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Concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb and Cd) in Otolithes ruber (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Damb Fish Landing Centre at Sonmiani, Makran coast, Pakistan
Get PDFFish samples of Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) of various lengths (cm) and weight (g) were collected from Damb Fish Landing Centre at Sonmiani, Balochistan during 15th August 2009 to 15th April 2010. Total (56) fish samples were collected during the two major seasons Northeast Monsoon and Southwest Monsoon. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd were recorded in fish muscles. The mean concentration of Fe (4.23±1.38 μg/g), Mn (0.28±0.18 μg/g) and Cd (0.46±0.06 μg/g) were recorded in NE-monsoon. However Zn (3.34±1.19 μg/g), Cu (0.33±1.14 μg/g), and Pb (0.02±0.01 μg/g) showed highest concentration in SW-monsoon season. The results indicated that Fe concentrations were higher than other metals. Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) were performed in between seasons and metals, the significant difference was observed in Mn (P>0.01 at 0.05) and Pb (P>0.006 at 0.05) between seasons. The order of the metals in the fish samples based on concentrations in the tissues analyzed, as follows: Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Pb>Cd. Results concluded that the concentration of metals did not exceed the permissible limit of the food regulations of international standards. Hence there is no health hazards to humans consuming of O. ruber
PICES Press, Vol. 26, No. 1, Winter 2018
Get PDFPICES science in 2017: A note from the Science Board Chair. 2017 PICES awards. Capacity building: PICES scientists reach out to the next generation of oceanographers in Vladivostok. A MONITOR/TCODE Workshop on “The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating the Arctic II”. New leadership in PICES. PICES Interns. An unusual gelatinous plankton event in the NE Pacific: The Great Pyrosome Bloom of 2017. Building international partnerships to enhance science-based ecosystem approaches. The Bering Sea: Current status and recent trends. The state of the western North Pacific during the 2017 warm season. Ocean acidification and carbon dioxide uptake in the global ocean. In remembrance of Dr. William T. Peterson. Call for Papers - William Peterson Commemorative Issue. Global Ocean Observing System – Biology and Ecosystems Panel report. OceanObs’19 call for Community White Paper abstracts. Calendar of events
On land, at sea, lives matter
Get PDFCyclone Ockhi, which caused large-scale destruction in southern India, should open the eyes of officialdom to both the landward and seaward dimensions of cyclone
NGS barcoding reveals high resistance of a hyperdiverse chironomid (Diptera) swamp fauna against invasion from adjacent freshwater reservoirs
Get PDFBackground. Macroinvertebrates such as non-biting midges (Chironomidae: Diptera) are important components of freshwater ecosystems. However, they are often neglected in biodiversity and conservation research because invertebrate species richness is difficult and expensive to quantify with traditional methods. We here demonstrate that Next Generation Sequencing barcodes (“NGS barcodes”) can provide relief because they allow for fast and large-scale species-level sorting of large samples at low cost. Results. We used NGS barcoding to investigate the midge fauna of Singapore’s swamp forest remnant (Nee Soon Swamp Forest). Based on > 14.000 barcoded specimens, we find that the swamp forest maintains an exceptionally rich fauna composed of an observed number of 289 species (estimated 336 species) in a very small area (90 ha). We furthermore barcoded the chironomids from three surrounding reservoirs that are located in close proximity. Although the swamp forest remnant is much smaller than the combined size of the freshwater reservoirs in the study (90 ha vs. > 450 ha), the latter only contains 33 (estimated 61) species. We show that the resistance of the swamp forest species assemblage is high because only 8 of the 314 species are shared despite the close proximity. Moreover, shared species are not very abundant (3% of all specimens). A redundancy analysis revealed that ~ 21% of the compositional variance of midge communities within the swamp forest was explained by a range of variables with conductivity, stream order, stream width, temperature, latitude (flow direction), and year being significant factors influencing community structure. An LME analysis demonstrates that the total species richness decreased with increasing conductivity. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that midge diversity of a swamp forest can be so high that it questions global species diversity estimates for Chironomidae, which are an important component of many freshwater ecosystems. We furthermore demonstrate that small and natural habitat remnants can have high species turnover and can be very resistant to the invasion of species from neighboring reservoirs. Lastly, the study shows how NGS barcodes can be used to integrate specimen- and species-rich invertebrate taxa in biodiversity and conservation research
Brazil: indigenous rights, shoved out
Get PDFThe Guaranis, indigenous people of Morro dos Cavalos in Brazil, are being displaced from their lands to satisfy the interests of politicians and businesses
Indonesia/coastal communities: reclaiming rights
Get PDFProblems of access and control over food, and changes in consumption and distribution patterns are behind the poor nutritional intake in Indonesia's coastal communities. In 2016, five infants in Aru Island, Maluku, Indonesia, suffered from malnutrition. The five had to be intensively treated in the Regional Hospital of Cendrawasih Dobo, the capital city of Aru Island Regency. The patients were from poor families who suffer from poor nutritional intake. One of the causes of malnutrition in Indonesia is limited access to food in several regions. Problems related to access and control over food, and changes in consumption and distribution patterns are behind the poor nutritional intake
Effect of dietary phytase and wheat bran on some growth performances and phosphorus absorption function of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry
Get PDFIn this study, the effect of dietary phytase and wheat bran on some growth performances and phosphorus absorption function of common carp fry for 60 days was assessed. A total number of 180 common carp fry (20±1 initial weight) was randomly distributed in six experimental groups including, control group without any additive (basal diet), T1 (basal diet+2000 IU/Kg phytase), T2 (basal diet+4000 IU/Kg phytase), T3 (basal diet+20 g/Kg wheat bran), T4 (basal diet+40 g/Kg wheat bran) and T5 (basal diet+2000 IU/Kg phytase+20 g/Kg wheat bran). The highest body weight (150.02±4.76 g), specific growth rate (0.65±0.19%), and condition factor (3.20±0.26%) was observed in T5 (p<0.05). However, the lowest FCR (2.53±0.70) was seen in T5 (p<0.05). Also, the highest phosphorus concentration in the fry bones (2.54±0.003 ppm) was recorded in T5 (p<0.05). Results showed that using of 2000 IU/Kg phytase and 20 g/Kg wheat bran in the diet can improve growth indices and phosphorus absorption rate of common carp fry
Comparative study on bacterial flora of the intestine in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings reared in fiberglass tanks and earthen ponds
Get PDFIn this study, random sampling conducted and 90 individuals of Persian sturgeon having 3-5g weight, collected by trawling in 3 earthen ponds and 15 individuals having 10-20g weight, collected by small net in 3 fiberglass Vans. After recording of biometrical characteristics, the intestine and rearing water were cultured on TSA medium. Gram staining and complementary tests were conducted. In order to identify the bacterial species, various biochemical experiments and diagnosis kit of API 20E (special for gram negative bacteria) applied. According to biometrical recording, in earthen ponds, the mean weight and length of juveniles were 5.59±3.18 and 11.4±2.9, respectively. The results showed that the mean facultative aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts in intestine were 5.59±0.92 (log CFU g ^-1 ) and 6.67±0.34 (log CFU Ml ^-1 ) in Acipenser persicus juveniles and rearing water, respectively.Furthermore, the following bacteria determined in intestine of Persian sturgeon: Aeromonas sp., A.sorbia, A.hydrophyla, Entrobacteriaceae and Corynebacterium. The bacteria in the rearing water were Aeromonas sp. and A.soberia. According to biometrical recording, in fiberglass Vans, the mean weight and length of juveniles were 12.13±2.51g and 15.11±1.13 cm, respectively. The results showed that the mean facultative aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts in intestine were 4.77±0.04 (Log CFU g^ -1 ) and 4.81±1 (Log CFU mL^ -1 ) in A. persicus juveniles and rearing water, respectively. Furthermore, the following bacteria determined in intestine of Persian sturgeon:Aeromonas sp., Micrococcus, Staphylococcus. The bacteria in the rearing water were Aeromonas soberia, Acinetobacter,Moraxella, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus
Study of temperature-curvature relationships in Bi-stable composite laminates
Get PDFThe interest in bi-stable structures comes from their ability that these structures can have two different stable equilibrium configurations to define a discrete set of stable shapes. The geometrical changes occur with no need to continuously consume power, and mechanical hinges to preserve the structure in each stable shape. It is known that asymmetric composite laminates can have bi-stable response to different kind of loadings. In this research, the non-linear temperature-curvature relationship for the asymmetric composite laminates is studied using Rayleigh–Ritz technique. Attention is focused on studying the effect of material temperature dependency and resin layers; especially in the bifurcation point by use of analytical method. To this end, the well-known analytical theories are extended and used to consider the temperature dependency of material. The results obtained from the theory are then compared with the finite element simulations results and a good correlation is obtained. Finally, an experimental investigation is carried out and several specimens with [90/0] T, [70/–20]T and [70/20]T compositions were manufactured. In order to study the effect of resin layers, optical microscopy is utilized and the exact thickness of different layers in the manufactured specimens is determined. The thermal responses of the manufactured plates were measured and used to validate the results obtained from the analytical theory and finite element simulations