. The treatment reduced GB stem cell-invasion capacity and stem features, at least in part by TAp73 repression. Our data are consistent with a novel paradigm in which hijacking of p73-regulated neurodevelopmental programs, including neural stemness, might sustain tumor progression, pointing out TAp73 as a therapeutic strategy for GB.SIThis work was supported by Grants RTC-2015-3237-1 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’ (to MCM and Biomar Microbial Technologies), PID2019-105169RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (to MCM), and LE021P17 and LE022P20 from Junta de Castilla y Leon (cofinanced with FEDER funds). JV-F and LM-A were funded by Junta de Castilla y Leon. NM-G and AV-J are supported by predoctoral contracts from the Asociacion Espa nola contra el C ~ ancer (AECC) and Universidad de Leon, respectively. LM-H was a recipient of a postdoctoral contract from the Generalitat Valenciana