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Potato apyrase reduces granulomatous area and increases presence of multinucleated giant cells in murine schistosomiasis
No full textGranulomas are inflammatory tissue responses directed to a set of antigens. Trapped Schistosoma mansoni eggs promote productive granulomas in the tissues, and they are the main damage caused by schistosomiasis. Some S. mansoni antigenic proteins may have a direct involvement in the resolution of the granulomatous response. The ATP diphosphohydrolases isoforms of this parasite are immunogenic, expressed in all phases of the parasite life cycle and secreted by eggs and adult worms. Potato apyrase is a vegetable protein that cross-reactive with parasite ATP diphosphohydrolases isoforms. In this study, the vegetable protein was purified, before being inoculated in C57BL/6 mice that were later infected with cercariae. Sixty days after infection, adult worms were recovered, antibodies and cytokines were measured, and morphological granuloma alterations evaluated. Immunization of the animals induced significant levels of IgG and IgG1 antibodies and IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5 cytokines, but not IL-13, suggesting that potato apyrase is an immunoregulatory protein. Supporting this hypothesis, it was found that liver damage associated with schistosomiasis was mitigated, reducing the size of the areas affected by granuloma to 35% and increasing the presence of multinucleated giant cells in this environment. In conclusion, potato apyrase was found to be effective immunomodulatory antigen for murine schistosomiasis
Fiocruz desenvolve novas vacinas para enfrentar Covid-19
No full textEm colaboração com Ricardo Valverde (Agência Fiocruz de Notícias)Com o início da produção da vacina de Oxford/AstraZeneca-Fiocruz em território nacional, e a entrega de lotes ao Ministério da Saúde, esta etapa começa a dar os primeiros resultados à sociedade brasileira. Ainda este ano, o país terá uma vacina produzida totalmente no Brasil e já neste primeiro semestre será iniciada a fabricação dos primeiros lotes do insumo farmacêutico ativo (IFA), que deverá estar disponível para a população no segundo semestre. Será uma vacina 100% produzida no Brasil. Mas a Fiocruz continua, de forma complementar, apoiando o desenvolvimento de outros projetos que levem a novos imunizantes contra a Covid-19. O novo coronavírus é um grande desafio que possivelmente veio para ficar e, até onde a vista alcança, ainda serão necessárias muitas doses da vacina, não apenas em 2021, mas também além. No momento, a Fiocruz desenvolve sete outras vacinas, com parceiros diversos, nacionais e estrangeiros. Segundo o vice-presidente de Produção e Inovação em Saúde da Fundação, Marco Aurélio Krieger, obter o domínio das novas plataformas tecnológicas de desenvolvimento de vacinas dará ao Brasil melhores condições de enfrentar não apenas a atual pandemia mas também novos desafios de saúde pública
Plano Diretor de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicações: 2020-2021
No full textDocumento elaborado pela equipe do PDTIC (EqEPDTIC) tendo como base a revisão do PDTIC 2018-2019, e que possui validade até 31 de dezembro de 2021, podendo ser revisado semestralmente, ou a qualquer tempo, conforme necessidade e interesse da Administração.Sob a coordenação do CGovTIC, foi construído o Plano Estratégico de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicações (PETIC), onde são estabelecidas as diretrizes e as metas que orientam a construção do Plano Diretor da Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicações (PDTIC), instrumento de planejamento e gestão que visa nortear e acompanhar a atuação da área de TIC, definindo as estratégias e o plano de ações para implementá-las. O escopo de elaboração do PDTIC envolve o planejamento em TIC de toda a estrutura que compõe a Fiocruz, a saber: Presidência, Órgãos Colegiados, Órgãos de Assistência Direta e Imediata ao Presidente, Vice-presidências, Unidade Descentralizada, Órgãos Seccionais, Escritórios Regionais e Órgãos Específicos Singulares. Desta forma, este PDTIC será o instrumento mestre para o planejamento e a execução das ações de TIC, sempre em constante evolução da instituição. É ele que possibilitará o melhor aproveitamento dos recursos aplicados em TIC, reduzindo desperdícios, permitindo controles e aplicando os recursos nas ações definidas pelo órgão como relevantes para sociedade, Estado e serviço público
Personificación del SIDA en el periódico Correio de Notícias (PR), 1987 a 1992
No full textJosé Augusto Leandro da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, do Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, do Departamento de História teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Comunicação, Saúde e Crises Globais: parte 2 v. 15 n.1 (2021)Marcos Vinícius Barszcz da Faculdade Sant'Ana, do Departamento de Psicologia teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Comunicação, Saúde e Crises Globais: parte 2 v. 15 n.1 (2021)O artigo analisa as representações sociais sobre sujeitos identificados com sorologia positiva para HIV e/ou adoecidos pela aids veiculadas pelo periódico Correio de Notícias entre os anos de 1987 e 1992. Buscou-se perceber como um veículo de comunicação com circulação expressiva no estado do Paraná construiu uma determinada imagem encarnada do soropositivo para o HIV, em um período em que a AIDS era comumente considerada um vaticínio de morte e no qual a imprensa correntemente utilizava-se do termo 'aidético'. A partir dos dados obtidos, fez-se análise de conteúdo das matérias jornalísticas, com suporte na teoria das Representações Sociais. Identificou-se uma pluralidade de categorias temáticas, sobressaindo-se um conjunto de representações cujo significado mais imediato reforçou a estigmatização da pessoa com HIV e/ou adoecida pela AIDS a partir de sua associação com crime, delito e contravenção.The article analyzes the social representations of people with HIV and/or sick of AIDS that were published by the newspaper Correio de Notícias between 1987 and 1992. The main purpose of the analysis was to understand how a newspaper of significant circulation in the state of Paraná built a certain stereotypic image of people HIV-positive at a time when the disease was considered a death prediction. From the obtained data, a content analysis of the journalistic materials was made, with support from the theory of the Social Representations. The survey identified a plurality of thematic categories with a set of representations whose most immediate significance reinforced the stigmatization of the person with HIV and/or sick of AIDS with an association with crime and misdemeanor.El artículo analiza las representaciones sociales de personas con VIH y/o enfermo de SIDA vehiculadas por el periódico Correio de Notícias entre 1987 y 1992. El propósito principal del análisis fue comprender cómo un periódico de circulación expresiva en el estado de Paraná construyó una determinada imagen encarnada del VIH positivo, en un período en que la enfermedad se consideraba una predicción de muerte. A partir de los datos obtenidos, se realizó un análisis de contenido de los materiales periodísticos, con el apoyo de la teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. El análisis identificó una pluralidad de categorías temáticas con un conjunto de representaciones cuyo significado más inmediato reforzó la estigmatización de la persona con VIH y/o con manifestación de estar enfermo de SIDA con una asociación con el crimen, el delito y otros desórdenes
Cross-reactivity and immunotherapeutic potential of BamA recombinant protein from Acinetobacter baumannii
No full textAcinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen. BamA is a protein that belongs to a complex responsible for organizing the proteins on the bacterial outer membrane. In this work, we aimed to evaluate murine immune responses to BamA recombinant protein (rAbBamA) from A. baumannii in an animal model of infection, and to assess cross-reactivity of this target for the development of anti-A. baumannii vaccines or diagnostics. Immunization of mice with rAbBamA elicited high antibody titers and antibody recognition of native A. baumannii BamA. Immunofluorescence also detected binding to the bacterial surface. After challenge, immunized mice demonstrated a 40% survival increase and better bacterial clearance in kidneys. Immunoblot of anti-rAbBamA against other medically relevant bacteria showed binding to proteins of approximately 35 kDa in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli lysates, primarily identified as OmpA and OmpC, respectively. Altogether, our data show that anti-rAbBamA antibodies provide a protective response against A. baumannii infection in mice. However, the response elicited by immunization with rAbBamA is not completely specific to A. baumannii. Although a broad-spectrum vaccine that protects against various pathogens is an appealing strategy, antibody reactivity against the human microbiota is undesired. In fact, immunization with rAbBamA produced noticeable effects on the gut microbiota. However, the changes elicited were small and non-specific, given that no significant changes in the abundance of Proteobacteria were observed. Overall, rAbBamA is a promising target, but specificity must be considered in the development of immunological tools against A. baumannii
Southeast Network of Institutional Repositories: sharing experiences, scientific knowledge and projects
No full textTrabalho publicado na Revista Páginas a&b: arquivos e bibliotecas, 3ª série. Nº especial ConfOA 2020 (2021). Número completo disponível em: https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/46451.O IBICT coordena a Rede Brasileira de Repositórios Institucionais de Publicações Científicas de Acesso Aberto, apoiando as cinco regiões do Brasil na implementação das suas redes regionais de repositórios (ASSIS, 2019). Em 3 de outubro de 2017, foi formulada a “Carta do Rio”2, em que subscreveram instituições de ensino e pesquisa, com o objetivo de reunir esforços em prol da criação da Rede Sudeste de Repositórios Institucionais (Sudeste/RIAA). Em 2017, a Rede era composta por 15 instituições e em 2020 por 68
(dados de agosto 2020). A rede promove o compartilhamento de informações e experiências através da realização de reuniões e eventos e tem como objetivo principal garantir o acesso de forma aberta, gratuita e pública, ao conhecimento produzido pelas Instituições (QUEIROZ, 2019)
The impact of super‑spreader cities, highways, and intensive care availability in the early stages of the COVID‑19 epidemic in Brazil
No full textAlthough international airports served as main entry points for SARS-CoV-2, the factors driving the
uneven geographic spread of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil remain mostly unknown. Here
we show that three major factors infuenced the early macro-geographical dynamics of COVID-19
in Brazil. Mathematical modeling revealed that the “super-spreading city” of São Paulo initially
accounted for more than 85% of the case spread in the entire country. By adding only 16 other
spreading cities, we accounted for 98–99% of the cases reported during the frst 3 months of the
pandemic in Brazil. Moreover, 26 federal highways accounted for about 30% of SARS-CoV-2’s case
spread. As cases increased in the Brazilian interior, the distribution of COVID-19 deaths began to
correlate with the allocation of the country’s intensive care units (ICUs), which is heavily weighted
towards state capitals. Thus, severely ill patients living in the countryside had to be transported
to state capitals to access ICU beds, creating a “boomerang efect” that contributed to skew the
distribution of COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, if (i) a lockdown had been imposed earlier on in spreader capitals, (ii) mandatory road trafc restrictions had been enforced, and (iii) a more equitable
geographic distribution of ICU beds existed, the impact of COVID-19 in Brazil would be signifcantly
lower
Meio de Cultura: variações dos meios de cultura
No full textdubladoVídeo integrante do Curso Princípios básicos do cultivo de células de mamíferos, que aborda o subtema, Meio de Cultura: Variações dos meios de culturaFiocruzMP4Tópicos em cultura de células de mamíferosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologi
Identification of Risk Areas for Intestinal Schistosomiasis, Based on Malacological and Environmental Data and on Reported Human Cases
No full textThe aim of the present study was to use an integrated approach for the identification of risk areas for Schistosoma mansoni transmission in an area of low endemicity in Minas Gerais, Brazil. For that, areas of distribution of Biomphalaria glabrata were identified and were related to environmental variables and communities with reported schistosomiasis cases, in order to determine the risk of infection by spatial analyses with predictive models. The research was carried out in the municipality of Alvorada de Minas, with data obtained between the years 2017 and 2019 inclusive. The Google Earth Engine was used to obtain geo-climatic variables (temperature, precipitation, vegetation index and digital elevation model), R software to determine Pearson's correlation and MaxEnt software to obtain an ecological model. ArcGis Software was used to create maps with data spatialization and risk maps, using buffer models (diameters: 500, 1,000 and 1,500 m) and CoKriging. Throughout the municipality, 46 collection points were evaluated. Of these, 14 presented snails of the genus Biomphalaria. Molecular analyses identified the presence of different species of Biomphalaria, including B. glabrata. None of the snails eliminated S. mansoni cercariae. The distribution of B. glabrata was more abundant in areas of natural vegetation (forest and cerrado) and, for spatial analysis (Buffer), the main risk areas were identified especially in the main urban area and toward the northern and eastern extensions of the municipality. The distribution of snails correlated with temperature and precipitation, with the latter being the main variable for the ecological model. In addition, the integration of data from malacological surveys, environmental characterization, fecal pontamination, and data from communities with confirmed human cases, revealed areas of potential risk for infection in the northern and eastern regions of the municipality. In the present study, information was integrated on epidemiological aspects, transmission and risk areas for schistosomiasis in a small, rural municipality with low endemicity. Such integrated methods have been proposed as important tools for the creation of schistosomiasis transmission risk maps, serve as an example for other communities and can be used for control actions by local health authorities, e.g., indicate priority sectors for sanitation measures
Genomic analysis reveals the potential for hydrocarbon degradation of Rhodopirellula sp. MGV isolated from a polluted Brazilian mangrove
No full textPlanctomycetes are bacteria found in several environments, such as mangroves. In the coastline of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazilian Southeast), mangroves occur in different stages of environmental contamination, promoted by the proximity to the city and industrial activities. One of these mangroves (located in the city of Bertioga) is characterized by the high impact due to past petroleum and ongoing urban contamination. We isolated five bacteria affiliated to Planctomycetes from this mangrove and further subjected them to phenotypical and genetic analysis. The tolerance for salinity was demonstrated by the cultivation under distinct concentrations of NaCl. The ability of this bacterium to use diverse carbon sources was revealed by the use of 30 C-sources from a total of 31 tests. We found the isolate Rhodopirellula sp. MGV very closely affiliated to species of the genus Rhodopirellula, harboring a genome with 7.16 Mbp and 55.3% of GC. The annotation of the 77 contigs resulted in 6.284 CDS, with a remarkable occurrence of sequences associated with aromatic carbon metabolism. In conclusion, we present the isolation and characterization of a Planctomycetes from mangroves, suggesting its participation in the degradation of hydrocarbons present in the contaminated mangroves studied