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Hallazgos en la (ir)realidad de una geografía imaginaria"Las ciudades de sombra" en la novelística de Luis Mateo Díez
No full text[ES] Adentrarse en la literatura de Luis Mateo Díez aboca al descubrimiento de una magistral fabulación de geografías de la memoria tejida con la envoltura de las distorsiones metafóricas, simbólicas y míticas, además de oníricas, expresionistas, esperpénticas y grotescas. Garante de la unión entre imaginación, palabra literaria y memoria, y defensor de la ficción como peculiar espejo de la vida, Díez localiza sus invenciones en un espacio narrativo que se funda como un mundo pleno de verdad. Si en algunos de sus primeros títulos se cartografiaba la topografía de León y de comarcas de dicha provincia con gran detalle, como observó José Enrique Martínez en La ciudad inventada (1994), posteriormente, el autor da relieve a una tierra singular que —desde lo local de parajes rurales y, más tarde, urbanos, como el páramo de Celama y las Ciudades de Sombra, respectivamente— adquiere consistencia universal.S
Serving suggestions in English and Spanish: A corpus-based contrastive study in online promotional discours
Full text link[EN] Globalization in trade and industry has led to the need for writing specialized texts in English as an international language. Non-native speakers often find difficulties in the production of specialized texts, including online promotional
discourse. In the food industry, the description of manufactured products is often followed by serving suggestions written in an attempt to appeal to the consumer/buyer and make them visualize different ways in which they can present the product. Because of the importance of this key section for marketing purposes, we have analyzed the language employed in serving suggestions. The main pragmatic functions found are instruction andpersuasion, and this paper explores the expression of these functions cross-
linguistically in English and Spanish texts promoting the consumption of cheese. The empirical data have been extracted from a comparable corpus of cheese descriptions in the two languages, which has been rhetorically tagged to isolate the move of serving suggestions. The main findings have revealed that, in both languages, the instructive function tends to be conveyed through syntactic structures, whereas the persuasive function is mainly expressed through phraseological patterns and specific lexical units with positive connotations. This paper contributes to the international expansion of local companies providing an inventory of linguistic resources for the successful writing of promotional texts in English or Spanish as a foreign language. The results are also useful in translation and foreign language writing, both for professionals and students, especially in the field of marketing.[ES] La globalización del comercio y la industria requiere la redacción de textos especializados en inglés como lengua internacional. Los hablantes no nativos suelen encontrar dificultades al escribir textos especializados, por ejemplo, en el discurso promocional en línea. En la industria alimentaria, la descripción de los productos suele ir seguida de sugerencias de presentación para atraer al consumidor/comprador y hacerle ver diferentes maneras en las que puede presentar el producto. Dada la importancia de esta sección en el mundo del marketing, hemos analizado el lenguaje de las sugerencias de presentación. Las principales funciones pragmáticas que hemos encontrado son la instrucción y la persuasión. Este artículo contrasta la expresión de estas funciones en sugerencias de presentación en inglés y en español. Los datos empíricos se han extraído de un corpus comparable de descripciones de quesos en los dos idiomas, que se ha etiquetado retóricamente para identificar el movimiento de las sugerencias de presentación. Las principales conclusiones indican que, en ambas lenguas, la función instructiva tiende a expresarse a través de estructuras sintácticas, mientras que la función persuasiva se expresa principalmente mediante patrones fraseológicos y unidades léxicas específicas con connotaciones positivas. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la expansión internacional de las empresas locales mediante la confección de un inventario de recursos lingüísticos para redactar con éxito textos promocionales en inglés o español como lengua extranjera. Los resultados también pueden ser de utilidad en el ámbito de la traducción y de la redacción en lenguas extranjeras, tanto para profesionales como para estudiantes, especialmente de marketingS
Incorporación de la IA en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje: la visión del alumnado
No full text[ES] La incorporación de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la educación superior representa un cambio paradigmático en la
forma en que se concibe la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. La IA se presenta como una herramienta poderosa capaz de
personalizar la experiencia educativa, optimizar la gestión del conocimiento y potenciar las habilidades analíticas
y críticas de los estudiantes (García-Peñalvo et al., 2024). Así, en el Consenso de Beijing (UNESCO, 2019) sobre
Inteligencia Artificial y Educación (2015), ya se puso en evidencia la necesidad de integrar estas herramientas en el
ámbito educativo como vía para conseguir un modelo más abierto y equitativo. Se observa esta integración en áreas
como la ingeniería y la medicina (Bertossi et al., 2024; Bolaño-García y Duarte-Acosta, 2024). Respecto a los futuros
profesionales de la educación, estos deben no solo adaptarse a las innovaciones tecnológicas (Mena-Guacas et al.,
2024), sino también aprender a utilizarlas de manera ética y efectiva para mejorar los procesos educativos (Camacho
Holgado et al., 2024). En este sentido, Ayuso del-Puerto y Gutiérrez-Esteban (2022), evaluaron las percepciones de
los profesores en formación sobre el uso de IA en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, evidenciando que estos
consideraban beneficios como el aumento de la motivación, el desarrollo de habilidades para resolver problemas
y la promoción de la creatividad, contribuyendo así a un aprendizaje significativo y enriquecedor.
Continuando esta línea, el objetivo de la presente comunicación es describir las percepciones de los estudiantes
universitarios de titulaciones vinculadas a la educación sobre el empleo de herramientas de IA en tareas académicas
Chatbots as a support tool for university orientation
Full text link[ES] El avance de las tecnologías ha propiciado la implementación de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en el sector educativo. Por ello, es importante atender a la calidad de los servicios que la IA oferta. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cuál es la calidad de los sistemas automáticos de asesoramiento (chatbots) ofrecidos por las universidades de España. Para ello, se utilizócomo técnica de recogida de información, la observación. Se construyerondos listados de control en los que se mide tanto los aspectos generales de procedimiento del chatbotcomo las dudas planteadas por estudiantado en foros de internet y organizadas en 4 bloques temáticos. Dicha herramienta se validó a través de un estudio piloto y se aplicóen 15 universidades públicas que cuentan con este servicio. Los resultados muestran que la calidad del servicio viene determinada tanto por la información proporcionada por la universidad como por la compañía que diseña el chatbot, pues se comprobóque existe un porcentaje bajo de respuestas con un grado de ajuste suficiente. Aunasí, el nivel de detalle de estases considerable. Por ello, no se puede negar el impacto positivo que está empezando a tener la IA en los servicios de orientación universitaria.[EN] The advance of technologies has led to the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the education sector. Therefore, paying attention to the quality of the services offered by AI. This study aims to know the quality of the automatic counseling systems (chatbots) offered by universities in Spain. To this end, observation has been used as a technique for collecting information. Two checklists have been constructed to measure both the general aspects of the chatbot procedure and the doubts raised by students in Internet forums and organized into 4 thematic blocks. This tool was validated through a pilot study and applied in 15 public universities that have this service.The results show that the quality of the service is determined both by the information provided by the university and by the company that designs the chatbot, as it has been found that there is a low percentage of responses with a sufficientdegree of adjustment. Even so, their level of detail is considerable. Therefore, there is no denying the positive impact that AI is beginning to have on university counseling services.S
Countermovement jump performance in Malaysian young wushu athletes: normative values and sex-based differences
Full text link[EN] Wushu, commonly known as kung-fu, is a demanding sport requiring rapid force application to achieve significant vertical jump heights. These jumps are integral for executing complex aerial tasks and obtaining higher performance scores. Purpose: This study aimed to establish normative data for countermovement jump (CMJ) performance parameters in elite wushu athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional design was implemented at the 2022 Malaysia Games (SUKMA) wushu competition with 115 athletes (males=67). Each athlete performed three CMJs with hands akimbo on a pair of force platforms. Performance and biomechanical data (vertical jump height, peak relative propulsive power, peak relative propulsive force, modified reactive strength index, and relative propulsive net impulse) were collected using Hawkins Dynamics software. An ANCOVA was used to compare CMJ parameters across sex and events, controlling for age and body mass. Normative data were established using t-scores. Results: The ANCOVA indicated that CMJ and biomechanical variables differed by sex and age (p<0.01), but not by event. Conclusion: These normative values provide a baseline for understanding CMJ performance in elite wushu athletes and may guide further exploration of training adaptations, injury risk assessment, and performance optimization. However, additional research is warranted to fully validate and expand on the potential practical applications of these findings
Primary visual cortex in neandertals as revealed from the occipital remains from the El Sidrón site, with emphasis on the newSD‐2300 specimen
Full text link[EN The comparative analysis of the endocranial surface of the El Sidrón new occipital fragment SD-2300 shows meaningful differences in the configuration of the occipital pole region between neandertals and anatomically modern humans (AMH). The particular asymmetries found in neandertals in the venous sinus drainage and the petalial patterns are recognizable in this new specimen as well. In addition, the supra- and infracalcarine fossae of the occipital pole region appear to deviate obliquely from the mid-line when compared with sapiens. Due to the excellent preservation conditions of SD-2300, the main sulci and gyri of the occipital pole area have been identified, this degree of detail being uncommon in a fossil specimen; in general, the gyrification pattern is similar to AMH, but with some notable differences. Particularly interesting is the description of the lunate and the calcarine sulci. The lunate sulcus is located close to the occipital pole, in a similar posterior position to in other Homo species. Regarding the calcarine sulcus, there are significant differences in the primary visual cortex, with the V1 area, or Brodmann area 17, being larger in Homo neanderthalensis than in Homo sapiens. This may lead to greater visual acuity in neandertals than in sapiensSIWe would like to thank the El Sidrón excavation team for their dedication to this site. We are grateful to the Editor and two anonymous referees for their useful suggestions. We are also grateful to P. Mennecier and A. Froment (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris), R. Ziegler (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart), C. Stringer and R. Krusynski (Natural History Museum, London), F. Spoor (University College London), E. Mbua (Kenya National Museums), L. Bondioli (Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico Luigi Pigorini), R. Macchiarelli (University of Poitiers), M. Teschler-Nicola, (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien), D. Lieberman (Peabody Museum, Harvard), P. Semal (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels), F. Schrenk (Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt), E. Delson and S. Márquez (American Museum of Natural History and SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, respectively), T. Schoenemann and J. Monge (Penn State University Cranial Collection) and the NESPOS society for providing CT data. In addition, we appreciate the kindness of Professors H. and M. A. de Lumley for access to their cast collection. We also thank A. Estalrrich, R. Huguet and B. Fernández-Cascón (Paleoanthropology Group, MNCN), for their support and dedicated work on the El Sidrón assemblage. This work was supported by the MINECO projects CGL2012-36682 and CGL2016-75109-P and by the Convenio CSIC-Principado de Asturias 201130E01
Improving accountability and explainability in robots through encryption, large language models, and visual language models
No full text[EN] Mobile robots are becoming increasingly common in spaces shared
with humans, raising concerns about safety and security. However, the lack of
capabilities to justify the actions behind a particular behavior to non-expert users
poses a significant challenge in building trustworthy interactions. Explaining why
a robot performs an unexpected action is crucial to understanding the cause of a
failure. Furthermore, these explanations need to be clear and accessible to nontechnical
users. This work depicts a Proof of Concept of an accountability and explainability
engine for Robot Operating System (ROS)-based mobile robots. Our
solution comprises two components. The first consists of a black box-like module
to provide accountability, capturing the actions performed by the robot while
guaranteeing faithful replay, data privacy, and authenticity. The second component
generates natural language explanations by using data within the black box.
The explainability component is based on the use of Large Language Models
(LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs), enabling the system to analyze
textual logs with the added context of visual input. Initial results show that it is
possible to obtain understandable, accurate, and precise explanations by using
accountable data as context. This fact enhances the deployment of responsible,
transparent, interpretable, and trustworthy agents, easing interaction between humans
and robots.S
Interference, explicitation, implicitation and normalization in third code Spanish: Evidence from discourse markers
No full text[EN] Third code research has documented the distinctiveness of translated language and singled out recurrent tendencies framing them as translation universals. This paper aims to identify the interaction between interference, explicitation, implicitation and normalization and their potential relationship(s) with other variables, such as register. The focus of the study is on Spanish discourse markers (DMs) translated from English. This study uses interference, explicitation, implicitation and normalization as methodological tools to unveil these patterns. Evidence comes from a bilingual parallel corpus (P-ACTRES 2.0), a corpus of translated Spanish (CETRI), and a reference corpus of contemporary Spanish (CORPES XXI). We select the input DMs according to two criteria: first, we focus on DMs showing cross-linguistic formal correspondence, indicating the possibility of grammatical interference; second, we consider different procedural meanings for the DMs to anticipate potential regularity distortions. Results indicate that DM underuse in the target texts generally co-occurs with explicitation. Register is an important variable: implicitation is more frequent in non-fiction and, together with normalization, affects the majority of DMs. Evidence also points to the DMs' semantics influencing implicitation and explicitation.SIThis research has been partly funded by project MCIN/AEI/PID2020-114064RB-I00/ ERDF “Controlled natural languages, crowdsourced communication and bilingual text production in 3.0 environments”
Congenital syphilis or mercury treatment: dental alterations in a twelfth- or thirteenth-century child from Medinaceli, Soria, Spain
Full text link[EN] Syphilis, together with its variant congenital syphilis, is a disease caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. palli- 19 dum. This paper documents possible new skeletal evidence for congenital syphilis from the Medieval Era (twelfth and 20 thirteenth centuries CE) burial site of Medinaceli in the Province of Soria in North-Central Spain. What is involved is c due 21 to congenital syphilis, mercury treatment, or a combination of both. This study focuses on the hypoplastic dental changes 22 observed in a child approximately eight years of age. Only a fragmented skull with left maxilla and the left side of the 23 mandible were preserved. Macroscopic analysis, X-rays, computerized tomography (CT) and mercury detection analysis 24 by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) techniques were used to observe dental abnormalities. In addi- 25 tion to extensive caries in the upper second deciduous molar, pulpo-alveolar lesions and facial alterations were observed. 26 The absence of the rest of the skeleton tends to make a diagnosis of congenital syphilis difficult. However, the dental stig- 27 mata observed do permit a reasonable diagnosis.SIThe authors wish to express their thanks to Dr José Manuel Gonzalo Orden of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Leon, Spain, for his assistance in CT scans and 600 radiography
= The wheelchair in contact improvisation: Encounters with the dance Company ANGA
Full text link[ES] El Contact Improvisation (CI) es una forma coreográfica surgida en
USA en los setenta en un contexto de colaboración artística interdisciplinar y de
reivindicación de derechos sociales, entre ellos, los de colectivos de personas con
discapacidad. El cuerpo sensible se instaura en CI como paradigma no solo de
una pedagogía de los sentidos, sino como una pedagogía accesible y como una
fenomenología queer, basadas en la diversidad y en la reciprocidad. En este marco,
destaco las dinámicas observadas en estancias anuales con la compañía de danza
ANQA desde 2014 y en las entrevistas realizadas a la coreógrafa Isabelle Brunaud
y a la bailarina Marie Laure Kaminski. La silla de ruedas constituye en la evolución
de ANQA y del CI un objeto que expone la complejidad y las dificultades de las
relaciones en contextos artísticos y cotidianos y, al mismo tiempo, simboliza las
posibilidades inimaginables de los encuentros en los procesos creativos.[EN] Contact Improvisation (CI) is a choreographic form that emerged in the USA
in the 1970s in a context of interdisciplinary artistic collaboration and the vindication
of social rights, including those of groups of people with disabilities. The sensitive
body is established in CI as a paradigm not only of a pedagogy of the senses but
also of an accessible pedagogy and a queer phenomenology, based on diversity and
reciprocity. Within this framework, I highlight the dinamics observed in annual stays
with the ANQA dance company since 2014 and in interviews with Isabelle Brunaud,
choreographer, and Marie Laure Kaminski, dancer. The wheelchair constitutes in the
evolution of ANQA and the CI an object that exposes the complexity and difficulties
of relationships in artistic and everyday contexts and, at the same time, symbolises
the unimaginable possibilities of encounters in creative processes[PT] Contact Improvisation (CI) é uma forma coreográfica que surgiu nos EUA
na década de 1970 em um contexto de colaboração artística interdisciplinar e de
reivindicação de direitos sociais, incluindo os de grupos de pessoas com deficiência.
O corpo sensível é estabelecido na CI como um paradigma não apenas de uma
pedagogia dos sentidos, mas também de uma pedagogia acessível e de uma
fenomenologia queer, baseada na diversidade e na reciprocidade. Dentro dessa
estrutura, destaco as dinâmicas observadas em estadias anuais com a companhia
de dança ANQA desde 2014 e em entrevistas com Isabelle Brunaud, coreógrafa,
e Marie Laure Kaminski, dançarina. A cadeira de rodas constitui, na evolução da
ANQA e da CI, um objeto que expõe a complexidade e as dificuldades das relações
em contextos artísticos e cotidianos e, ao mesmo tempo, simboliza as possibilidades
inimagináveis de encontros em processos criativo