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Measurement and modelling of kinetic energy and erosivity of rainfall and throughfall in a tropical semiarid region
Full text link[EN] Empirical relationships have been widely used to estimate kinetic energy of rainfall (KE) and its erosivity potential (EI30) due to scarcity of direct and continuous measurements. Two disdrometers were installed − one in an open field and another under the canopy − in a fragment of Tropical Dry Forest (TDF) in a semiarid region, Northeast of Brazil, to quantify the role of the canopy on attenuating rain kinetic energy and erosivity potential, for all events and at the seasonal scale. The data was also used to test available KE and EI30 models, as well as to recalibrate the models for the study area. Data were collected from December/2019 to July/2021, totaling 95 events. Rainfall (R) was higher than throughfall (TF) due to canopy interception, but rainfall duration and the total number of drops were higher under the canopy. The TDF canopy reduces rainfall kinetic energy by 30% and its erosivity potential by 39%, with higher KE and EI30 attenuation being observed during the high leaf density stage, which highlights the major seasonal role of this vegetation in protecting the soil surface from the impact of raindrops and, consequently, against erosion. The relationship between KE and mean intensity of R and TF is best expressed as a function of time (J m−2 h−1), by a linear model (r2 > 0.98 – p-value = 0.000). The Wischmeier and Smith-WS model for KE and EI30 was recalibrated for the semiarid region, underestimating KE of open field rainfall by 2% and overestimated TF KE by 1%, against underestimations of 24% and 20% of the original model for R and TF, respectively. The results presented here contribute to understanding the role of dry forests in attenuating the erosivity potential of the rainfall in semiarid environments, as well as to improving the capacity on predicting rainfall and throughfall erosivity under such conditions.SIThe authors acknowledge the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil (CAPES) and the Ceará State Foundation for Support to Scientific and Technological Development (FUNCAP) for their financial support for this research. We also thank the Foundation of Meteorology and Water Resources of Ceará - FUNCEME, for providing the disdrometers and technical assistance
Working with parallel corpora. Usefulness and usability
No full text[EN] This volume assesses the state of the art of parallel corpus research as a whole, reporting on advances in both recent developments of parallel corpora – with some particular references to comparable corpora as well– and in ways of exploiting them for a variety of purposes. The first part of the book is devoted to new roles that parallel corpora can and should assume in translation studies and in contrastive linguistics, to the usefulness and usability of parallel corpora, and to advances in parallel corpus alignment, annotation and retrieval. There follows an up-to-date presentation of a number of parallel corpus projects currently being carried out in Europe, some of them multimodal, with certain chapters illustrating case studies developed on the basis of the corpora at hand. In most of these chapters, attention is paid to specific technical issues of corpus building. The third part of the book reflects on specific applications and on the creation of bilingual resources from parallel corpora. This volume will be welcomed by scholars, postgraduate and PhD students in the fields of contrastive linguistics, translation studies, lexicography, language teaching and learning, machine translation, and natural language processing
Benchmarking deep learning models for surface defect detection: a reproducible and statistically-rigorous approach
Full text linkOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature[EN] Automated surface defect detection has been a key research topic for many years, with deep learning-based object detection being one of the most widely used approaches. However, comparing the results of different models remains a challenge due to the use of varying dataset partitions and the stochastic nature of training, which can introduce variability in outcomes. This study highlights that improvements in performance metrics, such as average precision (AP50), do not always reflect a model’s true effectiveness, as other factors may influence these results. To address this challenge, a robust methodology is proposed, specifically designed for small datasets, which utilizes analysis of variance and Tukey’s test to ensure statistical significance. This methodology provides a reliable and reproducible framework for comparing results across models. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using the latest object detection models and the Northeastern University surface defect dataset, revealing that recent advancements do not always lead to statistically significant improvements. The source code has been made publicly available to promote reproducibility.SIAsturian Science, Business Competitiveness and Innovation Agency (SEKUENS) under Project SEK-25-GRU-GIC-24-003 and FUO-319-24
Digital technologies and occupational risk prevention. Concerning the European Agency Guide 2023‐2027
No full text[ES] Al menos desde principios de los 2000, el legislador europeo ha promovido iniciativas destinadas a introducir de manera segura en la actividad productiva nuevas tecnologías digitales como la IA, la digitalización y la robótica. La aspiración de la Unión Europea es liderar la era digital, abarcando la digitalización de empresas, programas de competencias digitales para ciudadanos, desarrollo de una IA segura y el fortalecimiento del mercado único digital. Estas iniciativas también abordan las implicaciones de las nuevas tecnologías en las relaciones laborales, promoviendo una normativa que proteja a los empleados y asegure condiciones laborales dignas. Cabe destacar, dentro de esta inquietud en el ordenamiento social, la elaboración de instrumentos normativos en prevención de riesgos laborales, como la Directiva marco 89/391/CEE y otras disposiciones relacionadas con la protección de los empleados. El estudio revisa las disposiciones que afectan la salud de aquellos que utilizan tecnologías digitales en su trabajo, ya sea en plataformas digitales, trabajando a distancia o dependiendo de la IA y sistemas inteligentes para la supervisión de la salud y seguridad.[EN] At least since the early 2000s, the European legislator has promoted initiatives aimed at safely introducing new digital technologies such as AI, digitisation and robotics into productive activity. The European Union's aspiration is to lead the digital age, encompassing the digitisation of businesses, digital skills programmes for citizens, the development of secure AI and the strengthening of the digital single market. These initiatives also address the implications of new technologies on labour relations, promoting regulations that protect employees and ensure decent working conditions. Within this concern in the social order, it is worth highlighting the development of regulatory instruments on occupational risk prevention, such as the Framework Directive 89/391/EEC and other provisions related to the protection of employees. The study reviews the provisions affecting the health of those who use digital technologies in their work, whether on digital platforms, working remotely or relying on AI and intelligent systems for health and safety monitoring.S
Introducción a la investigación con métodos mixtos
No full text[ES] Este capítulo de libro forma parte de la obra "Métodos y diseños de investigación en contextos socioeducativos" coordinada por Quintanal Díaz y Sánchez Huete
Perfiles formativos y empleabilidad de las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad o exclusión social
No full text[ES] Las instituciones y organismos que participan en la lucha para la inclusión total de
la población han partido siempre de la idea de que el empleo es una de las mejoras estrategias
para incrementar la inclusión de las personas y, por lo tanto, han diseñado sus políticas de inclusión
en torno a la formación para el empleo. Sin embargo, la realidad no siempre es así. Además
de las posibles reflexiones sobre la capacidad del trabajo, por sí mismo, para reducir los niveles
de exclusión, la formación para el empleo estandarizada no parece la mejor herramienta. En este
trabajo se describen algunos resultados de una encuesta realizada a 1125 personas en situación
de vulnerabilidad o exclusión que ponen de manifiesto la brecha formativa existente en esta
población respecto a la población general. Los datos también indican la necesidad de que las
intervenciones socioeducativas realizadas se adapten a la situación y las necesidades concretas
de cada persona para conseguir los objetivos para los que fueron diseñadas.[EN] Institutions and agencies involved in the fight for the full inclusion of the population
have always started from the idea that employment is one of the best strategies to increase people’s
inclusion and have therefore designed their inclusion policies around training for employment.
However, this is not always the case. Apart from possible reflections on the capacity of work
itself to reduce levels of exclusion, uniform job training does not seem to be the best tool. This
paper describes some results of a survey of 1125 people in vulnerable or excluded situations that
highlight the training gap that exists in this population with respect to the general population. The
data also indicate the need for socio-educational interventions to be adapted to the specific situation
and needs of each person in order to achieve the objectives for which they were designed
A corpus-based study of aspect: still and already + verb phrase constructions into Spanish
Full text link[EN] This paper explores still and already + verb phrase constructions, their semantics, and the resources Spanish uses to convey their meanings. The aim is to explore how the grammars of the two languages, English and Spanish, encode aspectual transitions. The contrastive procedure is based on the parallel corpus P-ACTRES, and combines qualitative and quantitative corpus analysis: the English→Spanish equivalences are qualitatively identified, and their relevance is assessed quantitatively. The similarities and differences are analyzed and used as a basis to formulate some empirically-grounded (although necessarily partial) considerations on cross-linguistic lexis-grammar relations. The results also raise questions about contrast and grammaticalization across the languages.SIResearch for this article, undertaken as part of the ACTRES program, has been partly funded by the Regional Government of Castile and León [LE227U13]. The acronym stands for Análisis contrastivo y traducción English-Spanish “Contrastive analysis and translation English-Spanish”
Caracterización de edutubers en España
No full text[ES] En este capítulo que forma parte del libro "Transformando la educación: una formación docente en TIC para un aprendizaje inclusivo y emocional" se presenta una revisión de la literatura científica orientada a analizar los estudios realizados en España donde se estudia a las personas que actúan como edutubers
Universal Basic Income & Common Good: Lessons From the Covid19 Pandemia
Full text link[EN] The global COVID19 pandemic has caused at least three interrelated crises. The first, a socio-health crisis with millions of infected people and deaths around the world. Only in Spain, official statistics refer to over 100,000 deaths due to the pandemic. Incidence that varies significantly according to the social stratum of people, affecting more seriously the most vulnerable social sectors, the subaltern social classes and the immigrant population. A second crisis, the economic one, which has put on the table the falsehoods and mirages of the neoliberal capitalist discourse, by crudely showing, on the one hand, the limitations of the privatization of central pillars of the social welfare state; and on the other hand, the limitations of the strategy of precariousness of the labor market and the degradation of essential jobs for society such as those related to the care of people, education, health, but also those related to the supply and distribution of products and goods. And a third crisis, related to the periods of paralysis of the productive process and therefore of the circulatory process of capital, which pose a potential systemic risk for the survival of capitalism itself. In any case, the different facets and dimensions of the crisis generated by COVID19 have forced us to rethink how we should organize the distribution of wealth and employment, the social utility of jobs, and the organization and goals of education.
It is in the crises of capitalism where it is possible to see the real operation of the logics that sustain it, and it is in the capitalist crises where it is possible to glimpse potentially antagonistic proposals -such as the Universal Basic Income-. Thus, it is in the crises of the old dominant social order, where it is possible to glimpse the cracks and spaces for the generation of antagonistic and emancipatory alternatives to capitalism.S
The Holy Crusade to Educate the Poor. A Political critique of Socio-educational Programs Against Poverty
Full text link[EN] This paper undertakes a critical analysis of the various hegemonic educational discourses applied to schemes for a minimum income and the social effects that they cause in the field of education and training for groups at social risk. Through consideration of these discourses, it will be determined what role education plays within them, highlighting the principles of employability and the Theory of Human Capital underlying training in minimum income schemes. The paper will shed light to the “poverty business" that training courses for the poor have provided for certain private enterprises. These characteristics have taken the shape of an increasingly prevalent educational discourse that may be termed `the Holy Crusade to Educate the Poor’.
Finally, the paper will argue about the possibilities and limitations of an alternative model for minimum income schemes: The Universal Basic Income (UBI).S