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Marriage Celebrated Abroad and Family Visa: Reflections on Madrid High Court of Justice Ruling no. 631/2025, of 30 May
Full text link[ES] El presente comentario analiza la Sentencia nº 631/2025, de 30 de mayo, dictada por la Sección Primera de la Sala de lo Contencioso- Administrativo del TSJ de Madrid, que anula la denegación de un visado de familiar de ciudadano de la Unión basada en que el matrimonio, válidamente celebrado en el extranjero, no estaba inscrito en el Registro Civil español. El fallo es relevante porque reafirma el carácter declarativo, esto es no constitutivo, de la inscripción matrimonial, corrigiendo una práctica restrictiva que obstaculizaba los derechos derivados de la Directiva 2004/38/CE. Asimismo, exige motivación sustantiva y proporcional en cualquier limitación de derechos, y recuerda que la lucha contra el fraude debe hacerse mediante examen individualizado, sin automatismos. En coherencia con la jurisprudencia del TJUE (Surinder Singh, Akrich, Metock, Grzelczyk), el Juez Europeo insiste en la primacía del Derecho de la Unión, en la interpretación conforme de la normativa interna de estado civil y en la protección de la vida familiar como límite a formalismos
que vacían el efecto útil de la libre circulación.[EN] This note examines Madrid High Court (TSJ) Judgment No. 631/2025 (30 May), which sets aside the refusal of an EU-family visa grounded on the absence of Spanish civil-registry entry for a marriage validly celebrated abroad. The ruling is significant as it reaffirms the declaratory, non-constitutive, nature of registration, correcting a restrictive practice that hindered rights derived from Directive 2004/38/EC. It further requires substantive, proportionate reasoning for any limitation of rights and stresses that anti-fraud controls must be individualised, not automatic. Consistent with CJEU case-law (Surinder Singh, Akrich, Metock, Grzelczyk), the court underscores the primacy of EU law, conforming interpretation of domestic civil-status rules, and the protection of family life against formalities that undermine the effet utile of free movement.Trabajo realizado en el marco de las Residencias de verano en Grupos de Investigación ULE–SANTANDER 2025. El autor ha estado adscrito al Grupo de Investigación Consolidado “Derecho Europeo, Historia Jurídica y Organizaciones sociales: EUROHIST.org”
Expectations and motivations in the choice of university studies from a gender perspective
Full text link[ES] La elección de una titulación universitaria es una de las primeras decisiones importantes que realizan los jóvenes. Hombres ymujeres toman esta decisión basándose en distintas motivaciones y expectativas. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo inicial validar la estructura multidimensional de una escala de evaluación delos motivos que influyen en la elección de estudios. Posteriormente, se analizó la relación entre las motivaciones académico-profesionales, la elección de estudios y el sexo del estudiante. Se aplicó la prueba Motivations Influencing Course Choice questionnaire (MICC) a un total de 538 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados permitieron validar la estructura multidimensional de la escala. Se observó, igualmente, una asociación entre las estudiantes de sexo femenino, la elección de estudios socioeducativos, jurídicos o sanitarios y las expectativas relacionadas con la dimensión de ayuda. En el caso de los varones, más presentes en las ingenierías o carreras científicas, el vínculo con los motivadores extrínsecos fue menos sólido. Se considera que siguen presentes en la sociedad estereotipos de género que vinculan distintas profesiones a hombres y mujeres de forma diferente y estos siguen afectando a las expectativas y motivaciones de los estudiantes, especialmente las mujeres. Se proponen medidas para adoptar desde la orientación académica.[EN] Choosing a university degree is one of the first important decisions that young people make. Men and women make this decision based on different motivations and expectations. The present study initially aimed to validate the multidimensional structure of a scale to assess the motives that influence the choice of studies. Subsequently, the relationship between academic-professional motivations, study choice and student gender was analyzed. The Motivations Influencing Course Choice Questionnaire (MICC) test was applied to a total of 538 university students. The results allowed validating the multidimensional structure of the scale. An association was also observed between female students, the choice of socio-educational, legal or health studies and expectations related to the helping dimension. In the case of male students, who were more likely to choose engineering or science, the link with extrinsic motivators was less strong. Gender stereotypes that link different professions to men and women in different ways are still considered to be present in society and these continue to affect the expectations and motivations of students, especially female students. Measures are proposed to be adopted from the academic guidance.S
Parámetros corporales, peso y estatura de los individuos adultos de la colección osteológica del convento medieval dominico de San Pablo (Burgos, Spain)
Full text linkE-ISBN: 978-84-88642-06-6. Trabajos en homenaje a la arqueóloga Gema E. Adán Álvarez[EN] The Dominican Convent of San Pablo in Burgos provides key insights into the study of the
health and disease of humans between the 13th and 18th centuries. The individuals buried there
are concentrated in three areas, with two of them showing clear chronological differences: the
cloister from the 14th to the 16th century and the church from the 17th to the 18th century.
These two areas are used in this study to determine if there are differences in the quality of life
during these two periods through two bioanthropological parameters, height and weight. The
study reveals that there are no differences among women in both chronologies, but there are
differences in the heights of men, which may imply the detection of male vulnerability in this
population[ES] El Convento dominico de San Pablo de Burgos proporciona claves para el estudio de la salud
y la enfermedad de los humanos de entre los siglos XIII y XVIII. Las personas allí enterradas se
concentran en tres áreas teniendo dos de ellas cronologías diferenciales claras, el claustro entre
el siglo XIV y el XVI y la iglesia desde el siglo XVII al XVIII. Estas dos zonas son las que se utilizan en
este estudio para comprobar si existen diferencias en la calidad de vida en estas dos épocas a
través de dos parámetros bioantropológicos, como son la estatura y el peso. En este estudio se
ve que no existen cambios entre las mujeres de ambas cronologías, pero si que existen diferencias
en las estaturas de los varones, lo que puede implicar la presencia de vulnerabilidad masculina
en esta poblaciónSIThis research has been partially funded by the grant: PID2021-122355NB-C31, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, A way to make Europ
Assessment of the load-velocity profile in the free-weight prone bench pull exercise through different velocity variables and regression models
Full text link[EN] This aims of this study were (I) to determine the velocity variable and regression model which best fit the load-velocity relationship during the free-weight prone bench pull exercise, (II) to compare the reliability of the velocity attained at each percentage of the one-repetition maximum(1RM)betweendifferent velocity variables and regression models, and (III) to compare the within- and between-subject variability of the velocity attained at each %1RM. Eighteen men(14rowers and four weightlifters) performed an incremental test during the free-weight prone bench pull exercise in two different sessions. General and individual load-velocity relationships were modelled through three velocity variables (mean velocity [MV], mean propulsive velocity [MPV] and peak velocity [PV]) and two regression models (linear and second-order polynomial). The main findings revealed that (I) the general (Pearson’s correlation coefficient [r] range = 0.964–0.973) and individual (median r = 0.986 for MV, 0.989 for MPV, and 0.984 for PV) load-velocity relationships were highly linear, (II) the reliability of the velocity attained at each %1RMdidnotmeaningfully differ between the velocity variables (coefficient of variation [CV] range = 2.55–7.61% for MV, 2.84–7.72% for MPV and3.50–6.03% for PV) neither between the regression models (CV range = 2.55–7.72% and 2.73–5.25% for the linear and polynomial regressions, respectively), and (III) the within-subject variability of the velocity attained at each %1RM waslower than the between-subject variability for the light-moderate loads. No meaningful differences between the within- and between-subject CVs were observed for the MV of the 1RMtrial (6.02% vs. 6.60%; CV lower for PV (6.36% vs. 7.56%; CV ratio ratio =1.10), while the within-subject CV was =1.19). These results suggest that the individual loadMVrelationship should be determined with a linear regression model to obtain the most accurate prescription of the relative load during the free-weight prone bench pull exercise.S
Fraud detection in e-commerce: a comparative analysis of features to enhance machine learning models
Full text linkOpen access funding provided by FEDER European Funds and the Junta de Castilla y León under the Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3) of Castilla y León 2021-2027[EN] In recent years, e-commerce has experienced growth in sales, brands and customers. Unfortunately, cybercriminals have taken advantage of this by creating fraudulent websites to scam customers. The large amount of new e-commerce websites outnumbers the manual reporting capabilities, exposing users to these attacks. In this work, we used machine learning techniques to identify possible fraudulent online stores. To achieve this, we created ELFW-2031 (E-commerce Legitimate Fraudulent Websites), an updated dataset of manually verified legitimate and fraudulent e-commerce websites and a comprehensive set of resources for researchers to compare their methods. We released this dataset for public use to overcome the lack of a comprehensive corpus of this type of websites. We also designed a novel set of 50 features using six different resources obtained from the website content and external services. We used these new features to train and test two models: (i) a model with all available resources focused on improving accuracy and (ii) a model focused on scalability independent of external services. The proposed models achieve F1 scores of 96.88% and 96.53% respectively using XGBoost. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the proposed features, showing that novel features from social media and the technology analysis were the most valuable ones.SIThis work has been funded by the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan, financed by the European Union (Next Generation), thanks to the LUCIA project (Fight against Cybercrime by applying Artificial Intelligence) granted by INCIBE to the University of León
Utilización de residuos agroindustriales para la producción de enzimas por Bacillus subtilis E 44
Full text link[EN] Wheat bran, sugar cane bagasse, rice husk and corn stubble were evaluated as substrates for the production of endocellulases, endoxylanases and mannanase by Bacillus subtilis E44 during solid state fermentation (SSF). The SSF was carried out in 250 mL flasks with 1g of substrates, enriched with minimal salts medium, and incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. The extraction of the enzymatic crude was carried out by the addition of 0.02 mol L-1 sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 (1:10 w/v) in a shaker at 110 rpm for 30 min. Enzyme production was evaluated by measuring enzyme activities in the crude. Based on results, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse and corn stubble can be used to produce endocellulase, endoxylanase and mannanase, while rice husk cannot be used to obtain endocellulase. Endoxylanase production was superior to the rest of the enzymes and the best inducer was wheat bran (25.08 IU.mL-1), followed by sugarcane bagasse (9.32 IU.mL-1). Rice husk and corn stubble showed values of 6.92 IU.mL-1 and 6.95 IU.mL-1, respectively. Results demonstrated the potential of wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse and corn stubble to produce endocellulase, endoxylanase and mannanase. Rice husk is not a good inducer to obtain endocellulase.SISe agradece al departamento de Producción Animal, de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de León, en España, y a la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID), por el soporte financiero para la realización de estos estudios. Se expresa también gratitud a los colegas de la Estación Experimental de la Caña de Azúcar (EPICA), en Matanzas, Cuba, por su apoyo para la recolección del material, así como al Departamento de Bioestadística Aplicada del Instituto de Ciencia Animal (ICA) por la ayuda en el procesamiento de los datos
La reclamación de la figura de la bruja/curandera como icono poshumanista en la frontera entre México/EE. UU.
No full text[ES] A pesar de que se ha comenzado a resignificar el arquetipo imperante de ‘bruja’ como mujer maléfica y demoníaca desde una mirada ecofeminista que recupera su asociación con un poder sanador y regenerativo en sus comunidades como herboristas, curanderas, parteras, sanadoras, y en su labor de mediación entre lo humano y lo más que humano, poco se ha escrito sin embargo desde un enfoque tanto ecofeminista como ecocrítico que examine el papel de estas ‘brujas’ como armonizadoras ante injusticias sociales, medioambientales y destrucción ecológica
Characterization of Lactococcus strains isolated from artisanal Oaxaca cheese
Full text link[EN] Lactococci strains obtained from raw-milk Oaxaca cheese through its production process in two factories from the Tulancingo Valley, Mexico, were isolated and characterized. A total of 120 colonies were selected from the growth in M17 and MRS agars. Twenty were identified as lactococci strains, all Lactococcus lactis, and were characterized by molecular and phenotypic methods including carbohydrate use, enzymatic profile, acidifying capacity, and antibiotic and phage resistance. High phenotypic diversity was observed and confirmed among the Lactococcus lactis strains by rep-PCR fingerprints. Fifty percent of the strains were resistant to streptomycin and 35% to erythromycin. Nine isolates were considered as fast acidifying strains. The predominant volatile compounds produced were 3-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanal and butane-2,3-dione. A selection of strains isolated in this study has shown satisfactory characteristics to be used as potential starters for the industrial production of Oaxaca cheeseSILucía Fuentes thanks the Secretaría de Educación Pública, México, for the fellowship granted. The authors thank Mr. Julio Armando Claro for his technical assistanc
A Multifunctional Conceptual Framework for Ecological Disturbance Assessment
Full text link[EN] Through a multi-dimensional approach, this research explores the response of semi-arid watersheds to ecological disturbances caused by human activities. To accomplish this objective, we selected a pilot area situated in the Ardabil Province
(Iran), and a total of 29 different driving forces (D1-D29) were identified. Subsequently, two statistical tests, the chi-square
test and Spearman correlation, were applied to screen the optimal driving forces. The optimal driving forces weighting
was conducted using both equal and CRITIC methods. Four multifunctional disturbance indices—MDIL (land use), MDID
(demography), MDIP (pollution), and MDIH (hydrology)—were calculated. The overall disturbance index (ODIA, G),
derived from arithmetic and geometric means across 27 sub-watersheds, indicated that both screening methods similarly
identified the optimal driving forces. Characterization for MDIL involved irrigated, dry farming, agricultural and residential areas, rangeland territories, residential and agricultural areas, using a 600 m buffer. For MDID, density of population
and density of workers in agriculture were considered, while specific sediment yield and density of mining operations were
crucial for MDIP. Finally, slope played a significant role in MDIH characterization. The mean multifunctional disturbance
indices (0.24–0.52) were obtained almost similarly by all integration methods. The higher values of ODIA and ODIG were
also estimated according to Spearman correlation-based rather than Chi-Square-based. The spatial mapping also revealed
that central and western sub-watersheds were more under disturbances stress.S
Acquisition of network traffic at electrical substation demonstrator
Full text link[ES] En este artículo se presenta una metodología orientada a la adquisición de conjuntos de datos de tráfico de red, tanto normal como anómalo, en sistemas de automatización y control de subestaciones eléctricas digitales. El enfoque se centra en los protocolos comúnmente utilizados en estas plataformas --IEC61850 GOOSE y SV, PTP, IEC60870-5-104 y SNTP-- y se desarrolla en un entorno controlado con dispositivos representativos, como un controlador de bahía, relés de protección, sistema SCADA, etc. Sobre esta infraestructura se ejecuta un conjunto de experiencias planificadas que reproducen el funcionamiento normal de una subestación y se introducen ataques específicos para analizar su impacto. Finalmente, los datos recopilados se analizan mediante la extracción y selección de características y se organizan en flujos de datos útiles para el posterior entrenamiento de modelos.[EN] This article presents a methodology oriented to the acquisition of network traffic data sets, both normal and anomalous, in digital electrical substation automation and control systems. The approach focuses on the protocols commonly used in these platforms–IEC61850 GOOSE, MMS and SV, PTP, IEC60870-5-104 and SNTP–and is developed in a controlled environment with representative devices, such as a bay controller, protection relays, SCADA system, etc. A set of planned experiments that reproduce the normal operation of a substation are run on this infrastructure and specific attacks are introduced to analyze their impact. Finally, the collected data is analyzed by feature extraction and selection and organized into data streams useful for subsequent model training.SIEste trabajo ha sido realizado dentro del Proyecto Estratégico del Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad, S.A. (INCIBE) ” Investigación en Ciberseguridad Industrial en los Sistemas de Automatización y Control de las Subestaciones de Tracción”, perteneciente a la convocatoria de Proyectos Estratégicos INCIBE (2020-2023) y financiado por la Unión Europea NextGeneration – EU, en el Plan de Recuperación,Transformación y Resiliencia, a través de INCIBE