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Glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase gene polymorphisms modulate redox potential in systemic lupus erythematosus patients from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
No full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)–Processo: 1094/2013-FAPEAMConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Objective: To investigate the frequency of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase, and SOD2 genetic polymorphisms and their correlation with SLE. Methods: A total of 290 females (patients = 151; controls= 139) were recruited. Multiplex PCR was performed for genotyping GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, whereas real-time qPCR was used for determination of SNPs: CAT C262T, SOD2 C47T, GSTP1 A313G and GSTP1 IVS6 -C16T. Results: Thiol levels are decreased in SLE patients (p<0.001), while MDA levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) and those carrying the polymorphisms had higher rates of oxidative stress. Patients with double null deletion GSTT1null/GSTM1null had a frequency almost five times higher than the controls (p<0.001, OR 4.81, CI 1.98–12.11). SLE patients had a lower wild-type frequency of SOD2CC allele compared to controls (12.4% vs 27.3%). Statistical significances were observed on the association between the GSTT1null and GSTM1null with SOD2mut (p<0.001, OR 0.15, CI 0.05–0.47), with GSTP1 A303G (p=0.012, OR 0.19, CI 0.05–0.69), and with GSTP1 IVS6 (p=0.008, OR 0.14, CI 0.03–0.63). The same was observed between SOD2 C47T with GSTP1 A303G (p=0.09, OR 0.27, CI 0.09–0.74) and GSTP1 IVS6 (p=0.036, OR 0.41, CI 0.18–0.92). Conclusions: The deletion GSTT1null/GSTM1null may contribute to the increased of the oxidative stress in SLE patients. Isolated GSTP1 and CAT polymorphisms do not seem to influence the increased oxidative stress, neither SLE clinical manifestations. SOD2 47CT/TT allele may have greater oxidative stress due to structural change in the protein and decreased H2O2 production. The combination of polymorphic genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease
Termo de Referência - ano 2021: Perfil de competências para preceptores e supervisores dos Programas de Residência em Saúde da Fiocruz
No full textEvaluation of prevention actions for vertical transmission of syphilis in pré-natal Samambaia
No full textO presente estudo avaliou a conformidade das ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical da sífilis no pré-natal de Samambaia/DF aos protocolos do Ministério da Saúde (MS) e Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Distrito Federal (SES/DF). Foi realizado uma avaliação do tipo normativa, nas 13 Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de Samambaia/DF. A avaliação foi pautada nos componentes de estrutura e processos utilizando da dimensão de conformidade e suas subdimensões de disponibilidade, oportunidade e qualidade técnica. A avaliação contou com 89 participantes entre gestores responsáveis pelas etapas do planejamento, das normatizações, das aquisições de insumos e organização dos serviços, além dos profissionais médicos e enfermeiros que atuam na assistência direta. Para o alcance dos resultados foram realizadas três entrevistas, 86 questionários respondidos pelos participantes e 13 checklist realizados pela autora em visitas realizadas nas UBS. Para julgar a conformidade das variáveis elencadas para os componentes de estrutura e processos utilizou-se a pontuação de ≥ 90%. Os resultados encontrados no estudo referente ao componente estrutura, na subdimensão de disponibilidade das UBS, foram do total de 26 variáveis, 10 (38,4%) estavam conforme e 16 (61,5%) não conforme, o que revelou a disponibilidade parcial de preservativos femininos, gel lubrificante e testes para hepatite B. Das 32 variáveis propostas para avaliar o componente processo, no que diz respeito a oportunidade técnica, 13 (40,6%) estão em conformidade, enquanto 29 (59,4%) foram identificadas como não conforme o que reflete na perda de oportunidade diagnóstica, frente a carência nas condutas dos profissionais, quanto a realização de teste para sífilis no segundo e terceiro trimestre, como também para a testagem para sífilis para a parceria. Para verificar a qualidade técnica do estudo foram elencadas sete variáveis entre elas de capacitação, tratamento, gestão e vigilância, estabelecendo como resultado, apenas uma (14,2%) em conformidade, seis 85,8% apresentaram resultado de não conformidade. O estudo possibilitou constatar que para a avaliação do componente estrutura, verificou-se a disponibilidade para15,4% das UBS de Samambaia estão em conformidade, mesmo valor encontrado para a subdimensão de oportunidade técnica, quanto a qualidade técnica a conformidade foi para 7,7%. Logo das ações elencadas nesta avaliação previstas pelo MS e pelas normativas da SES/DF, aqui elencadas apenas o tratamento tempestivo se dá de forma consistente e regular.The present study evaluated the compliance of the actions to prevent vertical transmission of syphilis in prenatal care in Samambaia/DF with the protocols of the Ministry of Health (MS) and the State Health Department of the Federal District (SES/DF). A normative evaluation was carried out in the 13 Basic Health Units (UBS) of Samambaia/DF. The compliance dimension was defined as adherence to the protocols and technical notes, composed of the availability sub-dimensions to verify the structure component, the opportunity and technical quality for the processes. The evaluation had 89 participants, including managers responsible for the stages of planning, standardization, procurement of supplies and organization of services, in addition to medical professionals and nurses who work in direct care. In order to achieve the results, three interviews were carried out, 86 questionnaires were answered by the participants and 13 checklists were carried out by the author during visits to the UBS. To judge the conformity of the variables listed for the structure and process components, a score of ≥ 90% was used. The results found in the study regarding the structure component, in the sub-dimension of availability of the UBS, were from a total of 26 variables, 10 (38.4%) were in compliance and 16 (61.5%) were not, which revealed partial availability, such as female condoms, lubricating gel and tests for hepatitis B. Of the 32 variables proposed to evaluate the process component, with regard to technical opportunity, 13 (40.6%) are in compliance, while 29 (59.4%) were identified as non-compliant, which reflects the loss of diagnostic opportunity, given the lack of professional conduct in relation to perform a test for syphilis in the second and third trimester, as well as for syphilis testing for the partnership. To verify the technical quality of the study, seven variables were listed, including training, treatment, management and surveillance, establishing as a result, only one (14.2%) was in compliance, six 85.8% had a result of non-compliance. The study made it possible to verify that for the evaluation of the structure component, the availability for 15.4% of the UBS in Samambaia is in compliance, the same value found for the sub-dimension of technical opportunity, as for the technical quality, compliance went to 7.7 %. After the actions listed in this assessment provided for by the MS and the SES/DF regulations, only timely treatment is listed here consistently and regularly
Development of influenza virus expressing the antigenic portion of SARS-Cov-2 S protein as a vaccine to prevent Covid19 and flu
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Regime de informação na pesquisa em saúde: uma análise da produção e divulgação do conhecimento na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (2009-2016)
No full textA pesquisa de doutorado teve como objetivo principal analisar a operacionalidade do conceito de regime de informação como recurso teórico e metodológico para compreender a produção e divulgação do conhecimento em uma instituição de pesquisa. Para cumprir o objetivo proposto, foi analisada a produção científica da pesquisadora Maria Nélida González de Gómez relacionada ao conceito de regime de informação. Constatou-se que o conceito é flexível e possibilita utilizar métodos e teorias de diferentes áreas do conhecimento para apoiar a descrição ou interpretação dos diferentes estratos informacionais que configuram o regime de informação. Nesse sentido, o conceito pode ser entendido como um recurso interpretativo e a definição dos recursos metodológicos dependerá das questões de pesquisa e do contexto analisado. Como campo empírico de aplicação da metodologia proposta, foi selecionada a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), uma das principais instituições de pesquisa em saúde na América Latina e Caribe. Como recorte temporal, optou-se em analisar a produção e divulgação do conhecimento entre 2009 e 2016, período correspondente à gestão de Paulo Gadelha na presidência da Instituição. Através de análise de fontes primárias e secundárias, constatou-se que alguns princípios caros à Fiocruz estão presentes desde sua origem, como a autonomia institucional. Outros foram incorporados ao longo dos anos, como a democracia participativa e a defesa do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Observou-se ainda que a Instituição, desde o início, buscou desenvolver infraestruturas informacionais para apoiar o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. No estrato regulatório, discute-se a regulamentação do Estatuto da Instituição, da Política Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Brasil e do Sistema de Avaliação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Para compreender alguns aspectos do estrato semântico, realizou-se análise bibliométrica dos artigos indexados nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science e SciELO para identificar e descrever a produção científica da Fiocruz, a rede de colaboração com outros países, as principais instituições colaboradoras, áreas de pesquisa e periódicos científicos. Ao final, conclui-se que o conceito de regime de informação pode ser um valioso recurso teórico e metodológico para a ciência da informação ao propor a articulação de diferentes aspectos para compreender os fenômenos informacionais, como o político, o tecnológico, o semântico e o gerencial. A análise da Fiocruz permitiu constatar o recrudescimento do regime de informação centrado no mercado, onde o poder formativo e seletivo sobre a informação está distribuído entre o setor público e privado.This research aimed to analyze the operability of the concept of information regime as a theoretical and methodological resource to understand the production and dissemination of knowledge in a research institution. To fulfill the proposed, the scientific production of Maria Nélida González de Gómez related to the concept of information regime was analyzed. It was found that the concept is flexible and it is possible to use methods and theories from different areas to support the description or interpretation of the informational strata that set up the current information regime. In this sense, the concept can be understood as an interpretive resource and the definition of methodological resources will depend on the research questions and the context. For the application of the proposed methodology, it was selected the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), one of the main health research institutes in Latin America and the Caribbean. It was decided to analyze the production and dissemination of knowledge between 2009 and 2016, corresponding to Paulo Gadelha’s administration as president of the institute. Through the analysis of primary and secondary sources, it was found that some of Fiocruz’s principles are present from the beginning, such as institutional autonomy. Others were incorporated over the years, such as participatory democracy and the defense of the Unified Health System (SUS). It was also observed that the Fiocruz, from the beginning, sought to develop informational infrastructure or information artifacts to support the research development. In the regulatory stratum, the regulation of the Institution’s Statute, the National Policy on Science, Technology, and Innovation in Brazil, and the evaluation system of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) are discussed. To understand some aspects of the semantic stratum, a bibliometric analysis of the articles indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases was carried out to identify and describe the Fiocruz’s scientific production, the collaboration network with other countries, the main collaborating institutions, areas of research and scientific journals. In the end, it is concluded that the concept of information regime can be a valuable theoretical and methodological resource for information science by proposing the articulation of different aspects to understand phenomena of information, such as political, technological, semantic, and managerial. Fiocruz’s analysis revealed the intensification of the information system centered on the market, where the formative and selective power over information is distributed between the public and private sectors
Insecticide resistance and underlying targets‑site and metabolic mechanisms in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Lahore, Pakistan
No full textInsecticide resistant Aedes populations have recently been reported in Pakistan, imposing a threat
to their control. We aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
populations from Lahore to WHO-recommended insecticides and to investigate metabolic and
target-site resistance mechanisms. For this purpose, we first carried out bioassays with the larvicides
temephos and pyriproxyfen, and the adulticides malathion, permethrin, deltamethrin, alphacypermethrin,
and etofenprox. We looked for Knockdown resistance mutations (kdr) by qPCR,
High-Resolution Melt (HRM), and sequencing. In order to explore the role of detoxifying enzymes
in resistance, we carried out synergist bioassay with both species and then checked the expression
of CYP9M6, CYP9J10, CYP9J28, CYP6BB2, CCAe3a, and SAP2 genes in Ae. aegypti. Both species
were susceptible to organophosphates and the insect growth regulator, however resistant to all
pyrethroids. We are reporting the kdr haplotypes 1520Ile + 1534Cys and T1520 + 1534Cys in high
frequencies in Ae. aegypti while Ae. albopictus only exhibited the alteration L882M. PBO increased
the sensitivity to permethrin in Ae. aegypti, suggesting the participation of P450 genes in conferring
resistance, and indeed, CYP928 was highly expressed. We presume that dengue vectors in Lahore city
are resistant to pyrethroids, probably due to multiple mechanisms, such as kdr mutations and P450
overexpression
HIV‑1 molecular diversity in Brazil unveiled by 10 years of sampling by the national genotyping network
No full textHIV-1 has diversified into several subtypes and recombinant forms that are heterogeneously spread
around the world. Understanding the distribution of viral variants and their temporal dynamics can
help to design vaccines and monitor changes in viral transmission patterns. Brazil has one of the
largest HIV-1 epidemics in the western-world and the molecular features of the virus circulating in the
country are still not completely known. Over 50,000 partial HIV-1 genomes sampled between 2008
and 2017 by the Brazilian genotyping network (RENAGENO) were analyzed. Sequences were filtered
by quality, duplicate sequences per patient were removed and subtyping was performed with online
tools and molecular phylogeny. Association between patients’ demographic data and subtypes were
performed by calculating the relative risk in a multinomial analysis and trends in subtype prevalence
were tested by Pearson correlation. HIV-1B was found to be the most prevalent subtype throughout
the country except in the south, where HIV-1C prevails. An increasing trend in the proportion of
HIV-1C and F1 was observed in several regions of the country, while HIV-1B tended to decrease. Men
and highly educated individuals were more frequently infected by HIV-1B and non-B variants were
more prevalent among women with lower education. Our results suggest that socio-demographic
factors partially segregate HIV-1 diversity in Brazil while shaping viral transmission networks.
Historical events could explain a preferential circulation of HIV-1B among men who have sex with
men (MSM) and non-B variants among heterosexual individuals. In view of an increasing male/female
ratio of AIDS cases in Brazil in the last 10–15 years, the decrease of HIV-1B prevalence is surprising and
suggests a greater penetrance of non-B subtypes in MSM transmission chains
Pathological effects of Echinostoma paraensei infection associated with pyogenic abscesses caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Swiss Miece
No full textThe trematode Echinostoma paraensei is an intestinal parasite transmitted by ingestion of the
infectious stage of metacercariae. For scientific purposes, its life cycle has been maintained
in the laboratory, allowing analysis using various biological approaches. Different parasite
isolates have revealed atypical patterns of migration and establishment in ectopic sites in Swiss Webster mice. During the investigation of the biological life cycle of an E. paraensei isolate
from the silvatic rodent Nectomys squamipes collected in the municipality of Rio Bonito (State
of Rio de Janeiro), a bacterial coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed, which
produced anatomopathological alterations, mainly in the liver, bile ducts, pancreas, and small
intestine. The main macroscopic signs were the whitish suppurative pyogenic punctual lesions.
The histological sections stained by hematoxylin-eosin showed an intense inflammatory
reaction formed by mononuclear cells and macrophages surrounding the bile ducts, although
the hepatic parenchyma still presented its normal aspect. Thus, pyogenic abscesses can be
associated with E. paraensei infection depending on the strain and aggravating pathogenesis
in the definitive host
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Rodents during the Epizootic and Enzootic Periods of Plague, with a Focus on Exu, Northeastern Brazil
No full textThe plague caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium is primarily a flea-transmitted zoonosis of rodents that can also be conveyed to humans and other mammals. In this work, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of rodent populations during epizootic and enzootic periods of the plague in the municipality of Exu, northeastern Brazil. The geospatial analyses showed that all the rodent species appeared through the whole territory of the municipality, with different occurrence hotspots for the different species. Important fluctuations in the rodent populations were observed, with a reduction in the wild rodent fauna following the end of a plague epizootic period, mostly represented by Necromys lasiurus and an increase in the commensal species Rattus rattus. A higher abundance of rats might lead to an increased exposure of human populations, favoring spillovers of plague and other rodent-borne diseases. Our analysis highlights the role of wild rodent species as amplifier hosts and of commensal rats (R. rattus) as preserver hosts in the enzootic period of a specific transmission infection area
RADIS: Comunicação e Saúde, número 222, março
No full textRADIS é uma publicação da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, editada pelo Programa Radis (Reunião, Análise e Difusão de Informação sobre Saúde), da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (Ensp).O texto destaca a chegada do mês de março, um momento que simboliza mudanças de estação e renovação. No entanto, embora haja comemorações importantes neste mês, como o Dia Internacional das Mulheres e outras datas significativas, março também ficará marcado por tragédias e desafios relacionados à pandemia de covid-19.
Destaca-se a exposição virtual "Zika: vidas que afetam", que traz fotografias emocionantes e reais relacionadas às consequências do vírus Zika. O texto também apresenta histórias de mulheres guerreiras que enfrentam desafios como mães de crianças com microcefalia, lutando contra as desigualdades sociais, raciais e de gênero. Além disso, o texto menciona o Dia Internacional de Mulheres e Meninas na Ciência, destacando a importância da representatividade feminina em áreas tecnológicas e científicas para alcançar os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, a pandemia de covid-19 continua a assolar o país, com números alarmantes de mortes e uma resposta inadequada por parte do governo. A desigualdade econômica e social é evidente na distribuição desigual das mortes, afetando principalmente os mais vulneráveis. Apesar das tragédias, o texto ressalta momentos de esperança e empatia, como a alegria dos idosos ao receberem a vacina contra a covid-19, alimentando a esperança de um futuro melhor e a possibilidade de reencontrar seus entes queridos