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Electronic Laboratory Notebook as an instrument of synergy, innovation and scientific sustainability
No full textEsta é uma dissertação profissional, desenvolvida sobre um tema de pesquisa com potencial de aplicação na Fiocruz. Parte da percepção que a geração e a transformação dos dados de pesquisa contemporâneos estão, crescentemente, em formato digital. Leva ainda em consideração a importância de um completo ciclo de vida dos dados, que pode ser facilitado com a inclusão de ferramentas eletrônicas de registro e guarda, conhecidas por Cadernos Eletrônicos de Laboratório (ELN), que assumam parte da tarefa de preservar as informações de maneira adequada de acordo com as Boas Práticas de Pesquisa. A busca pelo tema ganha força ao avaliar que há uma grande quantidade de Cadernos Eletrônicos de Laboratório disponíveis no mercado em contraponto à baixa adesão no meio acadêmico mundial. Como pressuposto de que os Cadernos Eletrônicos de Laboratório podem contribuir na qualidade das informações das pesquisas, desempenhando papel importante na cadeia de desenvolvimento da ciência e da tecnologia, como objetivo geral, buscamos propor parâmetros para a construção de um Caderno Eletrônico de Laboratório voltado aos laboratórios de pesquisa da Fiocruz, embasados nas necessidades identificadas da área de pesquisa biomédica da Fiocruz para a adoção de registro nestas ferramentas digitais. Situado pelo arcabouço teórico e por poucos estudos ou iniciativas sobre o tema na Fiocruz, foi feito um recorte para nosso trabalho, encontrando no Programa de Pesquisa Translacional uma diversidade que representa a pesquisa biomédica institucional, e foi considerado, para alcançar o objetivo principal, as necessidades das áreas de pesquisa, buscando conhecer como são realizadas as coletas, os registros dos dados de pesquisa e os maiores problemas enfrentados para manutenção das informações nos laboratórios. Como conclusão, esta pesquisa, apesar de não ser exaustiva, descreveu os melhores parâmetros e as principais dificuldades para a adoção de Cadernos Eletrônicos de Laboratório para a pesquisa biomédica na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Com o conhecimento alcançado, sugerimos algumas estratégias para institucionalização dos ELN na Fiocruz.This is a professional dissertation, developed on a research topic with potential application at Fiocruz. It starts from the perception that the generation and transformation of contemporary research data are, increasingly, in digital format. It also takes into account the importance of a complete data life cycle, which can be facilitated with the inclusion of electronic recording and storage tools, known as Electronic Laboratory Notebooks (ELN), which take on part of the task of preserving appropriately in accordance with Good Research Practices. The search for the theme gains strength when evaluating that there is a large amount of Electronic Laboratory Notebooks available in the market in contrast to the low adherence in the world academic environment. Assuming that Electronic Laboratory Notebooks can contribute to the quality of research information, playing an important role in the science and technology development chain, as a general objective, we seek to propose parameters for the construction of an Electronic Laboratory Notebook aimed at laboratories of research at Fiocruz, based on the identified needs of Fiocruz's biomedical research area for the adoption of registration in these digital tools. Based on the theoretical framework and by few studies or initiatives on the subject at Fiocruz, a cut was made for our work, finding in the Translational Research Program a diversity that represents institutional biomedical research, and it was considered, to achieve the main objective, the needs of the research areas, seeking to know how the collections are carried out, the records of research data and the biggest problems faced for the maintenance of information in the laboratories. In conclusion, this research, although not exhaustive, described the best parameters and the main difficulties for the adoption of Electronic Laboratory Notebooks for biomedical research at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. With the knowledge gained, we suggest some strategies for institutionalizing the ELN at Fiocruz
Bem Viver: Saúde Mental Indígena
No full textSérie Saúde & Amazônia, v.12.O livro retrata o impacto na saúde mental das comunidades indígenas da região norte do Brasil, frente a pandemia da COVID-19, abrangendo aspectos como violência, abuso de substâncias (álcool e drogas) e suicídio.Apoiado pela Agência dos Estados Unidos para o Desenvolvimento Internacional - USAID.202
Language delay was associated with a smaller head circumference at birth in asymptomatic infants prenatally exposed to the Zika virus
No full textAim: Our aim was to analyse 12-month outcomes of children who were prenatally exposed to the Zika virus and asymptomatic at birth.
Methods: This was an observational, exploratory study of infants exposed to the Zika virus during gestation and born between March 2016 and April 2017 without congenital Zika syndrome. They were followed until the age of 22 months. The outcome measure was neurodevelopment at 12 months of life, which was evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third edition (Bayley-III). The scores were adjusted for maternal education and prematurity.
Results: A total of 96 infants were included in the study and 35.4% scored below the normal range in at least one Bayley-III domain. The majority (91.2%) of the infants with delayed scores presented with language delay, which was not associated with the gestational age at exposure. Receptive language was more affected by exposure than expressive language (27.0% vs 19.8%). There was a direct, and significant, association between the head circumference Z-score at birth and language delay.
Conclusion: Language delay was associated with a smaller head circumference at birth in infants prenatally exposed to the Zika virus and born asymptomatic. This may indicate future learning difficulties
Análise da liberação de NETs por neutrófilos de pessoas vivendo com HIV, e seu efeito sobre a replicação do HIV-1 em macrófagos
No full textA liberação das redes extracelulares é um mecanismo da resposta imune inata mediada por neutrófilos, que se caracteriza pela exteriorização de cromatina associada a proteínas de grânulos e citoplasmáticas sob a forma de uma rede/armadilha (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps – NETs). Neutrófilos liberam NETs após sua ativação por inúmeros agentes, inclusive o HIV-1, o qual é retido e inativado por essas redes. Estudo prévio de nosso grupo demonstrou que NETs liberadas por neutrófilos de indivíduos saudáveis inibem fortemente a replicação do HIV-1 em macrófagos infectados in vitro. Embora o cenário da infecção pelo HIV-1 favoreça o recrutamento e ativação de neutrófilos, e a indução de NETs, não está claro se neutrófilos de pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVH) liberam NETs in vitro e se essas estruturas estão presentes no plasma. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar essa liberação in vitro, e se as NETs são capazes de modificar a replicação viral em macrófagos. Observou-se níveis elevados de complexos DNA-elastase no plasma, que se correlacionam positivamente com a concentração de LPS circulante, e que os neutrófilos desses indivíduos são capazes de liberar NETs in vitro mediante ativação com IL-8 e TNF-α. Isto sugere que a infecção pelo HIV-1 amplia a formação e a circulação de NETs e que a translocação microbiana pode contribuir para esse fenômeno. Observou-se também que as NETs reduzem a replicação viral em macrófagos infectados in vitro pelo HIV-1 e que a mieloperoxidase recombinante é capaz de reproduzir essa inibição. Além disso, foi verificada uma redução na integração do cDNA viral ao genoma da célula hospedeira, o que explica, pelo menos em parte, a inibição da replicação pelas NETs. Estes resultados indicam, portanto, a participação das NETs na fisiopatogenia da infecção pelo HIV-1.NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) release is an innate immune mechanism mediated by neutrophils, characterized by chromatin exteriorization associated with granule and cytoplasmic proteins. Neutrophils release NETs upon their activation by a number of agents, including HIV-1, which is entrapped and inactivated by these traps. We recently observed that NETs released by neutrophils from healthy individuals inhibit HIV-1 replication in in vitro infected macrophages. Although the clinical conditions of HIV-1 infection favor the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, and NETs release, it is not clear if the neutrophils from people living with HIV are able to release NETs in vitro, and if these structures are present in the plasma. Thus, the present study armed to investigate the release of NETs in vitro, by neutrophils from HIVpatients, and their potential to interfere with HIV-1 replication in macrophages. We report that people living with HIV have high levels of DNA-elastase complexes in the plasma, which positively correlate with the concentration of circulating LPS, and that neutrophils from these individuals are able to release NETs in vitro upon activation with IL-8 and TNF-α. These findings suggest that HIV-1 infection increases the formation and circulation of NETs and that microbial translocation possibly contributes to this phenomenon. We also observed that NETs reduce viral replication in in vitro HIV-1- infected-macrophages, and that recombinant myeloperoxidase is able to reproduce this inhibition. In addition, we investigated NETs’ effect on HIV-1 replicative cycle, and found a reduced integration of the viral cDNA into the host cell genome, which explains, at least in part, the inhibition of viral replication. Therefore, these results indicate the participation of NETs in the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection
Understanding pain and physic suffering of caregivers and patients with Parkinson´s Disease
No full textBackground: Parkinson’s disease may affect individual’s quality of life, once it interferes in their functional capacity. Caregivers can also have their quality of life compromised due to the difficulty of dealing with complex manifestations of the disease, so it might be possible they assume the position of a hidden patient, suffering from the overload of the function, wich contribute for their illness. Method: Search in PubMed and Scielo databases, with a total of nine selected articles. Results and Discussion: Emotional, social, physical factors and personal characteristics might interfere in caregivers’ quality of life. In addition, patients and family members may also have impaired quality of life. Thus, it is important for these professionals, subjects affected by Parkinson’s disease and family members to participate in support groups is necessary in order to share feelings experienced in daily life. Conclusion: Therefore, it was possible to verify that caregivers also needs guidance and support to deal with the problems provided by caring for the others
Insecticide resistance and genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
No full textVector control largely relies on neurotoxic chemicals, and insecticide resistance (IR) directly
threatens their effectiveness. In some cases, specific alleles cause IR, and knowledge of
the genetic diversity and gene flow among mosquito populations is crucial to track their
arrival, rise, and spread. Here we evaluated Aedes aegypti populations’ susceptibility status,
collected in 2016 from six different municipalities of Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), to temephos,
pyriproxyfen, malathion, and deltamethrin. We collected eggs of Ae. aegypti in Campos dos
Goytacazes (Cgy), Itaperuna (Ipn), Iguaba Grande (Igg), Itaboraı´ (Ibr), Mangaratiba (Mgr),
and Vassouras (Vsr). We followed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and
investigated the degree of susceptibility/resistance of mosquitoes to these insecticides. We
used the Rockefeller strain as a susceptible positive control. We genotyped the V1016I and
F1534C knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles using qPCR TaqMan SNP genotyping assay.
Besides, with the use of Ae. aegypti SNP-chip, we performed genomic population analyses
by genotyping more than 15,000 biallelic SNPs in mosquitoes from each population. We
added previous data from populations from other countries to evaluate the ancestry of RJ
populations.
All RJ Ae. aegypti populations were susceptible to pyriproxyfen and malathion and highly
resistant to deltamethrin. The resistance ratios for temephos was below 3,0 in Cgy, Ibr, and
Igg populations, representing the lowest rates since IR monitoring started in this Brazilian
region. We found the kdr alleles in high frequencies in all populations, partially justifying the
observed resistance to pyrethroid. Population genetics analysis showed that Ae. aegypti
revealed potential higher migration among some RJ localities and low genetic structure for
most of them. Future population genetic studies, together with IR data in Ae aegypti on a
broader scale, can help us predict the gene flow within and among the Brazilian States,
allowing us to track the dynamics of arrival and changes in the frequency of IR alleles, and
providing critical information to improving vector control program
Cinemateca Brasileira: el secuestro y la destrucción de nuestra memoria audiovisual
No full textEduardo Morettin da Universidade de São Paulo, da Escola de Comunicações e Artes teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Feminismos: perspectivas em comunicação e informação em saúde, parte 2 v. 15 n.3 (2021)Esta nota trata da crise que atingiu a Cinemateca Brasileira desde 2019, historiando os seus motivos e avaliando os danos provocados pelas últimas ações governamentais. O empenho em descrever neste trabalho as atividades da Cinemateca Brasileira e o que ela representa para toda a sociedade aponta para a convicção de que, mesmo em meio à gravidade do quadro atual, a instituição sobreviverá. Não será por vontade do atual governo ou por virtude de moto-contínuo, mas pela reação da nossa sociedade civil e da Justiça de nosso país ao conjunto de desacertos que a atingiu em cheio.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThis note deals with the crisis that has been affecting the Cinemateca Brasileira since 2019, revealing the history of the reasons for that turn of events and evaluating the damages brought about by the last governmental actions relating to the institution. The endeavour to describe in this work the activities developed by Cinemateca Brasileira and what it represents to society as a whole points out a conviction that in spite of the gravity of current situation the institution will survive. This might not be true by the will of the current government or by virtue of perpetual motion, but this might happen by reaction of our civil society and of the Courts of Justice of our country against a set of faults which affected it completely.Esta nota trata de la crisis que afecta a la Cinemateca Brasileira desde 2019, historiando los motivos que la ocasionan y evaluando los daños provocados por las últimas acciones gubernamentales relacionadas con la institución. El esfuerzo por describir en este trabajo las actividades que la Cinemateca Brasileira desarrolla y lo que ella representa para la sociedad en su conjunto apunta a la convicción de que a pesar de la gravedad de la situación actual, la institución sobrevivirá. Puede que esto no sea así por voluntad del actual gobierno o en virtud del móvil perpetuo, pero sí puede suceder por reacción de nuestra sociedad civil y de los Tribunales de Justicia de nuestro país ante un conjunto de desaciertos que la afectaron por completo
Mitogenome of Coprophanaeus ensifer and phylogenetic analysis of the Scarabaeidae family (Coleoptera)
No full textSeveral studies about the phylogenetic relationships of the Scarabaeinae subfamily (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) have been performed, but some phylogenetic uncertainties persist including the relationship and monophyly of different tribes and some genera. The aim of this study was to characterize the mitogenome of Coprophanaeus ensifer in order to establish its position within the Scarabaeidae family and to contribute to the resolution of some phylogenetic uncertainties. The mitogenome was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 4000, assembled using the Mitobim software and annotated in MITOS WebServer. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by Bayesian inference. The C. ensifer mitogenome is a molecule of 14,964 bp that contains the number and organization of the genes similar to those of most Coleoptera species. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggests monophyly of the tribe Phanaeini and supports the hypothesis that Coprini is a sister group of Phanaeini. The results also revealed the position of the tribe Oniticellini which is grouped with Onthophagini and Onitini. The geographic distribution of these species that form the most ancestral clade suggests with Scarabaeinae originated in Africa
Expansion of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in northern Brazil: new records and distribution in urban areas of Macapa city
No full textNew investigations using ovitraps showed its presence the Aedes albopictus Skuse, 1894) in four neighborhoods in the metropolitan region of Macapa, capital of Amapa, Brazil. An Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) Infestation Index Rapid Survey (LIRAa) held in January 2020 indicated the presence of Ae. albopictus in 10 different neighborhoods, demonstrating increase dispersion in the municipality. Monitoring the distribution of Ae. albopictus is necessary due to related arboviruses transmission, such as Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. Therefore, this research is relevant to public health in Brazil
Immune response dynamics and Lutzomyia longipalpis exposure characterize a biosignature of visceral leishmaniasis susceptibility in a canine cohort
No full textFundac¸ão de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da
Bahia-FAPESB (N˚SUS0036/2013 and PET0024/
2013 to C.I.B.); a grant from the Conselho Nacional
de Desenvolvimento Cientı´fico e Tecnolo´gico
(402670/2012-4 to C.I.B. and 400898/2013-6 to P.
S.T.V.); grants from the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenc¸as Tropicais (INCTDT)
(to D. B. M. F. and P. S. T. V.), from the
Intramural Research Programs at the NIAID, NIH,
USA (S.K., J.V.) and the Instituto Nacional de
Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigac¸ão em
Imunologia (III-INCT) (to C. I. B.). PrInt Fiocruz-
Capes (grant n˚01/2021) to C.I.B. and D.B.M.F. The
funders had no role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of
the manuscript.Reports have shown correlations between the immune response to vector saliva and Leishmaniasis
outcome. We followed dogs in an endemic area for two years characterizing resistance
or susceptibility to canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) according to Leishmania
infantum diagnosis and clinical development criteria. Then, we aimed to identify a biosignature
based on parasite load, serum biological mediators’ interactions, and vector exposure
intensity associated with CVL resistance and susceptibility.
Methodology/Principal findings
A prospective two-year study was conducted in an area endemic for CVL. Dogs were evaluated
at 6-month intervals to determine infection, clinical manifestations, immune profile, and
sandfly exposure. CVL resistance or susceptibility was determined upon the conclusion of
the study. After two years, 78% of the dogs were infected with L. infantum (53% susceptible
and 47% resistant to CVL). Susceptible dogs presented higher splenic parasite load as well
as persistence of the parasite during the follow-up, compared to resistant ones. Susceptible
dogs also displayed a higher number of correlations among the investigated biological mediators,
before and after infection diagnosis. At baseline, anti-saliva antibodies, indicative of
exposure to the vector, were detected in 62% of the dogs, reaching 100% in one year.
Higher sandfly exposure increased the risk of susceptibility to CVL by 1.6 times (CI: 1.11–2.41). We identified a discriminatory biosignature between the resistant and susceptible
dogs assessing splenic parasite load, interaction of biological mediators, PGE2 serum levels
and intensity of exposure to sandfly. All these parameters were elevated in susceptible dogs
compared to resistant animals.
Conclusions/Significance
The biosignature identified in our study reinforces the idea that CVL is a complex multifactorial
disease that is affected by a set of factors which are correlated and, for a better understanding
of CVL, should not be evaluated in an isolated way