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Cetoacidose Diabética na Infância
No full textO adequado diagnóstico e tratamento da cetoacidose diabética previne a ocorrência de edema cerebral na criança diabética.FiocruzText
Nethis Informa
No full textBoletim informativo desenvolvido pelo Nethis/Fiocruz Brasília com os principais eventos e notícias. Edição publicada no dia 06/01/2021
Nethis Informa
No full textBoletim informativo desenvolvido pelo Nethis/Fiocruz Brasília com os principais eventos e notícias. Edição publicada no dia 17/02/2021
Feed Nasa: edição 3
No full textJornalismo: Juliana Xavier. Revisão de conteúdo: Thayssa Taranto. Diagramação e Design Gráfico: Marcelo Santos. Realização em parceria com Ascom Cogepe.202
Trends in evolution of the Rhodniini tribe (Hemiptera, Triatominae): experimental crosses between Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965 and P. coreodes Bergroth, 1911 and analysis of the reproductive isolating mechanisms
No full textBackground: The tribe Rhodniini is a monophyletic group composed of 24 species grouped into two genera: Rhod nius and Psammolestes. The genus Psammolestes includes only three species, namely P. coreodes, P. tertius and P. arthuri.
Natural hybridization events have been reported for the Rhodniini tribe (for genus Rhodnius specifcally). Information
obtained from hybridization studies can improve our understanding of the taxonomy and systematics of species. Here
we report the results from experimental crosses performed between P. tertius and P. coreodes and from subsequent
analyses of the reproductive and morphological aspects of the hybrids.
Methods: Crossing experiments were conducted between P. tertius and P. coreodes to evaluate the pre- and post zygotic barriers between species of the Rhodniini tribe. We also performed cytogenetic analyses of the F1 hybrids,
with a focus on the degree of pairing between the homeologous chromosomes, and morphology studies of the
male gonads to evaluate the presence of gonadal dysgenesis. Lastly, we analyzed the segregation of phenotypic
characteristics.
Results: Interspecifc experimental crosses demonstrated intrageneric genomic compatibility since hybrids were
produced in both directions. However, these hybrids showed a high mortality rate, suggesting a post-zygotic barrier
resulting in hybrid unviability. The F1 hybrids that reached adulthood presented the dominant phenotypic segrega‑
tion pattern for P. tertius in both directions. These insects were then intercrossed; the hybrids were used in the cross
between P. tertius ♀ × P. coreodes ♂ died before oviposition, and the F1 hybrids of P. coreodes ♀ x P. tertius ♂ oviposited
and their F2 hybrids hatched (however, all specimens died after hatching, still in frst-generation nymph stage, point‑
ing to a hybrid collapse event). Morphological analyses of male gonads from F1 hybrids showed that they did not have gonadal dysgenesis. Cytogenetic analyses of these triatomines showed that there were metaphases with 100%
pairing between homeologous chromosomes and metaphases with pairing errors.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that Psammolestes spp. have intrageneric genomic compat‑
ibility and that post-zygotic barriers, namely unviability of hybrid and hybrid collapse, resulted in the breakdown of
the hybrids of P. tertius and P. coreodes, confrming the specifc status of species based on the biological concept of
species
Feed Nasa: edição 2
No full textRevisão de conteúdo/Jornalismo: Juliana Xavier. Diagramação e Design Gráfico: Marcelo Santos. Realização em parceria com Ascom Cogep
Tobacco Sectorial Board as a veto player of the National Tobacco Control Policy
No full textA Política Nacional de Controle do Tabaco teve sua origem em ações depreendidas pelo governo federal na década de 1980 e hoje é reconhecida como uma política pública exitosa e contribui positivamente para indicadores de saúde. A política regulatória da produção, propaganda e consumo de tabaco no Brasil resultou do aprendizado social difundido por comunidades epistêmicas no plano internacional e nacional. No entanto, grupos afetados diretamente pela política regulatória têm exercido a opção do veto político. O objetivo da dissertação é descrever e analisar a dinâmica organizacional da Câmara Setorial do Tabaco, que pertence ao Ministério da Agricultura, e descrever a atuação de atores políticos afetados por políticas de controle do tabaco de difusão multilateral. Para isso, foi realizada pesquisa documental e revisão bibliográfica acerca do controle do tabaco no Brasil, atores (players) envolvidos e Câmara Setorial do Tabaco. Em seguida, procedeu-se com a coleta e organização dos dados e posteriormente com a análise das atas. Os referenciais teóricos e metodológico foram os relativos às comunidades epistêmicas, veto players, incrementalismo e neo-institucioonalismo. Os resultados apontam para o sucesso da política de controle do tabaco no Brasil, com apoio da comunidade epistêmica e diante da resistência de atores que defendem a fumicultura. A Câmara Setorial do Tabaco é composta prioritariamente por atores que defendem a cadeia produtiva do tabaco. Conclui-se que a política de controle do tabaco no Brasil, assim as medidas para políticas de desigualdades e de inclusão seguiu em um movimento incremental. Em determinado momento, as ações governamentais de controle do tabaco passaram a ocorrer em outro ritmo, mais lento. A Câmara Setorial do Tabaco é uma reação à Convenção-Quadro e uma violação ao seu artigo 5.3. Suas atas refletem a articulação para, ao cumprir seu objetivo, impedir o avanço da PNCT. A comunidade epistêmica brasileira tem contribuído com a proteção de que os interesses das empresas de tabaco e de seus aliados prevaleça. Nos últimos anos, a produção de novas e relevantes medidas de controle do tabaco sofreu impacto e registrou declínio significativo. Assim, o contexto político brasileiro no qual as medidas de controle do tabaco foram discutidas e vetadas é favorecido pelo enfraquecimento dos processos bilaterais.Throughout the 1980s the federal government took several measures in order to control the tobacco epidemic in Brazil. These actions culminated into the National Tobacco Control Policy which is now recognized as a successful public policy, and continues to contribute positively to indicators of health. The regulatory policies for tobacco production, advertising and consumption in Brazil resulted from contributions made by epistemic communities at the international and domestic levels. However, the groups that are directly affected by regulatory policies have exercised a political veto position. The objective of the dissertation is to describe and analyze the organizational dynamics of the Tobacco Sectorial Board, which is owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Furthermore, it aims to describe the role of political actors affected by tobacco control policies. The method included a bibliographic review of the literature covering documents about the National Tobacco Control Policy in Brazil and related players, and the Tobacco Sectorial Board. A wide array of data was organized and analyzed proceeded with the collection and organization of the data and later with the analysis of the records. The theoretical and methodological frameworks were those related to epistemic communities, veto players, incrementalism and neo-institutionalism. The results point to the success of the Tobacco Control Policy in Brazil, with support from the epistemic community, and in the face of the resistance of players who defend tobacco supply chain interests. The tobacco control policy in Brazil has proved successful with the support of the epistemic community even though faced with resistance from players who defend tobacco supply chain interests. The Tobacco Control Policy in Brazil, such as equality and inclusion policies, was an incremental process. At a certain point, governmental tobacco control actions started to take place at a slower pace. The Tobacco Sectorial Board is a reaction to the Framework Convention and a WHO/FCTC Article 5.3 violation. The Tobacco Sectorial Board is composed mainly of players who defend the tobacco supply chain. The records reflect the articulation in fulfilling its objective to prevent the advancement, and strengthening of the National Tobacco Control Policy. The Brazilian epistemic community has continued to protect existing public health policies against the interests of tobacco companies and their allies. However, as of late, the implementation of new and relevant tobacco control measures has suffered a significant
Giardiasis in urban and rural Amazonas, Brazil is driven by zoonotic and cosmopolitan A and B assemblages
No full textBACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and other mammals and causes giardiasis
worldwide. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H), with assemblages A and B considered zoonotic.
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the assemblages of G. duodenalis from individuals living in rural and urban
areas of the Amazonas State.
METHODS 103 human faecal specimens microscopically positive for the presence of Giardia obtained from four municipalities
in Amazonas and four animal faecal specimens were genotyped based on the sequences of two genes, triosephosphate isomerase
(TPI) and β-giardin (BG).
FINDINGS In humans, assemblage A was the most represented with the identification of sub-assemblages AI, AII and AIII
based on BG and sub-assemblages AI and AII based on TPI. Similarly, there is a diversity of sub-assemblage B considering BG
(B and BIII) and TPI (B, BIII and BIV). In addition, we characterised homogeneous and heterogeneous genotypes comprising
assemblages/sub-assemblages A and B in individuals from urban and rural areas. Here, for the first time, it was genotyped
Giardia that infects animals from the Brazilian Amazon region. We identified sub-assemblage AI in one Ateles paniscus and two
Felis catus and sub-assemblage BIV in one Lagothrix cana.
MAIN CONCLUSIONS Therefore, humans and animals from the urban and rural Amazon share Giardia genotypes belonging to
assemblages A and B, which are found in cosmopolitan regions around the world
Nilo Pecanha and his dog Jicky: cultural and political meanings of a relationship
No full textThe article examines Nilo Peçanha’s relationship with his pet dog, Jicky. The bond between these two individualized living beings in the early decades of the twentieth century points to various aspects of the historical interaction between humans and animals. As a prominent leader and President of the Republic, Nilo Peçanha’s relationship with his dog was represented in the press, highlighting cultural and political meanings that referred to the context of the time and the image of the politician. Jicky became a “public figure” in the First Republic, personifying, along with its owner, new affective possibilities and old political practices. The sources used in the research were news from newspapers and magazines, cartoons and documents from the collection of the Museum of the Republi
Implantação da supervisão técnica nas agências transfusionais da hemorrede pública do Distrito Federal e seus efeitos nas atividades de hemovigilância
No full textA hemovigilância compreende um conjunto de ações de vigilância que visam a segurança do doador e do receptor de sangue. A transfusão sanguínea é indicada em determinadas condições clínicas, porém, nunca está isenta de riscos, podendo causar as chamadas Reações Transfusionais (RTs). Essas RTs, por determinação da legislação vigente, precisam ser notificadas no Sistema de otifica es para a igil ncia Sanitária (Notivisa). O Distrito Federal (DF) notificou sua primeira RT em 2009, apresentando uma curva ascendente nos anos seguintes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o impacto da implantação da supervisão técnica nas Agências Transfusionais (ATs) dos hospitais da hemorrede pública do DF sobre as atividades de hemovigilância, no período de 2009 a 2019. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados dois bancos de dados secundários: um com as informações das RTs registradas no Sistema Notivisa e o outro com as informações do total de transfusões realizadas, ue s o informadas no Sistema de nforma o de Produ o emoterápica (Hemoprod). As informações de cada AT foram separadas em dois períodos: “sem supervisor” e “com supervisor”. Na análise global foram notificadas 1.096 RTs e realizadas 574.708 transfusões nas ATs públicas com lotação de supervisores da FHB. Já na análise descritiva e comparativa, em que foram analisadas somente as RTs classificadas em confirmadas, prováveis e possíveis, o número de RTs passou para 981. Dessas 981 RTs, 85,43% foram reações imediatas, do tipo alérgica (37,92%) e febril não hemolítica (33,74%). Apresentaram gravidade leve, superior a 80%, contudo, 2 óbitos foram atribuídos à transfusão (0,21%). Ocorreram predominantemente no sexo feminino (56,27%) e na faixa etária entre 25 e 35 anos (16,50%) O Ambulatório de Transfusão (22,43%) foi o setor hospitalar de maior ocorrência e notificação de RTs, sendo o Concentrado de Hemácias (CH) o hemocomponente mais envolvido nesses registros (68,40%). o período “sem supervisor” foram notificadas 36 RTs e ocorreram 163.389 transfusões, o que gerou uma taxa de notificação de 0,220. Na análise desses dados com o parâmetro francês (3 RTs por 1.000 transfusões) foi identificado 92,666% de subnotificação nessa fase. Já no período “com supervisor” foram notificadas 944,997 RTs e ocorreram 411.319 transfusões, o que gerou uma taxa de notificação de 2,297. Nesse intervalo, utilizando o mesmo parâmetro francês para comparação, a subnotificação passou para 23,417%. Portanto, apesar de ainda haver subnotificação de RTs nas ATs públicas com lotação de supervisores da FHB foi evidenciado que a inclusão dos supervisores impactou nocenário da hemovigilância nas ATs dos hospitais da hemorrede pública do DF, uma vez que houve uma redução de 74,78% da subnotificação, indicando um aumento no número de notificações das RTs no Notivisa.Hemovigilance comprises a set of surveillance actions aimed at the safety of the blood donor and recipient. Blood transfusion is indicated in certain clinical conditions, however, it is never without risks, and may cause the so-called Transfusion Reactions (TRs). These TRs, as determined by current legislation, must be notified in the Notification System for Health Surveillance (Notivisa). The Federal District (DF) notified its first TR in 2009, showing an ascending curve in the following years. The objective of this work was to analyze the impact of the implementation of technical supervision in Transfusion Agencies (TAs) of hospitals in the DF public blood network on hemovigilance activities, in the period on between 2009- 2019. This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Two secondary databases were used: one with information on TRs registered in the Notivisa System and the other with information on the total number of transfusions performed, which are reported in the Hemotherapy Production Information System (Hemoprod). The information of each TA was separated into two periods: “without supervisor” and “with supervisor”. n the global analysis, 1,096 TRs were notified and 574,708 transfusions were carried out in public TAs with FHB supervisors. In the descriptive and comparative analysis, in which only TRs classified as confirmed, probable and possible were analyzed, the number of TRs rose to 981. Of these 981 TRs, 85.43% were immediate reactions, of the allergic type (37.92%) and non-hemolytic febrile (33.74%). They presented mild severity, greater than 80%, however, 2 deaths were attributed to transfusion (0.21%). They occurred predominantly in females (56.27%) and in the age group between 25 and 35 years (16.50%) The Transfusion Clinic (22.43%) was the hospital sector with the highest occurrence and notification of TRs, with the Red Blood Cell Concentrate (RBC) being the most involved blood component in these records (68.40%). n the “without supervisor” period, 36 TRs were notified and there were 163,389 transfusions, which generated a notification rate of 0.220. In analyzing these data with the French parameter (3 RTs per 1,000 transfusions), 92.666% of underreporting was identified in this phase. In the “with supervisor” period, 944,997 TRs were notified and 411,319 transfusions occurred, which generated a notification rate of 2,297. In this interval, using the same French parameter for comparison, underreporting increased to 23.417%. Therefore, although there is still underreporting of TRs in public TAs with FHB supervisors, it was evidenced that the inclusion of supervisors had an impact on the hemovigilance scenario in the TAs of hospitals in the public blood network of the DF, since there was areduction of 74.78 % of underreporting, which indicates an increase in the number of notifications from TRs in Notivisa