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Optimization of boron detection in waters and soils: an assessment from neutron capture for environmental, geological and agronomic applications
No full text[EN] Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants found in different compartments with a high variable content from rocks and soils to waters. Boron is one of the less abundant elements in the earth’s crust. The 10B, a naturally occurring isotope of boron, has a high neutron capture cross-section. This property makes boron an effective neutron absorber, useful for various environmental, geological and agronomic applications. For example, the B detection in different matrices is key for irrigation and fertilization, waste management or prospection of new deposits, among others. In the present research a number of seven different materials are simulated to calibrate and optimize the signals for boron quantification. The three signals that are sensitive to boron content are calculated at different points for varying geometries in order to increase the sensitivity to boron content. Calibration curves are obtained for varying B contents, and some applications of these are discussed. The conclusions drawn provide a basis for the assessment of the viability of neutron and gamma detectors as calibrating tools within simulated setupsS
Social Capital, Corporate Ethics and Social Progress
No full text[EN] The main goal of this study is to analyze the influence of social capital and corporate ethics on social progress. A theoretical model is proposed, and the hypotheses were tested on a sample of 32 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries between 2011 and 2018 that includes data from the Social Progress Imperative non-profit organization as well as from the World Economic Forum database (Global Competitiveness Reports). The results indicate that, although both social capital and corporate ethics have a direct influence on social progress, social capital also influences corporate ethics so that the latter acts as a mediating variable between social capital and social progress
Transgenerational inheritance of heart disorders caused by paternal bisphenol A exposure
Full text link[EN] Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor used in manufacturing of plastic devices, resulting in an ubiquitous presence in the environment linked to human infertility, obesity or cardiovascular diseases. Both transcriptome and epigenome modifications lie behind these disorders that might be inherited transgenerationally when affecting germline. To assess potential effects of paternal exposure on offspring development, adult zebrafish males were exposed to BPA during spermatogenesis and mated with non-treated females. Results showed an increase in the rate of heart failures of progeny up to the F2, as well as downregulation of 5 genes involved in cardiac development in F1 embryos. Moreover, BPA causes a decrease in F0 and F1 sperm remnant mRNAs related to early development. Results reveal a paternal inheritance of changes in the insulin signaling pathway due to downregulation of insulin receptor β mRNAs, suggesting a link between BPA male exposure and disruption of cardiogenesis in forthcoming generationsSIThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project AGL2011-27787)
Effect of surface biotreatments on construction materials
Full text link[EN] Surface treatment technology is instrumental to construction material conservation and more specifically to preventing decay and improving durability. Surface treatments help protect and consolidate the built heritage against material damage, reducing repair and replacement costs. This study assessed the effect of two eco-friendly healing agents, one generated by iron-enriched Escherichia coli and the other by mixed microbial cultures that metabolise glycerol, a biodiesel processing by-product, to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates. Healing was monitored by measuring the water drop absorption rate in cement mortar, air lime mortar, ceramic brick, limestone, adobe and compressed earth block. The agents tested lengthened water absorption times in all the materials studied, confirming their efficacy as external repair treatments for construction materials.SIproject DB-Heritage – Database of building materials with historical and heritage interest (PTDC/EPH- PAT/4684/2014), project IF/01054/2014/CP1224/CT0005, the Asso- ciate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV and Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit-UCIBIO which are financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/QUI/50006/2019; UID/Multi/04378/2019) and co-financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agree- ment (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007728). Nídia Almeida is supported by the Radiation Biology and Biophysics Doctoral Training Pro- gramme (RaBBiT-PD/00193/2012; UCIBIO-UID/Multi/04378/2019 and CEFETIC-UID/FIS/00068/2013) and by a PhD fellowship from FCT/MCTES (PD/BD/106034/2015)
Exploring the morphology of adult tibia and fibula from Sima de los Huesos site in sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain
Full text link[EN] The analysis of the locomotor anatomy of Late Pleistocene Homo has largely focused on changes in proximal femur and pelvic morphologies, with much attention centered on the emergence of modern humans. Although much of the focus has been on changes in the proximal femur, some research has also been conducted on tibiae and, to a lesser extent, fibulae. With this in mind, we present one of the largest samples of the same population of human tibiae and fibulae from the Middle Pleistocene to determine their main characteristic traits and establish similarities and differences, primarily with those of Neanderthals and modern humans, but also with other Middle Pleistocene specimens in the fossil record. Through this study, we established that the Middle Pleistocene population from the Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) had lower leg long bones similar to those of Neanderthals, although there were some important differences, such as bone length, which this fossil individuals resembled those of modern humans and not to Neanderthals. This fact is related to the crural index and leg length, even though we do not have any true association between femora and tibiae yet, it has implications for establishing locomotor efficiency and climate adaptationSIGrant PID2021-122355NB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, Fieldwork at the Atapuerca sites is funded by the Junta de Castilla y León and the Fundación Atapuerc
Launching of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Spain Species Specialist Group
Full text linkResumen y palabras clave extraídas con IA[EN] This article presents the establishment of the Spain Species Specialist Group, a National Species Specialist Group promoted by the IUCN Species Survival Commission and officially launched in February 2024. As the first group of its kind in Europe, it aims to coordinate national expertise across taxonomic groups to support evidence-based decision-making and policy development for reversing species decline. The group was created through a participatory process involving scientific societies, conservation organizations, NGOs, government bodies and IUCN entities. Its programmes are aligned with the IUCN Species Strategic Plan 2021–2025 and the Species Conservation Cycle, and its initial membership includes 132 experts covering a wide range of terrestrial and marine taxa. The initiative is intended to serve as a model for similar national networks across EuropeS
Classroom management self-efficacy in primary and secondary teachers: predictor variables and teacher profiles
Full text link[ES] La eficacia en la gestión del aula es una de las principales preocupaciones del colectivo docente al ser uno de los ámbitos competenciales a desarrollar por el profesorado como garante de éxito en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la influencia de la formación inicial y continua en la autoeficacia del docente en la gestión del aula, así como conocer la capacidad predictiva de otras variables sobre la autoeficacia. Además, se describen perfiles docentes por niveles educativos. Se planteó un estudio de carácter predictivo utilizando datos de la última versión de la encuesta TALIS 2018, a partir de la muestra española conformada por 11527 docentes de educación primaria y secundaria. Los resultados indican que, tanto la formación inicial como la formación continua, son variables predictoras del nivel de autoeficacia de los docentes en la gestión del aula. Sin embargo, el tipo de formación ejerce un efecto distinto según el nivel educativo. Otras variables como los años de experiencia profesional, el comportamiento disruptivo en el aula y el nivel educativo ejercen un poder predictivo. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia de la formación docente, especialmente la continua, en estrategias de gestión del aula.[EN] Effectiveness in classroom management is one of the main concerns among teachers, as the development of this competence is key
to succeed in the teaching and learning processes. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of initial and in-service training on
teachers’ self-efficacy in classroom management, as well as to discern the predictive capacity of other variables on this competence. In
addition, teacher profiles are described, categorised in different educational levels. A predictive study was conducted using data from
the TALIS 2018 survey, based on the Spanish sample of 11,527 primary and secondary teachers. The results indicate that both initial and
in-service training are predictors of the teachers’ level of self-efficacy in classroom management. However, the types of training they
receive have different effects depending on their educational level. Other variables, such as teaching experience, disruptive behaviour
in the classroom, and educational level have a predictive effect. Therefore, the importance of teacher training in classroom manage-
ment—especially in-service training—is highlighted.S
CAS Arbitration Award Confirmed by a Court in a Third State: Reflections on the Royal Football Club Seraing Case
Full text link[ES] En la sentencia que resuelve el asunto RFC Seraing (STJUE 1.8.2025, C-600/23), el TJUE acepta el arbitraje deportivo, pero subraya que, cuando el deporte opera como actividad económica, la tutela judicial efectiva (arts. 19 TUE y 47 de la Carta) exige un control jurisdiccional
efectivo del laudo antes de atribuirle cosa juzgada o valor probatorio frente a terceros. De ahí la “segunda mirada” a los laudos extranjeros (como los del TAS con sede en Suiza) y el rechazo a reconocerlos sin una revisión que abarque las cuestiones de hecho y de Derecho pertinentes, en línea con Eco Swiss y con la proyección del control más allá del deporte estrictamente considerado. Sobre esa base, el estándar aplicable no es un “control limitado” meramente formal, sino en profundidad, especialmente ante normas imperativas del Derecho de la Unión, y alcanza tanto al arbitraje forzoso como al voluntario. El impacto práctico es doble: reconfigura el equilibrio FIFA-TAS jurisdicción ordinaria (y, por extensión, el arbitraje internacional con efectos en la UE) y obliga a adaptar la normativa deportiva si se quiere conservar eficacia interna; al mismo tiempo, anticipa mayor litigiosidad y carga para los tribunales, tensionando la promesa de celeridad del arbitraje.[EN] In the judgment in RFC Seraing (CJEU, 1 Aug 2025, C- 600/23), the Court accepts sports arbitration but stresses that, when sport functions as an economic activity, the right to effective judicial protection (Arts 19 TEU and 47 of the Charter) requires effective judicial review of the award before according it res judicata status or probative value vis-à-vis third parties. Hence the need for a “second look” at foreign awards (such as CAS awards seated in Switzerland) and the rejection of insulating them from scrutiny without a review that covers the relevant questions of fact and law, in line with Eco Swiss and with the projection of such control beyond sport strictly so-called. On that basis, the applicable standard is not a merely formal “limited review” but a searching one, especially where mandatory rules of EU law are at stake, and it reaches both compulsory and voluntary arbitration. The practical impact is twofold: it reconfigures the FIFA-CAS-ordinary courts balance (and, by extension, international arbitration with effects in the EU) and compels adjustments to sports regulations if they are to retain internal effectiveness; at the same time, it foreshadows increased litigation and workload for the courts, straining arbitration’s promise of speed.Trabajo realizado en el marco de las Residencias de verano en Grupos de Investigación ULE–SANTANDER 2025. El autor ha estado adscrito al Grupo de Investigación Consolidado “Derecho Europeo, Historia Jurídica y Organizaciones sociales: EUROHIST.org
La ecología sin conciencia de clase es jardinería: educar en y para el decrecimiento
No full text[ES] No es posible el crecimiento continuo en un planeta limitado. Se han cruzado ya muchos
puntos críticos de inflexión (tipping point), que acarrean cambios irreversibles y rápidos en el
planeta, que son ya muy difíciles de revertir. Las diversas manifestaciones de esta crisis global
tienen una raíz común: el capitalismo. La emergencia climática y ecológica es el síntoma,
pero la enfermedad es el capitalismo. En definitiva, Capitalismo o vida. Sabemos que únicamente
la ruptura con el sistema capitalista, con su consumismo y su productivismo, puede
evitar la catástrofe. Todo esto requiere una metodología de intervención educativa centrada
en la descolonización de nuestras mentes y de nuestras prácticas. Para la realización de una
sociedad del decrecimiento es necesaria la descolonización del imaginario mental y colectivo
en el que hemos sido formados. Por eso implica desaprender, una nueva forma de socialización
educativa que anteponga el mantenimiento de la vida y el bien común a la obtención de
beneficios económicos de unos pocos. Esta es la base esencial de la Pedagogía del decrecimiento:
educar para superar el capitalismo y aprender a vivir de forma justa con lo necesario
Tracking the development of technical-tactical skills in judo athletes with visual impairments over four Paralympic cycles (2012-2024)
Full text link[EN] Judo performance is inherently complex due to the dynamic interplay of various factors influencing technique execution. This retrospective cohort study examined data on the technical-tactical performance of judo athletes with visual impairments across four Paralympic cycles (London 2012, Rio 2016, Tokyo 2020+1, and Paris 2024), categorized by sex (male and female), using a motor-technical classification system. Data from 718 matches and 1,028 technical performances were analyzed. The association between technique group frequencies and Paralympic Games editions, stratified by sex (male and female) was assessed by independent Chi-square tests. The results revealed that athletes consistently favored Group 1 (techniques with turning action, forward throw, and two supporting feet) and Group 10 (groundwork techniques) for both female (X2 = 52.40, p = 0.002) and male athletes (X2 = 53.97, p = 0.002) across all four Paralympic cycles. These consistent patterns suggest that judo athletes with visual impairments maintain stable technical preferences across cycles, regardless of sex. The findings provide valuable aspects into the technical-tactical performance of judo athletes with visual impairments, highlighting the consistency of technique preferences across multiple Paralympic Games. Coaches can focus on these techniques in training, customizing their approaches to align with the athletes' strengths and preferences, especially those involving turning actions, forward throws, two supporting feet, and groundwork techniques