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El derecho especial de asistencia religiosa y los derechos singulares a conmemorar y cumplir con prescripciones alimentarias en los acuerdos de 1992
Get PDF[ES] Los Acuerdos de 1992 contienen numerosas normas que apenas aportan
elementos distintivos a lo dispuesto en el Derecho estatal elaborado al
margen de la cooperación con las confesiones. Frente a dichas normas,
algunas otras consiguen implementar un Derecho especial o un Derecho
singular de libertad religiosa que debería constituir el 'alma' de los Acuerdos.
A lo largo de las siguientes páginas se verifica un pormenorizado análisis
de las normas reguladoras de Derecho especial de asistencia religiosa y
los derechos singulares a conmemorar festividades, realizar descansos y
cumplir con prescripciones alimentarias.[EN] The cooperation agreements between the Spanish goverment and religious
denominations signed in 1992 are plenty of rules that scarcely
contribute to the development of the unilateral Law. In spite of this fact,
some other rules were in a position to implement a special kind of law
that was useful to justify and to explain the presence of this cooperation.
Along this work, I' ve tried to study carefully the legal rights of every person
to receive religious assistance and to worship or celebrate religious
holidays in accordance with his religious beliefs.S
Recapitulative Discourse Markers in English, Spanish, and Spanish Translated from English
Get PDF[EN] This paper unveils the similarities and differences between original English and Spanish recapitulative discourse markers (DMs), in fiction (F) and non-fiction (NF), and between translated and non-translated Spanish. It also aims to show that combining parallel and monolingual corpora can produce more focused results when tracking trends across language boundaries. Original English and Spanish data show how recapitulative DMs are distributed in both languages. Then, DMs with a low mutual correspondence (MC) value are selected for further analysis. English triggers to be compared with original Spanish data are identified in the English originals via the Spanish translations. Also, translated and non-translated Spanish are compared to identify translation trends. Results indicate that recapitulation is signalled by DMs more frequently in Spanish than in English. DMs in Spanish translation most frequently derive from well, anyway, you know/see, in short, I mean and after all. Additionally, many DMs in the translations do not have a trigger in English. Translated and non-translated Spanish results show the following trends, according to register: a) normalization in F (en fin, en síntesis) and counter-normalization in NF (en síntesis, en definitiva), b) deflation in F (en fin, en definitiva, total, a fin de cuentas) and in NF (en fin, en definitiva), c) dilation in NF (definitivamente, en resumidas cuentas, en síntesis), and d) equalization in F (definitivamente, en resumidas cuentas, en síntesis) and in NF (a fin de cuentas). The results may help to enhance contextual learning in generative language technology, leading to improved crosslinguistic performance.SIResearch for this paper has been partly funded by The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Spanish Agency for Research (MCIN/AEI), grant PID2020-114064RB-I00 10.13039/501100011033, and the Universidad de León GIR 432
Reseña de: Cristina Somolinos Molinos, coord., «Narrar la grieta. Isaac Rosa y los imaginarios emancipadores en la España actual», Madrid-Frankfurt, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 293 pp.
No full text[ES] Cristina Somolinos ha realizado
una notable labor como coordinadora de
un volumen que ya resulta esencial para
la profundización en la obra de Isaac Rosa.
En primer lugar, porque sus artículos
abordan la totalidad de la bibliografía del
escritor, y no exclusivamente sus obras
extensas y sus relatos, aspectos más trabajados
por la crítica. En segundo lugar,
porque compila las propuestas de algunos
de los mejores conocedores de la obra
de Rosa, que abordan su obra no sólo desde
la óptica de lo literario, sino también
de lo político y lo social. La calidad y la
brillantez de las reflexiones contenidas en
estas páginas convierten este libro en indispensable
para el estudio académico de
Isaac Rosa, a la par de legitimar al escritor
como una de las figuras centrales de la narrativa
española contemporánea
El Ecogótico como catalizador de la emergencia climática: el impacto de la monstruosidad
No full text[EN] The present issue means an opportunity to discuss the application of Ecogothic as a theoretical approach to literary and filmic texts. This public demand responds to a growing tendency to expand the studies on ecocriticism towards new f ields of research. It is also clear evidence of the human preoccupation about the future of the planet Earth in a world in permanent crisis: politically, ideologically, economically and foremost environmentally. Climate emergency has stopped being a threat and has become a reality with irreversible consequences.S
The issue of icio in light os jurisprudence
Get PDF[ES] El Impuesto sobre Construcciones, Instalaciones y Obras es un impuesto indirecto regulado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2004 que grava la capacidad económica manifestada al realizar cualquier construcción, instalación u obra que exija la obtención de una licencia de obras. El TRLRHL dedica únicamente cuatro artículos al ICIO -100 al 103- en los que regula de forma muy breve y sin entrar en excesivos detalles los elementos esenciales de este impuesto. Esta situación trae como consecuencia la existencia de diversas opiniones doctrinales y de un sinfín de cuestiones que generan inseguridad jurídica a los obligados tributarios. Por ello, estos recurren constantemente a los tribunales para encontrar soluciones a aquellos problemas originados por la parquedad de la regulación del impuesto, lo cual supone que acabe siendo la jurisprudencia la que realice una tarea propia del legislador.[EN] The Tax on Constructions, Installations, and Works is an indirect tax regulated by Royal Legislative Decree 2/2004, which levies the economic capacity manifested when carrying out any construction, installation, or work that requires obtaining a building permit. The TRLRHL dedicates only four articles to the ICIO—Articles 100 to 103—regulating its essential elements in a very brief manner and without going into excessive detail. As a result, various doctrinal opinions have emerged, along with numerous issues that create legal uncertainty for taxpayers. For this reason, taxpayers frequently resort to the courts to find solutions to the problems arising from the tax's sparse regulation, ultimately leading to case law performing a role that should be the responsibility of the legislator
Does early antipredator training increase the suitability of captive red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) for releasing?
Get PDF[EN] This study aimed to evaluate the postrelease survival and spatial distribution of farmbred red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) that were subject to a prerelease training program based on exemplary behavior and alarm calls given by adults that acted as experienced demonstrators in simulated predator encounters (wooden raptor models and humans). Two groups of partridges were released in this study: trained (intensively reared birds accompanied by tutors) and control (chicks reared without tutors). Releases were conducted in the fall and winter-spring during 2 consecutive years using a total of 44 trained and 40 control radio-tagged partridges. Trained partridges showed statistically higher mean values of survival (72.7 d), home range (13.04 ha), and dispersion (549.58 m) compared with nontrained partridges, with most nontrained birds failing to survive more than 2 wk after release. Trained adult partridges showed the best survival results (105.2 d). Taking all birds into account, causes of death were attributed to terrestrial predators (45%), raptors (18.7%), hunting (11.3%), and unknown causes (25%). Although values of variables reported here were lower than those reported in wild counterparts, survival time and spatial behavior of trained birds were close to that of previous data of parent-reared partridges and higher than that of farm-bred birds. This study aimed to confirm the potential of prerelease training techniques in present-day rearing systems. Farm-bred game birds, which normally suffer from high predation rates after release, could highly benefit from the use of cost-effective training techniques based on learning from experienced adultsSIThis study is part of the second author’s PhD thesis, financially supported by the University of León (Spain). We are grateful to F. Buner, J. Ewald and N. Aebischer, who helped to improve this manuscript. Special thanks are extended to Gerardo, Luis Miguel, and Victor Molleda for their assistance on the game farm. We also thank the Pajares de los Oteros’ Hunting Society (León, Spain) for their permission and support throughout the field work. Courtnee L. Henry and Donal Savage provided linguistic revision on early drafts. This work was funded partially by the Junta de Castilla y León (Spain), the Excelentísima Diputación de León (Spain), and Caja España (Spain
Multiserotype Protection Elicited by a Combinatorial Prime-Boost Vaccination Strategy against Bluetongue Virus
Get PDF[EN]Bluetongue virus (BTV) belongs to the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. The development of vector-based vaccines expressing conserved protective antigens results in increased immune activation and could reduce the number of multiserotype vaccinations required, therefore providing a cost-effective product. Recent recombinant DNA technology has allowed the development of novel strategies to develop marker and safe vaccines against BTV. We have now engineered naked DNAs and recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) expressing VP2, VP7 and NS1 proteins from BTV-4. IFNAR (-/-) mice inoculated with DNA/rMVA-VP2,-VP7-NS1 in an heterologous prime boost vaccination strategy generated significant levels of antibodies specific of VP2, VP7, and NS1, including those with neutralizing activity against BTV-4. In addition, vaccination stimulated specific CD8 + T cell responses against these three BTV proteins. Importantly, the vaccine combination expressing NS1, VP2 and VP7 proteins of BTV-4, elicited sterile protection against a lethal dose of homologous BTV-4 infection. Remarkably, the vaccine induced cross-protection against lethal doses of heterologous BTV-8 and BTV-1 suggesting that the DNA/rMVA-VP2,-VP7,-NS1 marker vaccine is a promising multiserotype vaccine against BTV.SIThis work was supported by grants AGL2008-00646/GAN and AGL2011-23506/GAN from the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT), 228394-NADIR-Integrating Activities 7th European Union program, and the European Union Network of Excellence EPIZONE (Contract No FOOD-CT-2006-016236)
Italia: [crónica legislativa]
No full text[ES] En los últimos veinte años, a pesar de que no prosperase ninguna de las iniciativas parlamentarias que pretendieron dar naturaleza jurídica a los matrimonios de hecho, ciento sesenta ayuntamientos italianos han aprobado la creación de registros civiles de tales uniones; este dos mil catorce, además, ha conocido las primeras sentencias que admiten la transcripción de matrimonios del mismo sexo celebrados en el extranjero o la adopción por la conviviente del hijo de su compañera; la Corte Costituzionale ha apercibido al legislador acerca de la perentoria necesidad de regular la situación de los matrimonios de hecho al menos para atender a situaciones excepcionales. En el mes de octubre de 2014, para evitar que sigan multiplicándose las inscripciones en el Registro del Estado Civil de matrimonios del mismo sexo celebrados en el extranjero -en ocasiones acompañadas de ceremonias que han obtenido notable eco social, como las realizadas ante el Ayuntamiento de Roma-, el Ministerio del Interior ha publicado una circular anulando y prohibiendo las mismas.S
Metagenomic assessment of the potential microbial nitrogen pathways in the rhizosphere of a Mediterranean forest after a wildfire
Get PDF[EN]Wildfires are frequent in the forests of the Mediterranean Basin and have greatly influenced this ecosystem. Changes to the physical and chemical properties of the soil, due to fire and post-fire conditions, result in alterations of both the bacterial communities and the nitrogen cycle. We explored the effects of a holm oak forest wildfire on the rhizospheric bacterial communities involved in the nitrogen cycle. Metagenomic data of the genes involved in the nitrogen cycle showed that both the undisturbed and burned rhizospheres had a conservative nitrogen cycle with a larger number of sequences related to the nitrogen incorporation pathways and a lower number for nitrogen output. However, the burned rhizosphere showed a statistically significant increase in the number of sequences for nitrogen incorporation (allantoin utilization and nitrogen fixation) and a significantly lower number of sequences for denitrification and dissimilatory nitrite reductase subsystems, possibly in order to compensate for nitrogen loss from the soil after burning. The genetic potential for nitrogen incorporation into the ecosystem was assessed through the diversity of the nitrogenase reductase enzyme, which is encoded by the nifH gene. We found that nifH gene diversity and richness were lower in burned than in undisturbed rhizospheric soils. The structure of the bacterial communities involved in the nitrogen cycle showed a statistically significant increase of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla after the wildfire. Both approaches showed the important role of gram-positive bacteria in the ecosystem after a wildfire.SIThis work was funded by the following grants: P08-CVI-03549 from the Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa of the Junta de Andalucía, OAPN 021/2007 and OAPN 748/2012 from the Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales (Ministry of the Environment), including ERDF (European Regional Development Fund). JFCD was awarded a predoctoral fellowship from the Junta de Andalucia, and AJFG was awarded a predoctoral fellowship (FPU) from the Spanish Ministry of Education
A Comprehensive Journey throughout the Development of Post-Quantum Cryptography
Get PDF[EN] This work aims at giving a comprehensive overview
of the Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) paradigm: from its
foundation and importance to its current status of development.
We will survey the cryptographic families behind this type of
cryptography, and their degree of maturity. Since its development
is closely tied to NIST’s standardization process currently
in place, we will revise it, from its origins in 2016 all the way into
2024, when the first PQC standards ever are set to be published.
Lastly, we will review the practical aspects to consider when
migrating to this new type of cryptography. We deem this work
a necessary introduction to the world of the new cryptography
that is set to be the foundations of the security for our day-to-day
activities in the coming years.Partially supported by the PQReact project,under grant agreement Nº10111954