25312 research outputs found
Sort by
Breaking barriers in STEAM education: Analyzing competence acquisition through project-based learning in a European context
Get PDF[EN] Project-Based Learning (PBL) is a widely applied methodology to foster professional competencies, especially
when integrated with STEAM education. This study assesses the impact of a STEAM PBL activity on higher
education students and academics, regarding competence acquisition (i.e., personal, professional, academic, and
social competences). Additionally, it explores how participants’ profiles and learning backgrounds shape their
perceptions of PBL benefits by analyzing their motivations, expectations, and attitudes toward the methodology.
Participants included higher education students and academics from six universities across five European
countries. Data was collected through questionnaires across four domains: expectations and motivation, selfperception,
competence acquisition, and satisfaction. Responses were analyzed using GLM to evaluate the influence
of gender and academic role, and program modality (national or international) on participants’ perceptions.
Results show that both students and academics perceived similar benefits from PBL, regardless of their
background or study modality. They reported high satisfaction and significant competency acquisition across all
areas, with no significant differences based on gender, academic role, or prior experience, which highlights PBL
as an inclusive methodology for diverse participants’ profiles. The primary motivation for participation was to
gain practical skills and engage in international collaboration, with minimal influence from external rewards.
The findings stress the effectiveness of the PBL approach in STEAM education for fostering key competencies in
higher education, promoting personal and professional growth, collaboration, and practical application of
STEAM disciplines. The inclusiveness and effectiveness of PBL for diverse profiles supports its broader implementation
in STEAM education to better prepare students for global challenges.SIThis study was Co-funded by the Erasmus+Programme of the European Union, Grant Agreement number: 101004049 — EURECA-PRO — EAC-A02–2019 / EAC-A02–2019–1 and by the Spanish Ministry of Universities, Real Decreto 1059/2021, de 30 de noviembre, por el que se regula la concesión directa de diversas subvenciones a las universidades participantes en el proyecto “Universidades Europeas” de la Comisión Europea
Ajuste y validación de un procedimiento operativo para evaluación clonal e inventario y cubicación de madera en pie en plantaciones comerciales de Populus x spp. basado en datos 3D tomados con escáner láser móvil manual
Get PDF[ES] Los inventarios forestales tradicionales se encuentran limitados por su precisión y cobertura. Las alternativas mediante escáner láser terrestre (TLS) mejoran la variedad de datos registrados. Sin embargo, es esencial evaluar el desempeño del escáner láser móvil manual (HLS), dada su versatilidad en grandes extensiones forestales. A través del desarrollo de un procedimiento operativo de toma de datos LiDAR mediante HLS analizando la intensidad de escaneo requerida y ajustando el procesado de las nubes tridimensionales, se validó su idoneidad para: (1) evaluar variables de árbol individual en ensayos clonales de chopo y (2) inventariar y cubicar madera en pie en plantaciones comerciales
en turno de Populus x spp. Se analizaron 448 chopos en León (España). Los datos obtenidos mediante HLS resultaron operativos para la evaluación de variables de árbol individual en ensayos clonales, con discrepancias (RMSE %) en la estimación del diámetro normal (DBH) y de la altura total (HT) menores
del 4 % y del 3 %, respectivamente, permitiendo generar un ranking entre 23 clones. La presencia o ausencia de follaje no influyó en las estimaciones. Se determinó la aptitud de la trayectoria de escaneo cada 5 filas para obtener diámetros a diferentes alturas, DBH y HT que permitieran la cubicación a nivel comercial en turno. La integridad y corrección en la detección de pies igualaron el 100 %. Los errores RMSE (RMSE %) en las variables medidas fueron: DBH: 1.71 cm (4.51 %), HT: 3.80 m (11.16 %)
con sesgo negativo y Volumen maderable cubicado: 0.17 m3 (13.00 %).S
Modal uses of the imperfect indicative in Spanish: a study of the conditional construction "si cantara/se, cantaba. A didactic proposal for Chinese learners of Spanish in an immersion context
No full text354 p.[ES] A lo largo de la tradición gramatical se ha abordado el estudio de la forma cantaba tanto en relación con la oposición indefinido-imperfecto como con su versatilidad para expresar diferentes modalidades (cortesía, hipótesis, distanciamiento, sorpresa, etc.).
Estos valores secundarios o modales del imperfecto de indicativo que se presentan habitualmente en registros coloquiales en intercambios orales no siempre son bien acogidos; de hecho, en ocasiones, ciertos usos se censuran o desaprueban. Entre ellos se encuentra la construcción condicional si imperfecto de subjuntivo + imperfecto de indicativo ―propia del lenguaje coloquial y vinculada a estratos sociolingüísticos bajos―, considerada no normativa. Esta investigación examina si estos valores de cantaba y, en concreto, esta construcción condicional, deben ser alejados del currículo de ELE o, por el contrario, incluirse a fin de conectar el aprendizaje en el aula con situaciones comunicativas reales que sería conveniente que alumnado en contexto de inmersión lingüística (re)conozca.
Para ello, en primer lugar, se realiza una revisión teórica del estado de la cuestión que analiza las teorías y perspectivas sobre la naturaleza del imperfecto de indicativo y su función en el sistema verbal español. A continuación, nos enfocamos de forma integral en la construcción condicional si cantara/se, cantaba con el repaso por las diferentes taxonomías, así como su relación con distintas modalidades (irrealidad, contrafactualidad, probabilidad, etc.), para, por último, explorar su relevancia en el discurso actual a través de un análisis cuantitativo con base en tres corpus (CORPES XXI, Corpus PRESEEA y Corpus Ameresco) que permite extraer patrones sobre su empleo y presentar una clasificación que refleje sus diversas interpretaciones.
Con el propósito de trasladar y aplicar estos hallazgos al ámbito de la enseñanza ELE/L2, se incluye un apartado sobre el escaso o incompleto tratamiento de los valores modales de cantaba en manuales y, por extensión, en el aula de lenguas extranjeras, al que sigue una propuesta didáctica que da cuenta de estos valores destinada a aprendientes de ELE sinohablantes universitarios de nivel intermedio-avanzado próximos a realizar una estancia en España. Para su diseño, se analiza la lengua del alumnado y se utiliza una metodología basada en el enfoque por tareas mediado por una pedagogía lúdica digital.
Esta investigación finaliza con las conclusiones generales del estudio, junto con las dificultades encontradas y posibles mejoras y líneas de investigación futuras.[EN] The study of the form cantaba has been approached both in relation to the Preterite-Imperfect opposition, and to its versality to express different modalities such as politeness, hypothesis, distancing, surprise… throughtout the Grammatical Tradition.
These modal values of the Imperfect which are usually presented in colloquial speech in oral exchanges are not always well received. In fact, sometimes certain uses are censured.
The conditional si Imperfect Indicative + Imperfect Subjuntive is considered nonnormative, and it is used in colloquial language and associated to lower sociolinguistic strata. This research examines whether these values of cantaba and, in particular, this conditional construction, should be removed from the Teaching of Spanish as a Foreign/Second Language (ELE/L2) curriculum or, on the contrary, included in order to display real communicative situations, so that students in a language inmersion context would learn and identify them.
To accomplish this purpose, first of all, a theoretical review of the state of art is carried out, where the theories and perspectives on the nature of the Imperfect Indicative and its function in the Spanish verbal system are analysed. Next, we focus comprehensively on the conditional construction si cantara/se, cantaba with a review of the different taxonomies, as well as its relation to different modalities (unreality, counterfactuality, probability, etc.). Finally, its relevance in current discourse is explored thorugh a quantitive analysis based on three corpora (CORPES XXI, Corpus PRESEEA and Corpus Ameresco). This allows us to extract patterns about its use, and present a classification reflecting its different interpretations.
Aiming to transfer and apply these findings to the field of ELE/L2 teaching, a section on the scarce or incomplete treatment of the modal values of cantaba in textbooks and, by extension, in the foreign language classroom, is included. Then, it is presented the didactic proposal that deals with these values aimed at Chinese university learners of Spanish at an intermediate-advanced level who are about to undertake a stay in Spain.
For its design, the student’s language is analysed and a methology based on Task-based Learning mediated by a digital ludic technology is used.
This research concludes by presenting the overall findings of the study, together with the difficulties encountered and possible improvements and lines of future research
Caracteres generales de la vegetación de la Montaña Cantábrica Occidental Leonesa
Get PDF[ES] En los primeros kilómetros que transcurren entre León y la localidad de Lorenzana, se puede observar
la acción del hombre sobre el paisaje, tanto desde el punto de vista urbanístico como agrícola; veremos un
paisaje que en principio debería corresponder con choperas, olmedas, fresnedas y saucedas y que ha ido
siendo modificado para la construcción de chalets y la creacción de cultivos hortícolas, por lo que
solamente vamos a observar retazos de la vegetación natural y seminatural, sobre todo en sus etapas
sucesionales, como las sebes o zarzales dominadas por agabanzos (Rosa sp.pl.) y zarzamoras (Rubus sp.pl.),
que generalmente se han conservado como lindes de las fincas y que suponen el primer estadio de la
sucesión de lo que en su día fueron bosques riparios donde los fresnos (Fraxinus angustifolia), olmos (Ulmus
minor), chopos (Populus nigra) y otras especies arbóreas prosperaban. En estas fincas rodeadas de sebes, por
necesidades de alimentar al ganado, se instauraron, con la ayuda del hombre, los prados de siega y
ramoneo con dominio de la cola de zorro (Cynosurus cristatus), que por exceso de pastoreo, sobre todo de
ganado lanar, se transformaron en majadales o pastos de diente, con el trébol subterráneo (Trifolium
subterraneum) como planta característica; también son frecuentes por la acción humana comunidades
nitrófilas dominadas por cardos (Carduus carpetanus) o herbazales con dominio del amor del hortelano
(Galium aparine) y la cicuta (Conium maculatum)
Anthropometric profile of female basketball players: The influence of competitive level and playing position
Get PDF[EN] This study aimed to analyse the anthropometric characteristics of female basketball players, focusing on competitive level and specific playing position. The sample included 62 female basketball players from teams across all senior women’s basketball leagues in Spain, (1st to 4th division). Different anthropometric measurements were evaluated to evaluate body composition and somatotype. Significant differences emerged between competitive levels, with higher-level players showing more favourable results in some measures. Furthermore, a distinctive profile was identified based on playing position: centers were generally taller, heavier and had higher percentages of body fat and muscle mass compared to forwards and guards. This study provides valuable information on the physical attributes of female basketball players across competitive levels, improving knowledge of the demands of current women’s basketball.S
From tameness to wariness: chemical recognition of snake predators by lizards in a Mediterranean island
Get PDF[EN] Antipredatory defenses are maintained when benefit exceeds cost. A weak predation pressure may lead insular lizards to tameness. Podarcis lilfordi exhibits a high degree of insular tameness, which may explain its extinction from the main island of Menorca when humans introduced predators. There are three species of lizards in Menorca: the native P. lilfordi, only on the surrounding islets, and two introduced lizards in the main island, Scelarcis perspicillata and Podarcis siculus. In addition, there are three species of snakes, all introduced: one non-saurophagous (Natrix maura), one potentially non-saurophagous (Rhinechis scalaris) and one saurophagous (Macroprotodon mauritanicus). We studied the reaction to snake chemical cues in five populations: (1) P. lilfordi of Colom, (2) P. lilfordi of Aire, (3) P. lilfordi of Binicodrell, (4) S. perspicillata, and (5) P. siculus, ordered by increasing level of predation pressure. The three snakes are present in the main island, while only R. scalaris is present in Colom islet, Aire and Binicodrell being snake-free islets. We aimed to assess the relationship between predation pressure and the degree of insular tameness regarding scent recognition. We hypothesized that P. lilfordi should show the highest degree of tameness, S. perspicillata should show intermediate responses, and P. siculus should show the highest wariness. Results are clear: neither P. lilfordi nor S. perspicillata recognize any of the snakes, while P. siculus recognizes the scent of M. mauritanicus and reacts to it with typical well-defined antipredatory behaviours as tail waving and slow motion. These results rise questions about the loss of chemical recognition of predators during island tameness and its related costs and benefits for lizards of insular habitats. In addition, this highlights the necessity for strong conservation measures to avoid the introduction of alien predatorsSIFinancial support was provided to ZO and AM by predoctoral grants of the University of Salamanca (FPI program). This work was also supported by the research project CGL2012- 39850-CO2-02 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovatio
Autonomous Community debt: instruments and challenges for the financial sustainability of Autonomous Regions
Get PDFMonográfico. Desafíos ante la reforma de la financiación autonómica[ES]
El endeudamiento autonómico en España plantea desafíos complejos para la sostenibilidad financiera y la cohesión territorial, especialmente si se atiende a las diferencias que presentan Comunidades como Cataluña, con demandas de condonación de la deuda estatal, y Castilla y León, cuya estructura de deuda refleja una realidad financiera distinta. Este trabajo explora cómo los mecanismos de financiación, tanto ordinarios como extraordinarios, han permitido a las comunidades autónomas enfrentar periodos de crisis, aunque a costa de una creciente dependencia financiera. A través del análisis del Fondo de Liquidez Autonómico (FLA) y otros instrumentos, se examinan las posibilidades y limitaciones de una reestructuración que respete las particularidades de cada comunidad. El estudio aboga por un modelo de financiación que equilibre el derecho a la autonomía con la responsabilidad fiscal, evitando concesiones políticas que beneficien a una Comunidad sobre otra. La situación de Cataluña y Castilla y León pone de relieve la necesidad de un sistema equitativo que atienda las diferentes estructuras de deuda y que asegure la viabilidad de todas las comunidades autónomas en un marco de cohesión y equidad.[EN] Autonomous debt in Spain poses complex challenges for financial sustainability and territorial cohesion, especially when considering the differences among regions such as Catalonia, which has called for forgiveness of state debt, and Castilla y León, whose debt structure reflects a distinct financial reality. This paper explores how financing mechanisms, both ordinary and extraordinary, have enabled Autonomous Communities to weather periods of crisis, albeit at the cost of increased financial dependency. Through an analysis of the Regional Liquidity Fund (FLA) and other instruments, this study examines the possibilities and limitations of a restructuring process that respects the particularities of each region. The research advocates for a financing model that balances the right to autonomy with fiscal responsibility, avoiding political concessions that favor one region over another. The situations in Catalonia and Castilla y León underscore the need for an equitable system that addresses the diverse debt structures across regions and ensures the viability of all Autonomous Communities within a framework of cohesion and fairness.S
Digital competence, use, actions and time dedicated to digital devices: repercussions on the interpersonal relationships of Spanish adolescents
Get PDF[EN] Digital media play a fundamental role in the social, emotional, and cognitive development of adolescents, since they involve a very significant use and investment of time at this age. The objectives of this work are twofold: analyze the use of the Internet and digital devices by Spanish young people outside school, and the time they use them and their attitude towards the use of digital devices, as well as to identify the effects of the use of internet and digital devices on social and interpersonal relationships. The sample is composed of 35,943 students of Compulsory Secondary Education, from different Spanish high schools that participated in the PISA 2018 Report. The data provided by this study confirm the widespread consumption of digital devices. Identified as actions that they carry out every day were: the use of online chat, use of social networks to contact their friends, and surfing the internet for fun. Regarding the attitude towards digital devices, the participants say they feel comfortable using digital devices and discovering new applications or games. However, we also found as one of the most relevant results of this study the fact that participants say they feel bad if they do not have internet connection.S
Enhanced solar driven photocatalytic removal of antibiotics from aquaculture effluents by TiO2/carbon quantum dot composites
Get PDF[EN] Aquaculture exploitation is associated with the consumption of antibiotics, such as sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP), the latter two being also vastly used to treat bacterial infections in humans. Consequently, and given that aquaculture wastewater treatments are not actually designed for the removal of antibiotics, they are ubiquitous in aquaculture effluents, which sets the risk of bacterial resistance. To face the need for an efficient and sustainable treatment to remove these antibiotics from the referred effluents, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were produced, incorporated into titanium dioxide (TiO2), and evaluated for solar driven photodegradation of SDZ, SMX and TMP. Eleven different materials were synthesized and tested for their photocatalytic activity in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and synthetic sea salts (SSS), used as synthetic matrices to simulate fresh and brackish water, respectively. Upon selection of the most efficient photocatalyst for each antibiotic and matrix, kinetic results demonstrated that its use allowed for remarkable reductions of SDZ, SMX and TMP half-life times (t1/2) in both matrices (between 19 and 68 times). Therefore, the application of the here synthesized photocatalysts for the advanced treatment of aquaculture effluents is promising, allowing for a green solar driven removal of antibioticsSIThis work was funded by FEDER through CENTRO 2020 and by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) within the research project PTDC/ASP-PES/29021/2017. Valentina Silva thank support by FCT PhD grant (2022.10472.BD). Diana Lima acknowledges funding from FCT under the Scientific Employment Stimulus (2022.00570.CEECIND). We acknowledge financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 +UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), through national fund
La experiencia española con los planes de transición energética justa impulsados por el gobierno nacional
Get PDF[EN] Just energy transitions are one of the main goals in political agendas worldwide, as
governments assume the responsibility to lead the process in the presence of global
public goods and social asymmetries. This paper suggests studying the Spanish
case, in which the national Government leads through specific organisms, laws,
and tools. The main tool to accomplish the public intervention aimed at mobilising
local resources and motivating investments is the Agreement of Just Transition or
CTJ. Notwithstanding, CTJs present limitations that this paper classifies into three
categories: concept and design, diagnosis, and participative processes. There is a
prevalent emphasis on quantifying job risks and labour income, prioritising socioeconomic
consequences over the environmental devastation caused by abandoned
facilities, neglecting the indirect job losses, and frequently evaluating impacts
belatedly. Job quality analysis is also absent in this framework. Additional limitations
arise from incorporating gender considerations, barrier criteria, territorial
boundaries, and analytical tools like SWOT analysis. The final discussion suggests
corrections and warns against similar weaknesses in other potential contexts[ES] Las transiciones energéticas justas son uno de los principales objetivos en las agendas
políticas a nivel mundial, a medida que los gobiernos asumen la responsabilidad de liderar
el proceso en presencia de bienes públicos globales y asimetrías sociales. Este trabajo sugiere
estudiar el caso español, en el que el Gobierno nacional lidera a través de organismos
específicos, leyes y herramientas específicas. La principal herramienta para llevar a cabo
la intervención pública destinada a movilizar recursos locales y motivar inversiones es el
Acuerdo de Transición Justa o CTJ. Sin embargo, los CTJ presentan limitaciones que este
trabajo clasifica en tres categorías: concepto y diseño, diagnóstico y procesos participativos.
Existe un énfasis predominante en cuantificar los empleos y las rentas del trabajo, lo que
prioriza las consecuencias socioeconómicas sobre la devastación ambiental causada por las
instalaciones abandonadas, descuida las pérdidas de empleo indirectas y evalúa con frecuencia
los impactos tardíamente. El análisis de la calidad del empleo también está ausente
en este marco. Se derivan limitaciones adicionales de la incorporación de consideraciones de género, criterios de barrera, límites territoriales y herramientas analíticas como el análisis
DAFO. La discusión final sugiere correcciones y previene debilidades similares en otros
contextos potencialesS