Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU
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    22455 research outputs found

    Preclinical investigation of immunomodulatory thermosensitive liposomes

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    Within this thesis, two relevant immunoadjuvants were encapsulated in DPPG2-TSL and the impact on pharmacokinetic, biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy evaluated in vivo, in comparison to un-encapsulated, free compound. For the first time, the STING agonist ADU-S100 (ADU) was loaded in DPPG2-TSL under two different osmotic conditions: hypo- and isosmotic and subsequently tested in vivo. In addition, the TLR 7/8 Agonist Resiquimod (R848) was formulated in DPPG2-TSL-R848 and subsequently tested in vivo. Overall, the encapsulation enhanced in vivo delivery of encapsulated compound and has shown great potential for future research

    Evaluation of plasma substance P concentrations in healthy German Simmental cows and calves

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    Molecular machines based on hemithioindigo

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    Taenia solium neurocysticercosis

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    Einfluss von Komorbiditäten auf zirkulierende Level von Neurofilament light chain bei Schlaganfallpatienten

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    Prognostische und prädiktive präoperative Parameter bei gynäkologischen Malignomen

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    Die Etablierung eines praktikablen Screening-Algorithmus für das Lynch-Syndrom beim Endometriumkarzinom verfolgt das Ziel sowohl die prädiktiven, als auch die prognostischen Aspekte der MMR-Testung zu nutzen und durch einfache und kostengünstige Verfahren sowohl eine Risikostratifizierung bezogen auf das hereditäre Risiko als auch der Subgruppierung der aktuellen Erkrankung zu erreichen. Die stufenweise Testung ermöglicht eine genauere Selektion der Patientinnen, die für eine teure molekulargenetische Analyse in Frage kommen insbesondere durch die Etablierung der MLH1-Methylierungsanalyse als wichtigstes Zusatzdiagnostikum. Der prognostische Wert der MMR-Diagnostik ist aktuell Gegenstand prospektiver Studien. Nichtsdestotrotz hat sich eine MMRd/MSITestung bereits als Biomarker für das Ansprechen auf eine Therapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren etabliert. Die Ergebnisse über die unzureichende Aussagekraft der Familien-/Eigenanamnese basierten Kriterien haben wiederum bestätigt, dass eine Kaskadentestung bei unselektierten Endometriumkarzinomen das beste Screeninginstrument ist und dass die tradierten Verfahren Amsterdam II/revidierte Bethesda/DKG Checkliste nur unzureichend Patientinnen mit einem Risiko für Lynch detektieren. Bezogen auf die Wertigkeit von Familienanamnese konnten wir in unserer weiteren Arbeit zeigen, dass die Checkliste für familiären Brust- und Eierstockkrebs die neuen Erkenntnissen über die Prävalenz von BRCA1/2 Mutationen beim Ovarialkarzinom nicht ausreichend repräsentiert und somit der erhobene Score als Screeninginstrument unzureichend ist. Das lymphonodale Staging spielt als prognostischer Faktor bei den gynäkologischen Malignomen eine herausragende Rolle und ist meist entscheidend für die weitere Stratifizierung und Therapie. In unserer Arbeit zu SLNB-Verfahren beim Vulvakarzinom haben wir demonstriert, dass die Markierung mittels ICG und Fluoreszenzdarstellung ausreichend sicher und durchführbar ist und somit eine deutlich einfachere anzuwendende Methode darstellt als die Radionukleotidmarkierung. Die korrekte Erfassung des Gesundheitszustandes der Patientinnen muss Teil jedes personalisierten Therapieverfahrens sein. Welche Parameter dafür herangezogen werden, ist Gegenstand der Forschung. In unserer Arbeit zur Sarcopenie erfolgte der Nachweis, dass eine Abnahme der Muskelattenuität bei Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Ovarialkarzinom mit anderen ungünstigen Prognosefaktoren assoziiert ist und mit einem schlechteren Gesamtüberleben einhergeht. Angesichts der innovativen Ergebnisse auf molekularer Ebene oder in der Immunonkologie machen die in dieser Dissertation zusammengefassten Arbeiten deutlich, dass auch Innovation und Neubewertung bereits bekannter Ansätze zu einer Optimierung personalisierter Therapien führen können.Establishing a pragmatic screening algorithm for Lynch-Syndrome enables us to efficiently assess the risk for lynch whilst also aiding to implement the new subgroups for risk-stratification in endometrial cancer. The Cascade-Testing algorithm supports a more exact patient selection leading to a better cost-effectiveness by only using expensive germline testing in patients who require it. Especially through the addition of promoter methylation analysis in case of deficient staining of MLH-1. Even though the prognostic value of MMR deficiency is still being evaluated, MMRd/MSI has been established as biomarker for the response to therapy with checkpoint inhibitors. By comparing the family-/personal history-based criteria for the detection of lynchsyndrome with the step by step cascade algorithm, huge deficiency in detection by using only Amsterdam II/revised Bethesda criteria/DKG checklist was identified. In hereditary breast and ovarian cancer we could also show that the sole reliance on family history is insufficient to represent the newest data on the prevalence leading to patients at risk being overlooked and therefore making the checklist an insufficient screening-tool. Lymphnode staging plays a prominent role as a prognostic factor in gynecological malignancies and is usually decisive for further stratification. In our work on SLNB procedures for vulvar cancer, we demonstrated that ICG is a valuable and equally safe agent as radioactive tracing, therefore making sentinel procedure more accessible. Reliable criteria for the assessment of patient performance and health status are essential to the concept of personalized medicine. Our work on Sarcopenia showed that loss of muscle attenuation is associated with poor prognosis markers and leads to a reduction in overall survival. In view of the innovative results at the molecular level and in immuno-oncology, the papers summarized in this dissertation show that innovation and re-evaluation of already known approaches can lead to improved personalized therapy

    Mining the gold of the 21st century

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    We study the role of left-digit bias — a tendency to focus on the leftmost digit of a number — in the rent-price-setting behavior of landlords. We show that there are two types of landlords — which we name charmers and rounders — and that their strategic behavior differs systematically. Using web data on German apartment listings we document that charmers exploit left-digit bias by increasing rent prices at salient apartment-size measures. In contrast, rounders aim to increase rent prices for all apartments, not taking advantage of limited attention. In addition, we provide evidence that landlords exploit behavioral biases to a larger extent in markets that grant them higher market power. Being able to identify heterogeneity in bias-exploiting behavior allows us to further our understanding of how price discontinuities evolve, even in high-stakes settings such as the housing market. How can teams organize for productive online collaboration? The coronavirus pandemic has led to a large and persistent shift toward remote work. Using fine-grained data from the world’s largest platform for open-source software development, we find that although its importance has slightly decreased, geographic proximity still matters for knowledge workers. We find that the pandemic reduced the productivity of previously co-located teams substantially, whereas teams with remote work experience remained resilient. A large set of controls and matching approaches show that this result is not driven by pre-existing differences between co-located and distributed teams. While access to remote talent and experience are important for overall success, our results highlight the crucial role of communication for productive online collaboration. We find suggestive evidence that, with their peers shifting to online work, remote workers become better integrated into their teams’ communication. We conclude that while teams’ performance may suffer from the shift to remote work, setting up systems for effective online communication can help mitigate productivity loss. I study how firms adjust the bundles of management practices they adopt over time, using repeated survey data collected in Germany from 2012 to 2018. Employing unsupervised ma- chine learning, I leverage high-dimensional data on human resource policies to describe clus- ters of management practices (management styles). My results suggest that two management styles exist, one of which employs many and highly structured practices, while the other lacks these practices but retains training measures. I document sizeable differences in styles across German firms, which can (only) partially be explained by firm characteristics. Further, I show that management is highly persistent over time, in part because newly adopted practices are discontinued after a short time. I discuss two potential hindrances to the adoption of struc- tured management, miscalculations of cost-benefit trade-offs and non-fitting corporate culture, which should be further investigated. In light of previous findings that structured management increases firm performance, my findings have important policy implications since they show that firms which are managed in an unstructured way will continue to underperform

    Device activism

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    Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU
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