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Validation of the Writing Strategies Questionnaire in the Context of Primary Education: A Multidimensional Measurement Model
Get PDF[EN] Research has shown that writers seem to follow different writing strategies to juggle the
high cognitive demands of writing. The use of writing strategies seems to be an important
cognitive writing-related variable which has an influence on students’ writing behavior
during writing and, therefore, on the quality of their compositions. Several studies have
tried to assess students’ writing preferences toward the use of different writing strategies
in University or high-school students, while research in primary education is practically
non-existent. The present study, therefore, focused on the validation of the Spanish
Writing Strategies Questionnaire (WSQ-SP), aimed to measure upper-primary students’
preference for the use of different writing strategies, through a multidimensional model.
The sample comprised 651 Spanish upper-primary students. Questionnaire data was
explored by means of exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. Through
exploratory factor analysis four factors were identified, labeled thinking, planning, revising,
and monitoring, which represent different writing strategies. The confirmatory factor
analysis confirmed the adequacy of the four-factor model, with a sustainable model
composed of the four factors originally identified. Based on the analysis, the final
questionnaire was composed of 16 items. According to the results, the Spanish version
of the Writing Strategies Questionnaire (WSQ-SP) for upper-primary students has been
shown to be a valid and reliable instrument, which can be easily applied in the educational
context to explore upper-primary students’ writing strategies.S
Las estrategias de planificación para la mejora de la escritura en Educación Primaria
No full text[ES] Las estrategias de planificación para la mejora de la escritura en Educación Primaria
El glaciarismo en las cuencas altas de los ríos Esla y Porma
Get PDF[ES] Los altos valles del Esla y Porma, en la
vertiente meridional de la Cordillera Cantábrica,
en el noreste de la provincia de León, están
limitados al norte por la divisoria Cántabro-
Atlántica. Este territorio presenta un relieve
montañoso donde algunas zonas se elevan a
cotas superiores a los 1.800 metros, lo que ha
favorecido la existencia de un importante
glaciarismo cuaternario
La irrelevancia de la pedagogía española hoy: educar es un nuevo nicho de mercado
No full text[ES] El gobierno de España anunciaba que para evitar la segregación de la que hacen gala los centros concertados, se proponía financiarles con más dinero público para que excluyeran un poco menos al alumnado de clase social baja, migrantes, minorías y con necesidades educativas.S
Journey to Modernity: Trajectories of Leonese Noble Families Linked to the Bourbon Monarchy: The Castañón Guillamas and Rebolledo Quijada, 1700-1870
Get PDF[ES] Se analiza la trayectoria de la nobleza leonesa hacia roles de liderazgo en la administración borbónica. Las familias Castañón Guillamas y Rebolledo Quijada, a través de sus vínculos con la monarquía borbónica, lograron destacar social y políticamente durante el siglo XVIII y principios del XIX. Frente a la idea tradicional de que la burguesía fue el principal agente de modernización en España, se argumenta que sectores específicos de la nobleza, vinculados al gobierno borbónico, lideraron los cambios políticos y administrativos que marcaron el fin del Antiguo Régimen.[EN] The trajectory of the Leonese nobility towards leadership roles in the Bourbon administration is analyzed. The Castañón Guilla-mas and Rebolledo Quijada families, through their connections with the Bourbon monarchy, managed to stand out socially and politically during the 18th century and the early 19th century. Contrary to the traditional idea that the bourgeoisie was the main agent of modernization in Spain, it is argued that specific sectors of the nobility, linked to the Bourbon government, led the political and administrative changes that marked the end of the Ancien Régime.S
Do Enterprises That Publish Sustainability Reports Have a Better Developed Environmental Responsibility and Are They More Transparent?
Get PDF[EN] Enterprises increasingly publish sustainability reports to address concerns about their environmental and social impact. However, the voluntary nature of these reports and the lack of independent auditing often lead to skepticism regarding their authenticity, with some perceiving them as mere marketing or greenwashing tools. This study aims to investigate whether the publishing of sustainability reports truly reflects transparency and responsible behavior. The relationship between the publishing of sustainability reports, environmental responsibility policies, and transparency policies is analyzed. The research was conducted in Uruguay. A quantitative methodology was used. The sample was made up of a group of companies that evaluate their social and environmental responsibility practices. This is a non-probabilistic sample, which includes companies that publish sustainability reports and companies that do not publish them. The environmental responsibility and transparency of both groups were compared. Thirteen indicators were used to
measure environmental responsibility, and eight indicators were used to measure transparency. To evaluate the relationship between the variables, different statistical techniques were used: chi-square, difference of means test, and simple correlations. Our findings reveal that: (1) enterprises publishing sustainability reports tend to have more developed environmental responsibility policies and greater transparency compared to those that do not publish, and (2) interestingly, the choice of reporting
standards, particularly the Global Reporting Initiative, does not significantly impact the observed outcomes. Furthermore, the relationship among report publication, environmental responsibility, and transparency is influenced by enterprise size but remains unaffected by public trading status or capital origin (local or international). Despite its methodological limitations, this work contributes to the debate on the sincerity of companies that publish sustainability reports. Its results contribute
to reducing the skepticism and distrust that exists about these reports. Also, the work contributes to the study of the relationship between environmental responsibility and the publishing of reports because it included segments of companies that are not considered in most research: medium-sized companies and private companies that are not listed on the stock market.S
How Well Have Social Economy Financial Institutions Performed During the Crisis Period? Exploring Financial and Social Efficiency in Spanish Credit Unions
Get PDF[EN] As Social Economy financial institutions, credit unions have traditionally been considered less efficient than traditional banking entities. However, like banks and savings banks, they have to be as efficient and competitive as possible to survive in today's business environment, especially at times of crisis. To date, there have been very few studies on their efficiency and practically none for the crisis period. Moreover, almost all the existing studies assess only financial efficiency, without considering their social function. This study examines the levels of both financial and social efficiency in Spanish credit unions as well as their main determinants during the recent crisis. We apply the two-stage double bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology based on panel data corresponding to all the credit unions active in Spain between 2008 and 2013. The empirical results indicate that financial and social efficiency achieved an acceptable level, although on average the former was slightly greater than the latter. We also find that both age and merger and acquisition activity were positively influential on the financial efficiency of credit unions, but had a significant negative effect on their social efficiency. Moreover, the regional location of such entities and the financial crisis were also crucial determinants of both types of efficiency. Our findings are therefore useful for all the stakeholders of credit unions to know if these entities have been efficient according to a double bottom-line accounting in the crisis period and hence to maintain successful social management that is compatible with satisfactory financial efficiency.S
La persistente brecha de género en STEM: exploración crítica, retos y propuestas para una mayor equidad
No full text[ES] Este estudio aborda la representación de género en los campos STEM, destacando su relación directa con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030, especialmente en términos de educación inclusiva, igualdad de género y reducción de desigualdades. Dada la relevancia de STEM en la innovación y el progreso tecnológico, el trabajo analiza las publicaciones que contemplan la participación y representación femenina en estas áreas durante la última década (2013-2023). Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis bibliométrico consultando las bases de datos de Scopus y Web of Science. Se usó como procedimiento de selección de documentos el diagrama PRISMA con el objetivo de mapear la situación actual del tema. El análisis incluye la identificación de autores clave, instituciones líderes, revistas destacadas, temáticas relevantes y regiones geográficamente significativas en STEM. Se emplean técnicas de minería de datos para analizar redes de conceptos y temas. Los resultados proporcionan una visión detallada de los factores que afectan a la representación femenina en STEM, destacando patrones y tendencias en la literatura reciente. Estos hallazgos son esenciales para desarrollar políticas y programas educativos que promuevan la equidad de género en los campos STEM e impulsen el potencial científico y tecnológico de la sociedad
Evaluation of different functionalization methodologies for improving the removal of three target antibiotics from wastewater by a brewery waste activated carbon
Get PDF[EN] This work aims to increase the efficiency of an activated carbon produced from brewery waste (AC) in the removal of three target antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP), and ciprofloxacin (CIP)) by surface incorporation of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur groups. AC was produced using spent brewery grains (the most abundant waste from the brewing industry) as raw material, K2CO3 as activating agent and microwave energy for pyrolysis. Then, seven different functionalized AC were prepared, characterized for their physicochemical properties, and tested for adsorption (%) of SMX, TMP and CIP from three different matrices (ultrapure water (pH ~5–6), buffered ultrapure water (pH 8), and effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP effluent (pH 8)), under batch operation. Based on the obtained results, an oxygen functionalized AC was selected for further characterization and studies on the adsorption of the target antibiotics from the WWTP effluent. Kinetic results fitted the pseudo-second order model and the equilibrium isotherms were adequately described by the Langmuir model, reaching maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of 124 ± 1 μmol g−1, 315 ± 2 μmol g−1 and 201 ± 5 μmol g−1 for SMX, TMP and CIP, respectively. The selected functionalization increased qm by up to 58 % in comparison with the non-functionalized AC. The oxygen modified AC produced from a biomass waste remarkably improved its performance for an efficient application in the removal of antibiotics from wastewaterSIThis work was developed within the project SYNERGY (2022.02028.PTDC), supported by national funds (OE), through FCT/MCTES. The authors acknowledge financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. This work was also developed in the scope of the project CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020). Érika M.L. Sousa thanks her PhD grant (2020.05390.BD), supported by national funds and FSE through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). María V. Gil acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal grant RYC-2017-21937 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future
Ciberseguridad electoral y neutralidad tecnológica: garantizando elecciones confiables ante una sociedad digital
Get PDFIberICONnect, El Blog de la Revista Internacional de Derecho Constitucional en Español[ES] La tecnología frente a un procedimiento electoral puede tener una doble aproximación: de un lado, podemos verla como un riesgo o una amenaza a los sistemas democráticos; de otro lado, podemos verla como una aliada frente a sistemas autoritarios, dictatoriales. En la actualidad la tecnología es mayoritariamente percibida como un factor de amenaza o riesgo a los sistemas democráticos por cuanto se relaciona con técnicas como las deepfakes (la conocida suplantación con IA en 2017 de Obama), y deepvoices (los audios del candidato a la presidencia de Eslovaquia en 2023 Michal Šimečka, o los del Presidente norteamericano Biden en 2024), spear phishing (ataques de phishing personalizados y dirigidos contra una persona, como el hackeo a la cuenta de X del candidato a la presidencia dominicana Abinader en 2024, previamente en 2017 el hackeo a Macron: en la jornada de reflexión), dirigidas contra los candidatos, contra magistrados de Tribunales Electorales e incluso contra miembros del personal con accesos a información relevante (crítica) o a sistemas, de estas instituciones de justicia electoral o de los partidos políticos; también se relaciona con ataques contra las instituciones electorales o estatales, contra sus sistemas informáticos