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Short-Term In-Season Strength Training With Functional Electromechanical Devices Versus Pulley-Based Systems: Performance and Body-Composition Outcomes in Handball Players
Full text link[EN] This study compared the effects of a 4-week in-season strength-training intervention using a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD) versus a free-weight pulley-based (FWPB) system on throwing velocity, strength, and body composition in semiprofessional male handball players. Methods: Seventeen male handball players were randomly assigned to either an FEMD group (n = 8) or an FWPB group (n = 9) and completed a 4-week in-season strength-training program. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included throwing velocity (jumping and standing), isometric and dynamic strength using 2 different resistance devices, and body composition. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (time × group interaction) was used to assess the effects of the intervention. Results: No significant time × group interaction effects were observed for most outcomes (P > .05), indicating similar overall training adaptations. Both methodologies improved standing throwing velocity (time: P .261) and most pulley-based strength variables (P < .001), with FWPB showing additional specific gains in certain strength and power parameters (P < .05).Additionally, both groups showed overall increases in soft lean mass (P = .002, η2p = .494),with FWPB demonstrating a significant improvement (P = .043), while body-fat percentage remained unchanged. Conclusions: Both FEMD and FWPB strength-training methods improved neuromuscular performance and body composition in handball players during the competitive season, with no clear superiority of either modality. Despite the short duration, the results highlight the relevance of inseason strength training for maintaining and enhancing physical capacities including throwing velocity in handball players.S
Biological bipolar electrodes for bioelectrochemical systems: A proof of concept
Full text link[EN] This study presents a proof of concept for a novel monolithic bipolar electrode (BE) that is biologically activated on both faces for application in bioelectrochemical systems. The BE was fabricated using 3D techniques using a PLA/carbon-black composite and subsequently functionalized through electrochemical deposition of graphene oxide to enhance surface conductivity. Two stacked configurations (replicates), each comprising two serially connected chambers via a single BE, were constructed and biologically activated in situ. Polarization tests on the individual sides of the BEs showed sustained current generation on both faces: the anodic side reached up to 0.40 A m−2, while the cathodic side exhibited stable but slower current development. Whole-stack polarization tests demonstrated current densities up to ∼0.5 A m−2 at 3.0 V, with performance limited by the cathodic side of the BE. Microbiological analysis confirmed the colonization of both electrode faces by electroactive microbial consortia. Overall, this study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of using fully biocatalyzed, monolithic BEs in bioelectrochemical systems, to enable compact, modular stack designs with minimized electrical interconnections, reduced volumetric footprint, and simplified assembly.SIThis research was possible thanks to the financial support of the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” through project TED2021-129687A-I00, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR
Relatos vislumbrados en las súplicas de los monasterios castellanos a Inocencio VI (1353-1362)
No full text[ES] El capítulo analiza las súplicas de monasterios castellanos dirigidas a Inocencio VI (1353–1362) como fuente documental, dando detalle de su valor historiográfico, describiendo su tramitación en la curia pontificia y mostrando que, además de textos formularios, incorporan relatos útiles para reconstruir procesos institucionales de los monasterios castellanos medievales.Trabajo realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación «Los monasterios de la Corona de Castilla en la Baja Edad Media: actitudes y reacciones en un tiempo de problemas y cambios», ref. PID2021-124066NB-100, financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE
Obstetric violence before the law: normative contrasts between Mexico and Spain
Full text link[ES] Este artículo analiza la violencia obstétrica como una forma de violencia de género y una violación de derechos humanos que se manifiesta durante el embarazo, el parto y el posparto. A partir del informe de la Relatora Especial de Naciones Unidas, se examinan las principales prácticas que configuran este fenómeno y sus causas estructurales, vinculadas a modelos de atención medicalizados, estereotipos de género y desigualdades persistentes. El estudio compara
posteriormente la respuesta normativa de México y España, evidenciando dos aproximaciones divergentes: mientras México reconoce explícitamente la violencia obstétrica en su legislación y ha desarrollado marcos específicos de prevención, atención y sanción, España carece aún de un reconocimiento jurídico del concepto y aborda estas vulneraciones desde normas generales sobre autonomía del paciente y derechos sanitarios. A través del análisis de casos emblemáticos resueltos por el Comité CEDAW, se pone de manifiesto la insuficiencia de los mecanismos de garantía en el contexto español. El artículo concluye que, aunque ambos países enfrentan desafíos comunes en la implementación práctica de la atención respetuosa, el reconocimiento conceptual y normativo resulta determinante para visibilizar, medir y erradicar la violencia obstétrica.[EN] This article examines obstetric violence as a form of genderbased violence and a violation of human rights that occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Drawing on the report of the United Nations Special Rapporteur, it explores the main practices that constitute this phenomenon and the structural factors that sustain it, including highly medicalized models of care, gender stereotypes, and persistent inequalities. The study then compares the regulatory responses of Mexico and Spain, revealing two divergent approaches: while Mexico explicitly recognizes obstetric violence in its legislation and has developed specific frameworks for prevention, care, and sanction, Spain has yet to legally acknowledge the concept and addresses these violations through general rules on patient autonomy and healthcare rights. Through the analysis of emblematic cases decided by the CEDAW Committee, the article highlights the insufficiency of Spain’s current safeguards. It concludes that, although both countries face common challenges in implementing respectful maternity care, conceptual and legal recognition plays a crucial role in making obstetric violence visible, measurable, and ultimately eradicable
Analyzing competitive demands in mountain running races: A running power-based approach
Full text linkAccepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 20(2): 275–281, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0234. © Human Kinetics, Inc.[EN] Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the competitive demands of mountain running races of varying lengths. Methods: Sixty-six male athletes competed in Vertical race (∼3 km and ∼1000 m of total elevation change), Sky race (∼25 km and ∼3000 m of total elevation change), and SkyUltra race (∼80 km and ∼9000 m of total elevation change). Exercise intensity and competition load (TL) were assessed using running power, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Results: The highest exercise intensity was observed in Vertical race (3.9 [0.4] W·kg−1, 93.6% [2.8%] HRmax, and 9.5 [0.7] RPE) compared to Sky race (3.5 [0.5] W·kg−1, 89.9% [2.4%] HRmax, and 8.5 [1.2] RPE), and SkyUltra (2.7 [0.6] W·kg−1, 73.4% [1.1%] HRmax, and 8.2 [1.1] RPE). Vertical races had the highest mean maximal power outputs for periods 5 W·kg−1 and the most time spent above the respiratory compensation threshold. The majority of time in SkyUltra was spent at low intensity. The highest TLs were observed in these races (6200.5 [708.0] kJ, 842.0 [35.7] AU for TLHR, and 4897.3 [940.7] AU for TLRPE). However, when normalized to competition time, the SkyUltra event showed the lowest values compared with the Vertical and Sky races (∼11 vs ∼14.5 kJ·min−1, ∼1.5 vs ∼2.5 AU·m−1 for TLHR). Conclusion: The results of this study expand knowledge about the effort demands of mountain races and demonstrate how these demands are affected by race duration. Additionally, the study highlights the potential use of running power for quantifying exercise in this sport.S
Plant Conservation in the Midst of Energy Transition: Can Regional Governments Rise to the Challenge?
Full text linkThis article belongs to the Section Land, Biodiversity, and Human Wellbeing[EN] Within the expanding wind energy projects context, this study explores the intricate relationship between biodiversity conservation and wind power development in the Cantabrian Mountains. By analyzing data from 1107 UTM grids measuring 10 × 10 km, we have identified 378 endangered vascular plant taxa and 36 bryophytes, including 135 that are regional endemics. Wind power complexes pose a significant risk of irreversible impacts on plant conservation zones and their integrity if proper management informed by the best available scientific knowledge is not implemented. This study introduces the concept of very important plant areas (VIPAs) as a crucial tool for identifying priority conservation areas. A total of 60% of the UTM grids were classified in the “high conservation value” category. Among the endangered species within the region, only 11% are afforded protection at the European level and 17% at the national level, leaving a key role for regional governments with heterogeneous lists. Our findings highlight the urgent need for legislation that accommodates updates to protected species lists, ensuring the inclusion of high-risk taxa and legally binding mechanisms at various administrative tiers. The proposed method relies on quantifiable and repeatable criteria, making it adaptable for application in other territories and for broader land use planning purposesS
Robocup 2023-2024 ROSbag Dataset
Full text link[EN] This dataset was collected during the 2023 and 2024 RoboCup competitions using the TIAGo robot equipped with an RGB-D camera, a Hokuyo laser, and a RODE microphone. The dataset includes ROSbag files that capture the robot's sensory data and planning task behavior, as well as video recordings that provide third-person perspectives of task execution. These data provide information about the performance of autonomous robots in social tasks and navigation in dynamic environments with human interaction.SIThe CORESENSE project is funded by the EC Horizon Europe program through grant HE #101070254 inside the HORIZON-CL4-2021-DIGITAL-EMERGING-01-11 topic
The Botanical University Challenge: Bridging isolation and empowering plant‐aware students
Full text link[EN] Societal Impact Statement In some indigenous languages, plants are referred to as ‘those who care for us’, reflecting their essential role in tackling global challenges. Yet, urbanisation and other factors have reduced engagement with plants and botany, decreasing awareness, especially among students. To combat this, three botanists launched the Botanical University Challenge (BUC) to inspire plant-aware students in the United Kingdom and Ireland. We show how, through competition, BUC fosters a community of budding botanists, equips students with skills to tackle environmental issues and bridges fragmented interest in plants. Its success has sparked similar contests interna- tionally, showcasing BUC's broad appeal and potential to elevate botany globally. Summary The Botanical University Challenge (BUC) competition was first devised by three aca- demic botanists in 2015 to champion plants and plant-aware students and to help connect disparate and disconnected student botanists across the United Kingdom and Ireland. Since then, BUC has grown in popularity to become the largest annual botanical contest in Europe (and possibly the world) with teams competing from a total of 33 higher education institutions from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland answering questions on the full breadth of the botanical sciences. Through running the competition and (since 2023) an associated Student Botany Festival, the BUC Planning Team has had the opportunity to engage with a diverse cohort of plant-aware students, from undergraduate to doctoral level, enabling them to share their values, passions and concerns for the future. We discuss the development of BUC and our ambitions concerning the future growth and impact of the BUC compe- tition and the ways in which BUC has supported plant-aware students, such as skills training and career pathway development. We also present two international case studies where the BUC format has been used to facilitate student education and engagement in other countries. We envision BUC as a vehicle to enable connections between plant-aware students, not only nationally within the United Kingdombut internationally, by encouraging and supporting other communities in similar endeavoursSIGatsby Charitable Foundation, Grant/Award Number: GAT3732 - Botanical University Challenge (BUC) 2; Other funders are listed in the supplementary materia
El protocolo como instrumento de buen gobierno y de "gobernanza de intereses"
No full text[ES] Como ya advirtiera la Guía para la Pequeña y Mediana Empresa Familiar, publicada en 2003 por el Ministerio de Economía «en los países de economía libre las empresas de socios familiares constituyen el entramado básico de la actividad y son los principales agentes de creación de riqueza. En España, el número de empresas familiares con las características anteriormente definidas supera los dos millones, generando entre un 65 y un 70 por 100 del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) y, aproximadamente, el 75 por 100 del empleo, con cerca de nueve millones de trabajadores, de los cuales más de un millón y medio son autónomos». El protagonismo de la empresa familiar es claramente deducible de los datos estadísticos elaborados por entidades, organismos e instituciones nacionales e internacionales. Particularmente destacados son los datos proporcionados por el Instituto de la Empresa Familiar, presentados en febrero de 2015 en un estudio sobre la empresa familiar, en el que recoge la realidad estadística de la empresa familiar española. Partiendo de entrevistas personalizadas y sobre una muestra estadísticamente significativa (500 empresas familiares), en la que solo se han considerado sociedades mercantiles anónimas y limitadas se llega a la conclusión de que las empresas familiares representan el 90 por 100 de las sociedades anónimas y limitadas (1,1 millones de sociedades); aportan el 60 por 100 del valor añadido bruto (262.000.000.000 euros de manera directa a la economía); y representan el 70 por 100 de los empleos del conjunto del sector privado (siete millones de puestos de trabajo). Además concluye que la presencia de la empresa familiar es mayoritaria en todos los sectores de la economía, siendo muy destacada en los sectores primario, secundario (a excepción de las actividades relacionadas con los suministros), construcción, comercio y hostelería
Perfiles paleodemográfico de las poblaciones enterradas en el Convento de San Pablo (Burgos, España)
Full text linkISBN ed. electrónica: 978-84-88642-06-6. Trabajos en homenaje a la arqueóloga Gema E. Adán Álvarez[EN] The Convent of San Pablo holds burials from the 13th-19th centuries in three areas: the Cloister, Church, and Chapter House. This paper compares methods for sex and age-at-death estimations in skeletal remains from the Cloister and Church (14th-18th centuries) and the Chapter House (17th-18th centuries). Sex estimates in adult individuals indicated male predominance in the Cloister and exclusively males in the Chapter House. Age-at-death estimation using TA3 software revealed individuals over 60 in all areas. The sex estimation in non-adults was particularly accurate in individuals older than 9. A new approach was proposed for non-adult age grouping based on the human pattern growth. Demographic profiles by area revealed unique trends and burial practices within the community[ES] El Convento de San Pablo alberga enterramientos desde los siglos XIII al XIX en tres áreas: el Claustro, la Iglesia y la Sala Capitular. En este trabajo se comparan distintos métodos para estimar sexo y edad de muerte en restos esqueléticos del Claustro y la Iglesia (siglos XIV-XVIII) y la Sala Capitular (siglos XVII-XVIII). Las estimaciones de sexo en adultos indicaron un predominio masculino en el Claustro y exclusivamente varones en la Sala Capitular. La estimación de la edad de muerte mediante el software TA3 reveló individuos mayores de 60 en todas las áreas. La estimación de sexo en no adultos fue particularmente precisa en individuos mayores de 9 años. Se propuso un nuevo enfoque para la agrupación por edad en no adultos basado en el patrón de crecimiento humano. Los perfiles demográficos por área revelaron tendencias y prácticas funerarias únicas dentro de la comunidadSIThanks to the PID2021-122355NB-C31 grant funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by 'FEDER A way to make Europ